North Petherton

Coordinates: 51°05′28″N 3°00′47″W / 51.091°N 3.013°W / 51.091; -3.013
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

North Petherton
Avon and Somerset
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UK Parliament
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UK
England
Somerset
51°05′28″N 3°00′47″W / 51.091°N 3.013°W / 51.091; -3.013

North Petherton is a town and

civil parish in Somerset, England, situated on the edge of the eastern foothills of the Quantocks, and close to the edge of the Somerset Levels.[2]
The town has a population of 6,730 as of 2014.[1] The parish includes Hamp, Melcombe, Shearston, Woolmersdon and Huntworth.

Dating from at least the 10th century and an important settlement in Saxon times,[2] North Petherton became a town only in the late 20th century, until then claiming to be the largest village in England.

A former market and administrative centre, North Petherton is now largely a dormitory town for workers in

AHAP), and a number of buildings have been given listed building
status.

Toponymy

The town is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Nortperet. The name derives from the area's location to the north side of the River Parrett, and from the Old English nor tun.[3]

History

Long before the

Norman Conquest, during Saxon times North Petherton was at the centre of a large royal estate, located on one of the historic communication routes through Somerset, and was both an important centre and the meeting place for the Hundred of North Petherton[2] although the Petherton limit tithing of North Petherton was in the Hundred of Andersfield from the 1670s.[4]

At the time of the Norman invasion the Hundred covered a large area corresponding, today, roughly to a north–south corridor along the M5 motorway from Junction 25 near

Stretcholt, and east–west from Athelney to Goathurst. The Parish of North Petherton continues to be one of the largest in Somerset to this day.[2]

North Petherton Park

Sir William Courtenay (d.1535) of Powderham, Devon was the keeper of North Petherton Park.[8]

Other

The town itself it thought to have developed around the minster which, it is supposed, was on the same site as the current church.[2] There is archaeological evidence indicating that there were timber buildings to the west of the church in the late Saxon period, and it is suspected that the remains of the Saxon settlement may continue to lie beneath the town centre.[2] Excavations to the west of the church, on what is now the Community Centre site, revealed a 14th-century cemetery, which may have been used for victims of the plague, as well as indicating that the area was redeveloped in the late Middle Ages.[2] It is thought that there may have been a mint in the town during the 10th or 11th century, and a charter to hold a market was granted in 1318, although it is thought that the market predated this.[2] A shire hall, courthouse and guildhall are known to have exited and were probably located north of the church.[2]

A minor skirmish of the English Civil War took place in August 1644 outside what was then the cornhill, now the area of Fore Street between the Community Centre and the former George Inn.

The Alfred Jewel, an object about 2.5-inch (64 mm) long, made of filigree gold, cloisonné-enamelled and with a rock crystal covering, was found in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton.[9] Believed to have been commissioned by Alfred the Great,[5] it is thought to have been the handle for a pointer that would have fitted into the hole at its base, and been used while reading a book out loud. It is inscribed, "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN," ("Alfred had me made"). It may be one of the "aestels" Alfred had sent to each bishopric with a copy of his translation of Pope Gregory the Great's book Pastoral Care. A replica of the jewel can be found in the church of St Mary.

North Newton Swing Bridge

When the Bridgwater and Taunton Canal was opened in 1827 it joined the River Parrett by a lock at Huntworth, where a basin was constructed, but in 1841 the canal was extended to a floating harbour in Bridgwater, and the Huntworth link was filled in.[10] The canal and river were not re-connected at this point when the canal was restored, because the Parrett is by then a salt water river laden with silt, whereas the canal contains fresh water. Not only is there a risk of silt entering the canal,[11] but the salt water cannot be allowed to contaminate the fresh, as the canal is still used for the transport of drinking water for Bridgwater's population.[12] The Crossways Swing Bridge over the canal in the parish was built in 1827 by John Rennie. It is a wooden bridge which rotated on steel ball-bearings in a circular track, a very early example of the use of ball bearings in this way. It was designated as a Grade II listed building but the mechanism was removed in 1987.[13][14] The Higher and Lower Maunsel locks on the canal are either side of the Maunsel bridge which carries the A361.[15] The stone Coxhill road bridge dates from the same time.[16]

Woolmersdon House in Woolmersdon is a Grade II listed late Georgian residence.[17]

In 1906, North Petherton became the first town in Britain (and perhaps the only one)[2] to have street lights lit by piped acetylene gas, supplied by the North Petherton Gas and Carbide Company,[6] operating from a plant in Mill Lane (photo). The plant was demolished towards the end of the 20th century to form a car park for the local doctor's surgery. Acetylene was replaced in 1931 by coal gas produced in Bridgwater, as well as by the provision of an electricity supply,[6] and the Gas and Carbide Company was wound up.[18] The North Petherton Rosco Acetylene Company (dating from at least 1898) may have supplied gas to the adjacent church prior to the Gas and Carbide Company.

