Norway–United Kingdom relations
Norway |
United Kingdom |
---|---|
Diplomatic mission | |
Embassy of Norway, London | Embassy of the United Kingdom, Oslo |
Norway–United Kingdom relations are foreign relations between
History
Historical connections
Vikings of Norwegian stock particularly settled in certain areas of modern-day Scotland and Northern England, and to this day many people in these areas carry surnames derived from Old Norse words, such as Ainscough, or are of partial Norwegian descent.
In England, Norwegian Vikings began to arrive along the coast of the North West after being driven out of Ireland around the early tenth century. They are principally known for settling in
In Scotland, the islands of Shetland and Orkney have longstanding historical and cultural connections with Norway.
1900s
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after
With Norway's complete independence from Sweden, the question arose as to a
During World War I, Norway was neutral. However, due to largely favouring the British over the Germans, Norway came to be known as The Neutral Ally.
World War II
During
Each year for the last sixty years, Newcastle upon Tyne has received a Christmas tree as a gift from the people of Bergen, one of Newcastle's twin cities. The impressive Norwegian spruce, standing at 45 feet tall, was personally felled by Gunnar Bakke who has been the Mayor of Bergen since September 2007. Each year the tree is decorated in traditional Norwegian white lights and is a symbol of peace and goodwill. The people of Norway also send a tree to the town of
Brexit
In January 2020, with the imminent departure of Britain from the European Union, Norway and the UK signed an exclusive Brexit agreement between the two countries that would aim to maintain existing guarantees for citizens of either.[16]
In April 2021, negotiations on a bilateral agreement on fishing rights failed to reach an agreement.[17][18]
In June 2021, the two countries signed a trade deal.[19]
Modern Day
After the English town of
Norway and the U.K. share mutual border boundary lines in Antarctica, and mutually recognise each other's claims as well as those of Australia, France and New Zealand.
Both countries are full members of NATO and of the Council of Europe. There are around 18,000 Norwegians living in the United Kingdom and around 13,395 British people living in Norway.[21] British people are one of the largest immigrant groups in many cities. The cities with the most Britons are Oslo (2,535), Stavanger (1,542), Bergen (1,014), Bærum (716), Trondheim (360), Asker (307), Kristiansand (238), Drammen (144) and Fredrikstad (111).[22]
Economic relations
On 4 January 1960, Norway and the United Kingdom becamde founding members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA); the UK left the EFTA to join the European Economic Community (EEC) on 31 December 1972.[23][24] Following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, the UK signed a continuity trade agreement with Norway, as well as Iceland.[25][26][27] On 8 July 2021, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and the United Kingdom signed a modernised free trade agreement; the agreement expanded to cover services in addition to goods.[28][29]
Military relations
The
Twinnings
- Alnwick, Northumberland and Time, Rogaland
- Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire and Stavanger, Rogaland
- Barnstaple, Devon and Harstad, Troms
- Burntisland, