Northern Han

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the state also known as "Northern Han" during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, see Han-Zhao.
Han
漢
951–979
The Northern Han in 951
The Northern Han in 951
CapitalTaiyuan
Common languagesChinese
Religion
Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion
GovernmentMonarchy
Emperor 
• 951–954
Emperor Shizu
• 954–968
Emperor Ruizong
• 968
Emperor Shaozhu
• 968–979
Emperor Yingwu
Historical era
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
• Established
951
• Ended by the Song dynasty
979
Currency
copper coins
etc.
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Later Han (Five Dynasties)
Song dynasty
Today part ofChina

The Northern Han (

dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was founded by Liu Min (Emperor Shizu) as a continuation of the Later Han dynasty founded by his brother Liu Zhiyuan (Emperor Gaozu). The Northern Han lasted from 951 to 979, when it was conquered by the Northern Song dynasty
.

Founding of the Northern Han

The short-lived state of Later Han fell in 950 because of Guo Wei, a powerful military governor's de facto coup. Liu Min founded the Northern Han Kingdom, sometimes referred to as the Eastern Han, in 951 claiming that he was the legitimate heir to the imperial throne of Later Han. Liu Min immediately restored the traditional relationship with the Khitans, who had founded the Liao dynasty.

Sources conflict as to the origin of the Later Han and Northern Han emperors; some indicate

traditional historical sources claim that the emperors claimed patrilineal Han Chinese ancestry.[note 1]

Territorial extent

The Northern Han was a small kingdom located in

Northern Song dynasty
) to the south.

Wedge between Liao and Song

The existence of the Northern Han was one of the two major thorns in relations between the Liao Dynasty and Later Zhou's successor Northern Song, the other being the continued possession of the Sixteen Prefectures by the Liao Dynasty. The Northern Han had placed itself under the protection of the Liao.[3]

Emperor

Song Dynasty by his death in 976. His younger brother, Emperor Taizong wished to emulate his older brother's successes. Wuyue
was brought into the realm in 978.

Fall of the Northern Han

Emboldened by his success to the south, Emperor Taizong decided to embark on a campaign to finally destroy the Northern Han. Leading the army himself, he brought his forces to the Northern Han capital of Taiyuan, which was laid under siege in June. An initial relief force sent by the Liao was easily defeated by Song. After a two-month siege of the capital, the emperor of the Northern Han surrendered and the kingdom was incorporated into the Northern Song.

Rulers

Sovereigns in Northern Han Kingdom 951–979
Temple Names (
Miao Hao
廟號) 		Posthumous Names (
Shi Hao
諡號) 		Personal Names Period of Reigns Era Names (
Nian Hao
年號) and their according range of years
世祖 Shìzǔ 神武帝 Shénwǔdì Liu Min (劉旻) 951–954 Qiányòu (乾祐) 951–954
睿宗 Ruìzōng 孝和帝 Xiàohédì Liu Jun (劉鈞) 954–968 Qiányòu (乾祐) 954–957

Tiānhuì (天會) 957–968

少主 Shàozhǔ Did not exist Liu Ji'en (劉繼恩) 968 Did not exist
Did not exist 英武帝 Yīngwǔdì Liu Jiyuan (劉繼元) 968–979 Guǎngyùn (廣運) 968–979

The family tree of the Later Han and Northern Han rulers

The family tree of the Later Han and Northern Han rulers

  - Later Han emperors;   - Northern Han emperors

adopted
Marriage
Liu Tian 劉琠
Xianzu 显祖
Liu Zhiyuan 劉知遠 895–948
Gaozu 高祖
 947–948		Liu Min 劉旻 895–954
Shizu 世祖
951–954
Liu Chengyou 劉承祐 931–951
Yindi 隱帝
948–951		Liu Yun 劉贇
d.951; r.950		Liu Jun 劉钧 926–968
Ruizong 睿宗
954–968		Xue Zhao
薛钊		Lady Liu
劉氏		Mr. He
何某
Liu Jien 劉继恩 d. 968
Shaozhu 少主
968		 Liu Jiyuan 劉继元 d. 992
Yingwudi 英武帝
968–979

Notes

  1. Prince of Huaiyang, a son of Emperor Ming of Han
    .

References

Citations

  1. ISBN 9780674002494
    .
  2. ISBN 9780674012127
    .
  3. ^ History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 59.

Sources

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