In 1926 the Bridgwater Beam Wireless Station was opened north east of the town. It was the UK receiving station for Marconi's UK-to-Canada Beam Wireless Service, (part of the Imperial Wireless Chain,) the first transoceanic shortwave wireless telegraph service in the world and operated until 2002.

In 1984 North Petherton was provided with a small public library. As a result of a revitalised fund-raising campaign (originally begun decades earlier), this was followed a few years later by the construction of a Community Centre, opened in 1987, which was extended in 1991.[19]

Governance

The

civil parish of North Petherton includes the villages of North Newton (on the route of the Bridgwater and Taunton Canal) and Northmoor Green (also known as Moorland) in the Somerset Levels, as well as a number of other smaller settlements. Despite several reductions in size, with land redesignated to neighbouring parishes, North Petherton remains one of the largest parishes in Somerset at 43 km2 (16.6 sq mi), and the largest in Sedgemoor.[2]

The town council (which is a

neighbourhood watch
groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The town council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

For

Avon and Somerset Constabulary and the South Western Ambulance Service
.

An

2011 census was 7,155.[21]

It is also part of the

first past the post
system of election.

Geography

North Petherton is situated on one of the historic communication routes through Somerset, and a turnpike through the town was opened between Bridgwater and Taunton in the 1730s.[22] The opening of the nearby M5 motorway in the 1970s which relieved major traffic jams on the A38 through the town, also added to the attraction of the town for commuters and has consequently led to the construction of several new housing estates. The town lies on the route of the Macmillan Way West long-distance footpath.

A drain on North Moor

South east of the town near

biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. North Moor is a nationally important grazing marsh and ditch system on the Somerset Levels and Moors. A range of neutral grassland types supporting common and scarce plants has developed mainly due to variations in soils and management practices. Aquatic plant communities are exceptionally diverse with good populations of nationally scarce species. The site has special interest in its bird life.[23]

Climate

Along with the rest of

convective cloud sometimes forms inland, reducing the number of hours of sunshine. Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours.[24] In December 1998 there were 20 days without sun recorded at Yeovilton. Most of the rainfall in the south-west is caused by Atlantic depressions or by convection. Most of the rainfall in autumn and winter is caused by the Atlantic depressions, which is when they are most active. In summer, a large proportion of the rainfall is caused by sun heating the ground leading to convection and to showers and thunderstorms. Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in). About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, and June to August have the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west.[24]

Economy

Follyfoot fishery by the A38 south of North Petherton

North Petherton used to be a

market having been granted in 1318, along with the right to an annual fair.[2]

In the past the town hosted a Starkey Knight and Ford brewery on Fore Street (demolished in the late 1960s), several maltings, a light engineering works (Trig Engineering, since moved to the Huntworth Business Park adjacent to the nearby Junction 24 of the M5 motorway), and in earlier times at least 7 watermills.

Medieval
times. The production of cloth and leather goods also used to take place in the town, the former being commemorated in the name of the road known as Dyer's Green.

The extensive

service businesses and farming. Folly Foot fishery is based on a lake which is stocked with Koi, Mirror, Common and Ghost Carp.[25]

A new £100 m Regional Agricultural Business Centre, including an extensive

Market and Dairy opened just beyond the outskirts of the town in 2007, following construction which began in 2006.[26][27]
This replaced the cattle markets in both Taunton and Bridgwater.

Education

North Petherton junior school

North Petherton has two schools, North Petherton juniors and North Petherton infants, however they have been joined together to form one school, North Petherton Primary School.

Special schools
in the town include: Elmwood Special School, New Horizon Centre School and Penrose School.

Bridgwater College which was formerly Bridgwater Technical School.[30]

Religious sites

The community centre with St Mary's church tower behind

The town has the

organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register
.

