Northampton, Massachusetts

Coordinates: 42°20′N 72°39′W / 42.333°N 72.650°W / 42.333; -72.650
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Northampton
City of Northampton
First Church, Main Street, Northampton
First Church, Main Street, Northampton
FIPS code
25-46330
GNIS feature ID0606674
Websitewww.northamptonma.gov

The city of Northampton

2020 census, the population of Northampton (including its outer villages, Florence and Leeds) was 29,571.[8]

Northampton is known as an academic, artistic, musical, and

Epodunk rates Northampton as the most politically liberal medium-size city (population 25,000–99,000) in the United States.[10] The city has a high proportion of residents who identify as gay and lesbian[11][12] and a high number of same-sex households[13] and is a popular destination for the LGBT community.[14][15]

Northampton is part of the

Connecticut River Valley cities and towns. Northampton is part of the Springfield Metropolitan Area, one of western Massachusetts's two separate metropolitan areas. It sits approximately 19 miles (31 km) north of the city of Springfield
.

Northampton is home to Smith College, Hotel Northampton, Northampton High School, Smith Vocational and Agricultural High School, and the Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech.

History

Northampton (Massachusetts), New York Public Library

Early settlement

Northampton was known as "Norwottuck", or "Nonotuck", meaning "the midst of the river",

Pocumtuc inhabitants. According to various accounts, Northampton was given its present name by John A. King (1629–1703), one of the first white settlers in Northampton, or possibly in King's honor, since it is supposed that he came to Massachusetts from Northampton, England, his birthplace.[17]

The Pocumtuc confederacy occupied the

Mohawk nation.[18] The Mahican confederacy had been defeated by 1628, limiting Pocumtuc access to trade routes to the west. The area suffered a major smallpox epidemic in the 1630s following the arrival of Dutch traders in the Hudson Valley and New England settlers in the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the previous two decades. It was in this context that the land making up the bulk of modern Northampton was sold to settlers from Springfield in 1653.[2]
: 5–12 

On May 18, 1653, a petition for township was approved by the general court of Springfield.

Wampanoag and the Massachusetts Bay colonists, eventually leading to the expanded Algonquian alliance, which took part in King Philip's War
.

Partition

Northampton was part of the

Holyoke rather than Northampton's own municipal departments, and after a number of negotiations between the two cities, Smith's Ferry was ceded to Holyoke in 1909 for a sum of $62,000.[23][24]

The Great Awakening

Congregational preacher, theologian and philosopher Jonathan Edwards was a leading figure in a 1734 Christian revival in Northampton. In the winter of 1734 and the following spring it reached such intensity that it threatened the town's businesses. In the spring of 1735 the movement began to subside and a reaction set in. But the relapse was brief, and the Northampton revival, which had spread through the Connecticut River Valley and whose fame had reached England and Scotland, was followed in 1739–1740 by the Great Awakening, under the leadership of Edwards.[citation needed]

For this achievement, Edwards is considered one of the founders of

evangelical Christianity.[25]

The Oxbow (1836) by Thomas Cole

Northampton hosted its own witch trials in the 1700s, although no alleged witches were executed.[26]

After the Revolution

Members of the Northampton community were present at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.[27]

On August 29, 1786, Daniel Shays and a group of Revolutionary War veterans (who called themselves Shaysites) stopped the civil court from sitting in Northampton, in an uprising known as Shays' Rebellion.[28]

In 1805 a crowd of 15,000 gathered in Northampton to watch the executions of two Irishmen convicted of murder: Dominic Daley, 34, and James Halligan, 27. The crowd, composed largely of New England White Anglo-Saxon Protestants, lit bonfires and expressed virulently anti-Irish and anti-Catholic sentiments. The trial evidence against Daley and Halligan was sparse, circumstantial, contrived, and perjurious.[29] The men were hanged on June 5, 1806, on Pancake Plain. Their bodies were denied a burial; they were destroyed in the local slaughterhouse. This trial "later came to be seen as epitomizing the anti-Irish sentiment that was widespread in New England in the early 19th century."[citation needed] Daley and Halligan were exonerated of all crimes by governor Michael Dukakis in 1984. Today a simple stone landmark stands marking the site of Daley and Halligan's executions.

