Northern Woods and Water Route

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Northern Woods and Water Route

Route information
Length2,400 km[1] (1,500 mi)
Component
highways		 Hwy 49, Hwy 49, Hwy 2A, Hwy 2, Hwy 55, Hwy 55, Hwy 9, PR 283, PTH 10, PTH 5, PTH 68, PTH 6
Major junctions
West end Hwy 2 at Dawson Creek, BC
East end PTH 101 at Winnipeg, MB
Location
CountryCanada
ProvincesBritish Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
Highway system

The Northern Woods and Water Route is a 2,400-kilometre (1,500 mi) route through northern

Goodsoil, Saskatchewan.[4]

Fur traders and early settlers utilised the rivers and Red River cart roads such as Long Trail until the early 20th century when the railroad and bush planes supplemented travel to this northern boreal transition area. Corduroy roads provided a means for early land vehicles to cross over muskeg and swamp. Horse drawn ploughs filled low areas, settlers hauled gravel and cleared bush for the road ways surveyed along high elevations following lake and river shore lines. Municipalities would grade and gravel roads providing transportation between trading centres. The all-weather road arrived alongside of the NWWR association's impetus for a travel and tourism corridor along the northern area of the western provinces. Traffic volume along the route is a major factor to determine highway classification, surface type, and construction upgrades.

Route description

British Columbia

Dawson Creek, British Columbia

In British Columbia (BC), the NWWR starts in Dawson Creek at the intersection of BC Hwy 2 and BC Hwy 49. Two kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the intersection is BC Hwy 97, where BC Hwy 97 north is the start of the Alaska Highway

while BC Hwy 97 south is named the John Hart Highway. BC Hwy 49, also known as the Spirit River Highway, travels for 15 km (9 mi) before reaching the Alberta border.

Alberta

The NWWR continues east into Alberta on

Slave Lake, “The Jewel of the North", are also on Lesser Slave Lake.[16]

Lesser Slave Lake

The town of Athabasca, "Land of the Whispering Hills", on the Athabasca River has a population over 2,500 and marks the transition between the NWWR connector routes Highway 2 and Highway 55. Traffic volume around Athabasca ranges from 6,000 to 8,000 vpd according to AADT traffic counts at various areas.[17][18] Lac La Biche is located south of Lac la Biche and Beaver Lake on the junction of Highway 36 and Highway 55, where traffic remains around 7,000 vpd.[5] Sir Winston Churchill Provincial Park on Lac la Biche is to the north of the NWWR at this point.[19] Rich Lake is in Lac La Biche County municipal district, and the traffic volume declines to around 800 vpd.[5][18] La Corey, Beaver Crossing are along Highway 55, which is an asphalt highway and has yearly maintenance.[20]

Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan (SK) has six travel corridors of which the Northern Woods and Water Route is the most northerly.

Nipawin on the Saskatchewan River, and near both Tobin Lake and Codette Lake is home to the Northern Woods and Water Route Association.[28][29] West of Nipawin until the SK Hwy 23 intersection the traffic volume remain around 1,300 vpd and following the intersection to the east the traffic falls to about 400 vpd. There are no communities along the SK Hwy 9 route which contributes 40 km (25 mi) to the entire NWWR. At the junction between SK Hwy 55 and Sk hwy 9, the AADT is less than 100 vpd.[22][30]

Manitoba

Travel along the NWWR enters Manitoba via the

Ste. Rose du Lac, a town of about 1,000, is at the intersection of MB PTH 5, MB PTH 68 and MB PR 276. Near this intersection, the traffic volume declines to around 1,800 vpd.[31] At Ste. Rose du Lac, cattle capital of Manitoba, the NWWR continues west on MB PTH 68 and this connector highway will carry the NWWR for 128.2 km (79.7 mi).[38] Shergrove is located close to the turn off north from the easterly direction of MB PTH 68. Ebb and Flow Lake is east of Eddystone which is part of R.M. of Alonsa
. Wapah, another small community, is between Ebb and Flow Lake, and Lake Manitoba. [[Rural Municipality of Siglunes |R.M. of Siglunes]] administrates civic affairs for Vogar which is south of Dog Lake. At Vogar the NWWR returns to an east direction. At Mulvihill the NWWR turns south and the 10.4 km (6.5 mi) concurrency between MB PTH 68 and MB PTH 6 begins.