The Church of St Peter has a tower which may be of Saxon origin which was altered in 1635. The rest of the church was completely rebuilt for Rev. Thomas Eaton in 1885. It is Grade II* listed.[33]

The Church of St. Michael has Norman origins and has seen various restorations since. It was last restored and extended in 1868 for Slade family of Maunsel House.[34]

In the cemetery is a 19th-century combined Non-conformist and

Anglican Mortuary Chapel.[35]

Culture

The annual North Petherton Carnival is part of the West Country Carnival circuit, and takes place in November, on the second Saturday in November. The date of the first Carnival at Bridgwater is the previous Saturday, featuring most of the same participants.

The Walnut Tree (rebranded in the 1970s from the Clarence Hotel, and before that as the New Inn) is one of three hotels in the town, it was formerly in competition with the George Hotel (now closed), where monthly petty sessions (court hearings) were formerly held. The hotel is also used as the Headquarters for Pentathlon Carnival Club, one of the carnival clubs which class North Petherton as its local carnival.

Twinning

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Statistics for Wards, LSOAs and Parishes — SUMMARY Profiles" (Excel). Somerset Intelligence. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Gathercole, Clare. "North Petherton" (PDF). The Somerset Urban Archaeological Survey. Somerset County Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  3. ISBN 1-874336-03-2
    .
  4. ^ A P Baggs; M C Siraut (1992). R W Dunning; C R Elrington (eds.). "North Petherton: Local government". A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 6: Andersfield, Cannington, and North Petherton Hundreds (Bridgwater and neighbouring parishes). Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  5. ^ a b "Local History". North Petherton. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
  6. ^ a b c A P Baggs; M C Siraut (1992). R W Dunning; C R Elrington (eds.). "North Petherton". A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 6: Andersfield, Cannington, and North Petherton Hundreds (Bridgwater and neighbouring parishes). Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  7. ^ Golding "Wrotham, William of (died 1217/18)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  8. ^ "Bindoff, S.T. (Ed.)History of Parliament, House of Commons 1509–1558, 1982".
  9. ^ "Replicas of the Alfred Jewel". The Anglo Saxon Index, Trinity College, Cambridge. Archived from the original on 2 November 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
  10. ISBN 0-7153-4176-6
  11. ^ "Bridgwater & Taunton Canal". Moorings & Moor. Archived from the original on 21 February 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  12. ^ "Brdgwater Docks — photographic record". S G J Huddy. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  13. ^ "10645: Crossways swing bridge, Huntworth". Somerset HER. South West Heritage Trust. 13 October 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  14. ^ Murless, Brian (August 2014). "Demolition and Loss". Somerset Industrial Archaeological Society. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  15. ^ Historic England. "Higher Maunsell Lock No 4 and Higher Maunsell Bridge (1060154)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  16. ^ Historic England. "Coxhill Bridge (1060153)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  17. ^ Historic England. "Woolmersdon House (1177983)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  18. ^ "No. 33776". The London Gazette. 1 December 1931. p. 7758.
  19. ^ "History". North Petherton: North Petherton Community Centre. 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  20. ^ "Bridgwater RD". A vision of Britain Through Time. University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  21. ^ "Ward population 2011". Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  22. ^ "Eighteenth-century Turnpike road, East Brent to Thurloxton". Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  23. ^ "SSSI citation sheet for North Moor" (PDF). English Nature. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  24. ^ a b c d "South West England: climate". Met Office. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  25. ^ "Folly Foot fishery". Folly Foot fishery. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  26. ^ "£100 m agricultural centre begins". Bridgwater Mercury. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
  27. ^ "£50 m agricultural centre to open". BBC News. BBC. 22 December 2005. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  28. ^ "East Bridgwater Community School". Ofsted. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
  29. ^ "Haygrove School". Ofsted. Archived from the original on 13 January 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
  30. ^ "College History". Bridgwater College. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  31. ISBN 978-0500343142
  32. ^ Historic England. "Church of St. Mary (1058924)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
  33. ^ Historic England. "Church of St. Peter (1058917)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
  34. ^ Historic England. "Church of St. Michael (1060173)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  35. ^ Historic England. "Combined Non-conformist and Anglican Mortuary Chapel (1344639)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  36. ^ "North Petherton Community Centre – The community centre story". North Petherton Community Centre. Retrieved 20 December 2018.

External links

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