In 1835 Northampton was linked to the ocean by the New Haven and Northampton Canal, but the canal enterprise foundered and after about a decade was replaced by a railroad running along the same route.[30] A flood on the Mill River on May 16, 1874, obliterated almost the entire Northampton neighborhood of Leeds, killing 139 people in Leeds and areas of neighboring towns.[31]

The "Paradise of America"

One dollar note with illustrations of a standing female figure, a seated female allegorical figure holding a scythe and rake; sailing vessels; steam engine, and a building
Northampton Bank one dollar note from 1843.

From 1842

utopian community of abolitionists. Called the Northampton Association of Education and Industry, the community believed that the rights of all people should be "equal without distinction of sex, color or condition, sect or religion". It supported itself by producing mulberry trees and silk. Sojourner Truth, a former slave who became a national advocate for equality and justice, lived in this community until its dissolution (and later in a house on Park Street until 1857).[33]

Hampshire County Courthouse in Northampton, designed by architect Henry Franklin Kilburn.

In 1851 opera singer Jenny Lind, the "Swedish Nightingale", declared Northampton to be the "Paradise of America", from which Northampton took its nickname "The Paradise City".[34]

Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech (formerly the Clarke School for the Deaf) was founded in Northampton in 1867. It was the United States' first permanent oral school for the deaf. Alexander Graham Bell[35] and Grace Coolidge[36] have served as heads of school.[37]

Seven Sisters colleges. Well-known Smith alumnae include Sylvia Plath, Barbara Bush, Nancy Reagan, Tammy Baldwin, Gloria Steinem, Madeleine L'Engle, and Julia Child. The first game of women's basketball
was played at Smith College in 1892.

A theft of $1.6 million ($46.5 million in 2023) from the Northampton National Bank took place on January 27, 1876.[38]

Northampton officially became a city on September 5, 1883, when voters accepted the city charter, "The act to establish the city of Northampton. 1883-Chapter 250," as passed and approved.[3][4]

French-Canadians. In 1890 a small number of German-Jewish families arrived in Northampton, most of them coming from New York or Boston. By 1905 there were almost 5000 foreign-born residents among the 20,000 people of the city.[39]

Decline

During the mid-20th century, Northampton experienced several decades of economic decline, bottoming in the 1970s,[

New York Capital District
.

Norwottuck Rail Trail
Bridge across the Connecticut River

Cultural renaissance

Northampton has a thriving cultural center and is a popular tourist destination. The city has many eclectic restaurants and a lively arts and music scene. Three Northampton farmers markets, held weekly, sell fresh produce from local farms.

Since 1982, Northampton has been host to an annual LGBT Parade and Pride event held the first Saturday in May.[40]

Since 1995 Northampton has been home to the twice-yearly Paradise City Arts Festival,[41] held at the Three County Fairgrounds on Memorial Day weekend and Columbus Day weekend. The festival is a national juried showcase for contemporary craft and fine art.

Since 2004, Northampton has been the site of Django in June, a week-long gypsy jazz music camp held annually on the campus of Smith College.[42]

In recent years, downtown Northampton has seen a decline, with nearly 1 out of 5 storefronts being vacant as of September, 2022. [43]

Geography

Northampton sits on the west side of the Connecticut River in the Pioneer Valley of western Massachusetts. It is located at 42°20′N 72°39′W / 42.333°N 72.650°W / 42.333; -72.650.[44]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 35.8 square miles (92.6 km2), of which 34.2 square miles (88.7 km2) are land and 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), or 4.22%, are water.[45] A total of 21% of the city is permanently protected open space.[46]

Within Northampton's city limits are the villages of Florence and Leeds.

Northampton is bordered to the north by the towns of Hatfield and Williamsburg, to the west by Westhampton, to the east by Hadley (across the Connecticut River), and to the south by Easthampton.

The

Connecticut River Valley's most populous Massachusetts city, is located 19 miles (31 km) southeast of Northampton. Boston
is 104 miles (167 km) by highway east of Northampton. New York City is 161 miles (259 km) southwest of Northampton.

The Connecticut River's Oxbow is within Northampton's city limits, at the northern base of Mount Nonotuck.