Riding Mountain National Park

At Eriksdale, MB PTH 68 turns east and the concurrency between MB PTH 68 and MB PTH 6 ends, however the NWWR continues on MB PTH 6 in a southerly direction for the final 135.6 km (84.3 mi) leg of the travel corridor. Deerhorn is found in the R.M. of Eriksdale. The NWWR continues south along PTH 6 and parallel to the eastern shores of Lake Manitoba. Lundar and Clarkleigh are both in R.M. of Coldwell. The unincorporated area of Lundar is at the intersection of MB PR 418 east, PTH 6, and MB PR 419. MB PR 419 west provides access to the Lundar Beach Provincial Park. The hamlet of Clarkleigh is at the intersection of MB PTH 6, and MB PR 229 east. Oakpoint is at the intersection of MB PTH 6, and MB PR 419, and St. Laurent is at MB PTH 6 and MB PR 415.

Winnipeg, Manitoba

The hamlet of Lake Francis is located west of West Shoal Lake. Both Woodlands and Warren are unincorporated areas with small populations below 100 of R.M. of Woodlands. The AADT along the NWWR increases to over 2,500 vpd near these communities.[31] Woodlands is at the intersection of PTH 6 and MB PR 518 and Warren is at MB PTH 67 and MB PTH 6. Grosse Isle is the last hamlet along NWWR before arriving at Perimeter Highway, the PTH 101 around Winnipeg, the ending terminus of the NWWR.[39][40]

History

Boreal forest

The Long Trail followed the Peace River 100 miles (160 km)530 across northern AB. As the flow of traffic increased due to the fur trade industry along the Long Trail, stopping places developed providing rest and food for travelers. In 1923, the three routes out of Lac La Biche were to the west, which corresponds to the route of AB Hwy 55 along the south shores of Lesser Slave Lake. Edmonton or Saddle Lake trail departed to the south, which would be the initial stages of AB Hwy 55 out of Lac La Biche.[41] Heart Lake trail traveled northeast from Lac La Biche, which would form a base for secondary AB Hwy 858. Work was done on the Athabaska Trail to make it passable for motor traffic as many roads had been graded.[42] Before stopping places developed, caches were set up at stopping points along the way.[41] Before the arrival of rails the waterways such as the Lesser Slave Lake near Athabasca, Alberta and the Saskatchewan River near Prince Albert were traversed by long boat, canoe, and steamship.[43] The rail did not reach the northern areas until the early twentieth century due to the geological hurdles of mountains, muskeg, swamp, boreal forest, and river systems to traverse.[41] A huge flood in 1899 near The Pas left no ground to walk upon, yet the railway track construction work began in 1906, with more continuing in 1911.[32] In 1928, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) surveyed their line across the Saskatchewan River near Prince Albert, and contractors started work on the bridge. The upper deck served the train, and the lower deck was built for highway traffic opening for vehicles in 1932.[43] In 1929, travel was overland on trails, and rivers were forded in many places.[44]

As early as 1896 oil wells were drilled at Athabasca supplementing the rich soils and grain growing economy. There was a rush of settlers to the area in the early 20th century, at this time transportation for goods was freighted on Lesser Slave Lake to connecting river routes or via early rail lines overland.[45] Fortune seekers during the gold rush of 1896 traveled north through Edmonton or took the rail as far north as Prince Albert. The westerly route proceeded from Prince Albert to Green Lake, and from there to the Long Trail by following the Beaver River to the Churchill River, Athabaska, Slave and Mackenzie rivers until bearing north following the rivers of the Yukon to Dawson City.[46]

The first garage to service McLaughlin cars opened in High River as early as 1909. In 1912 travelers could stop here at a filling station for their automobiles. This same year the speed limit through town was not over ten miles per hour (16 km/h) and not over five miles per hour (8 km/h) upon approaching another horse or pedestrian, the fine was not more than CA$50.00.[nb 1][47][48][49] [50] The Pas, Manitoba saw its first car arrive in 1916, yet it had been active with fur trading posts and explorers in the area since 1741.

Settlers would not only haul gravel for the new roadways, but they also cleared brush for the road allowance.[51] Early roads did not follow the road allowances of the Dominion Land Survey, but rather kept to higher ground, however due to the nature of the Boreal transition ecoregion, muskegs and swamps still needed to be traversed. The first pioneers filled these watery areas with branches and brush and proceeded along their trip. Later corduroy roads were built across these areas were traffic got mired in the mud. A corduroy road consisted of logs laid across the road as a rail tie is across the rail line, however the logs were placed one against another and mud filled between the logs for a smoother surface. One log provided about 6 inches (15 cm) of roadway, so only the worst areas were constructed in this fashion.[52]

Debden, Saskatchewan had a horse and caboose taxi for settlers as early as 1912 providing regular trips to Prince Albert and taking children to school. In 1945, the taxi service was provided by automobile.[53] Bush planes arrived in the 1920s to the northern bus areas providing communication in an era where travel was limited when the snow fell, or the water froze.[32] In 1968, High Prairie was looking forward to hard surface construction for AB Hwy 2 which would supplement the economic trading base with tourism.[54] A new bridge across the Saskatchewan River at Prince Albert was erected in 1974, and caused re-routing of the highway by one and a half miles (2.4 km).[43] Community groups came together as early as the 1950s to establish a northern travel route.

The early name proposed for these travel corridor was the Northern Yellowhead Transportation Route. The Northern Woods and Water Route Association was established in 1974, their further promotion of the route was to increase tourist travel.[2] George R. Stephenson (1916–2003), of McLennan was one of the first facilitators to organise the Northern Woods and Water Route across Western Canada in 1974.[55] Henry Andres was chairman of the Northern Woods and Water Association for eight years wherein the association worked on placing NWWR signs both on provincial highways and maps. Brochures promoting tourism were printed, and the association sponsored more than five cavalcades where wagons would traverse the route between Winnipeg and Dawson Creek promoting tourism and the creation of the travel corridor. On August 21, 1975, one of these Northern Woods and Water Cavalcades stopped at Nipawin Regional Park and toured Nipawin.[43]: 304 

Current engineering concerns would be to determine maintenance of the current travel corridor and construction upgrades. The route does contain a variety of road surfaces ranging from

Nipawin and the Manitoba border.[2][58] Here the traffic volume declines to 80 and 85 vpd and two checkpoints near the Manitoba border.[22][59]

Major intersections

ProvinceLocationkmmiDestinationsNotes
Grande Prairie, Edmonton, Prince George, Fort St. John
NWWR follows Hwy 49
British Columbia – Alberta border15.49.6
Grande Prairie
Hwy 49 east – Donnelly
NWWR follows Hwy 2 north; alternate route via Hwy 49 east
Dunvegan124.077.1Dunvegan Bridge crosses the Peace River
​137.985.7
Hines Creek, Fort St. John
Hines Creek, Fort St. John
Grimshaw207.4128.9 Hwy 2A east – Peace River (alternate route)
​212.0131.7
High Level
220.2136.8 Hwy 2A west – Grimshaw (alternate route)
Peace River231.1143.6Peace River Bridge crosses the Peace River
Falher, Rycroft
NWWR alternate route via Hwy 49 west
near High Prairie343.6213.5 Hwy 2A west – Valleyview
near
Swan Hills
Fort Vermilion
​527.0327.5Crosses the Athabasca River
530.2329.5 Hwy 2A north – Smith
533.4331.4
Edmonton
Edmonton
NWWR follows Hwy 55 east
​637.1395.9
Edmonton
West end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 63 concurrency
659.9410.0
Fort McMurray
East end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 63 concurrency
Fort McMurray
West end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 36 concurrency
​719.3447.0 Hwy 36 south – Ashmont, Two HillsEast end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 36 concurrency
Bonnyville
Cold Lake844.6524.8 Hwy 28 east – Cold Lake (lake)West end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 28 concurrency
​854.7531.1
Edmonton
East end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 28 concurrency
Alberta – Saskatchewan border868.3539.5
Pierceland
883.9549.2 Hwy 21 – Meadow Lake Provincial Park, Paradise Hill
near
Goodsoil
920.2571.8 Hwy 26 – Meadow Lake Provincial ParkWest end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 26 concurrency
921.6572.7 Hwy 26 south – St. WalburgEast end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 26 concurrency
​979.3608.5 Hwy 4 north – Meadow Lake Provincial ParkWest end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 4 concurrency
The Battlefords
East end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 4 concurrency
La Loche
The Battlefords
West end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 3 concurrency
Saskatoon
East end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 3 concurrency
Meath Park1,286.6799.5 Hwy 120 north – Creighton
Smeaton1,323.0822.1 Hwy 106 north (Hansen Lake Road) – Creighton, Flin FlonAlternate route via Hwy 106 north
Choiceland
1,344.2835.2 Hwy 6 south – Melfort, Regina
White Fox1,373.3853.3 Hwy 35 north – Tobin Lake (west/north shores)West end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 35 concurrency
​1,381.1858.2Nipawin Bridge crosses the Saskatchewan River
Nipawin
1,385.2860.7 Hwy 35 south – TisdaleEast end of Hwy 55 / Hwy 35 concurrency
​1,413.4878.2 Hwy 23 south – Carrot River
1,414.0878.6 Hwy 123 north – Cumberland House
1,518.4943.5 Hwy 9 south – Hudson BayHwy 55 eastern terminus; NWWR follows Hwy 9 east
Saskatchewan – Manitoba border1,558.3968.3
Flin Flon
PR 283 eastern terminus; NWWR follows PTH 10 south;
alternate route via PTH 10 north
​1,671.31,038.5 PTH 60 east – Easterville, Grand Rapids
1,750.21,087.5
Hudson Bay
1,823.21,132.9
PTH 10A south – Swan River
PTH 10A north / PTH 83A
south (Main Street E)
Cowan1,873.41,164.1 PTH 20 / PTH 10 south – DauphinPTH 20 northern terminus; NWWR follows PTH 20 south;
alternate route via PTH 10 south
near Winnipegosis1,973.61,226.3 PR 269 west – EthelbertAlternate route via PR 269 west
Dauphin2,016.21,252.8 PTH 20A south (River Avenue E)
2,017.81,253.8 PTH 20A north (1st Avenue NE)
Ochre River2,042.41,269.1 PTH 5 west – DauphinPTH 20 southern terminus; NWWR follows PTH 5 east
Neepawa
PTH 68 western terminus; NWRR follows PTH 68 east
The Narrows2,130.31,323.7Crosses Lake Manitoba
​2,188.71,360.0
Ashern, Thompson
North end of PTH 6 / PTH 68 concurrency
Eriksdale2,199.31,366.6 PTH 68 east – ArborgSouth end of PTH 6 / PTH 68 concurrency; NWRR follows PTH 6 south
Warren2,299.01,428.5 PTH 67 east – Stonewall
Winnipeg
2,321.31,442.4 PTH 101 (Perimeter Highway)
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

Notes

  1. ^ CA$50,00 from 1912 is equivalent to $1,600 in present day terms.

References

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