Climate

Northampton has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), typical of western Massachusetts. Winters are cold and snowy, and summers are warm and humid. Precipitation is evenly distributed year-around, with an annual average of 46.14 inches (1,172 millimetres).[47]

Climate data for Northampton, Massachusetts (01060)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 70
(21)
70
(21)
85
(29)
93
(34)
94
(34)
98
(37)
100
(38)
100
(38)
99
(37)
89
(32)
82
(28)
72
(22)
100
(38)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 33
(1)
37
(3)
45
(7)
58
(14)
69
(21)
78
(26)
82
(28)
81
(27)
73
(23)
62
(17)
49
(9)
38
(3)
59
(15)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 13
(−11)
16
(−9)
24
(−4)
35
(2)
45
(7)
55
(13)
59
(15)
58
(14)
49
(9)
38
(3)
30
(−1)
20
(−7)
37
(3)
Record low °F (°C) −30
(−34)
−27
(−33)
−17
(−27)
11
(−12)
24
(−4)
32
(0)
40
(4)
32
(0)
25
(−4)
12
(−11)
−4
(−20)
−20
(−29)
−30
(−34)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.34
(85)
3.23
(82)
3.57
(91)
3.87
(98)
4.14
(105)
4.10
(104)
4.03
(102)
3.76
(96)
4.19
(106)
4.64
(118)
3.83
(97)
3.44
(87)
46.14
(1,171)
Source: Weather.com [47]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
17901,628—    
18002,190+34.5%
18102,631+20.1%
18202,854+8.5%
18303,613+26.6%
18403,750+3.8%
18505,278+40.7%
18606,788+28.6%
187010,160+49.7%
188012,172+19.8%
189014,990+23.2%
190018,643+24.4%
191019,431+4.2%
192021,951+13.0%
193024,381+11.1%
194024,794+1.7%
195029,063+17.2%
196030,058+3.4%
197029,664−1.3%
198029,286−1.3%
199029,289+0.0%
200028,978−1.1%
201028,549−1.5%
202029,571+3.6%
202229,327−0.8%
* = population estimate.
Source: United States census records and Population Estimates Program data.[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][45][58][59][60]
Source:
U.S. Decennial Census[61]

As of the

Latino
of any race were 6.8% of the population.

There were 12,000 households, out of which 21.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.6% were characterized as "husband-wife" married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.9% were non-families. Of all households 37.2% were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.81.[62]

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.7% age 19 and under, 9.8% from 20 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 75.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.9 males.[62]

The median income for a household in the city was $56,999, and the median income for a family was $80,179. Males had a median income of $40,470 versus $32,003 for females. The

poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.[64]

Northampton's public schools include four

elementary schools (kindergarten through 5th grade), one middle school (6th to 8th grade), one high school (9th to 12th grade), and one vocational-agricultural high school
(9th to 12th grade). There are several private schools in Northampton and a number of charter schools in surrounding towns.

According to the website ePodunk's Gay Index, which is based on figures from the 2000 US Census, Northampton has a score of 535, vs. a national average score of 100 (i.e., Northampton's population includes 5.35 times the national average of same-sex unmarried households).[65] According to the Human Rights Campaign, Northampton scored a 100 out of 100 on its Municipality Equality Index.[66]

Government

Gina-Louise Sciarra is the mayor of Northampton.[67] Previous mayors have included future President of the United States Calvin Coolidge (1910–1911) and James "Big Jim" Cahillane, who served from 1954 to 1960. Well-known Judge Sean M. Dunphy was the youngest elected mayor in its history, at age 28.

The city also has a nine-member city council, composed of seven ward representatives and two at-large members. Councilors are elected to two-year terms and the council meets twice monthly for 10 months out of the year. The three other elected city-wide bodies are the School Committee, the Trustees of Smith Vocational and Agricultural High School and the Trustees of Forbes Library.[68]

Northampton is represented in the 1st Hampshire District of the Massachusetts House of Representatives by Democrat Lindsay Sabadosa,[69] in the Hampshire, Franklin and Worcester District of the Massachusetts Senate by Democrat Jo Comerford,[70] and on the Eighth Massachusetts Governor's Council District by Democrat Tara Jacobs.[71]

Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 15, 2008[72]
Party Number of voters Percentage
Democratic 10,066 49.49%
Republican 994 4.89%
Unaffiliated 8,998 44.24%
Libertarian 280 1.38%
Total 20,338 100%

Education

Public schools

Colleges and universities

Northampton is home to

Five Colleges) contribute to Northampton's college town
atmosphere.

Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech

lip-reading, as opposed to signing
) and holds an annual summer camp, the theme varying from summer to summer. Clarke is the oldest oral school for the deaf in the country, established in 1867 on Round Hill Road overlooking the Connecticut River Valley.

Media

The Daily Hampshire Gazette, a six-day a week morning newspaper and the oldest surviving newspaper in Massachusetts,[73]
is based in Northampton, covering Hampshire and Franklin counties.

Northampton is the

low-power community radio station owned and operated by Valley Free Radio. The station was built by more than 400 volunteers from Northampton and around the country in August 2005 at the eighth Prometheus Radio Project barnraising, in conjunction with the tenth annual Grassroots Radio Coalition
conference. Valley Free Radio broadcasts music, news, public affairs, and locally produced radio content to listeners at 103.3 FM.

In addition, Northampton is home to Northampton Community Television, which has existed in numerous forms since the mid-1980s but experienced a radical change in 2006 when it became an independently run nonprofit community media center.[74] After a new public unveiling in November 2007, NCTV grew to over 200 active members in less than 18 months and had already attracted statewide and national attention in the community media landscape. In 2012, 2013 and 2014 NCTV won awards for best web sites (for two different sites) in the United States for community media organizations with budgets under $300,000.[75]

Transportation

Roads

Northampton is served by four exits of Interstate 91, which passes to the east of downtown along the Connecticut River. U.S. Route 5, Massachusetts Route 9, and Massachusetts Route 10 all intersect in the city's downtown area. Massachusetts Route 66 also is partially in Northampton.

The city of Northampton faces daily traffic congestion in the downtown area and connector roads, often resulting in long delays and traffic buildup. The limitation of one bridge across the Connecticut River (the only route to the nearby college town of Amherst) and a busy main street results in unsafe driving behavior and danger to pedestrians.[76] The City of Northampton is attempting to solve this long-time problem by redesigning problematic intersections and installing traffic cameras.[77]

Bus

The

Peter Pan Bus stop with services to Springfield, Amherst
, and other locations in New England.

Rail

New Haven–Springfield Shuttle
, which connects Northampton to Greenfield and New Haven in a pilot program

Passenger rail service for Northampton and the surrounding area is provided by Amtrak's Vermonter from a platform that is located just to the south of the Union Station building,[78] with one northbound and one southbound trip a day. Commuter service to Springfield is also available on Amtrak's Valley Flyer, which operates three round trips a weekday, and one on weekends.

More frequent service is available from

Springfield Union Station
, which is about a 25-minute drive south of Northampton and houses the Peter Pan Bus terminal.

Amtrak restored passenger service to this line in 2014. In 2019, Northampton became a stop on the

New Haven–Springfield Shuttle in a pilot program running from New Haven, Connecticut, to Greenfield with adjacent station stops there northerly and Holyoke to the south, respectively.[79] The pilot program became a permanent service in October of 2022, and it became known as the Valley Flyer
.

Rail freight transportation on the rail line through Northampton, which is known as the Connecticut River Line, is operated by the Pan Am Railways.

Airports

Northampton Airport is a small general aviation airport located one mile northeast of the Northampton central business district. The closest major airport is Bradley International Airport, located roughly 27 miles to the south in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, near the CT-MA state line.[citation needed]

Bicycle

Northampton serves as the hub of a growing

Norwottuck Rail Trail runs eastward from Woodmont Road through Hadley, Amherst, and into Belchertown, with planned future integration into the Central Mass Rail Trail to Boston. To the west, the Northampton Bikeway provides access to the city's Florence and Leeds neighborhoods, including a route through historic Look Park, while downtown, the bikeway provides an alternative to the congested King and Main Streets.[80]

Points of interest

The Connecticut River in Northampton

Notable people

U.S. President Calvin Coolidge worked as a lawyer in Northampton and served as the city's mayor from 1910 to 1911.[93] He went on to be a Massachusetts state senator, lieutenant governor, and governor before becoming vice-president and president of the United States. After retiring from the U.S. presidency in 1929, Coolidge moved back to Northampton. He died in the city on January 5, 1933.

In popular culture

Films shot in Northampton include Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966),[94] Malice (1993), In Dreams (1999), The Cider House Rules (1999), Sylvia (2003),[95] and Edge of Darkness (2010).[96] Other cultural references include:

See also

References

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Further reading

External links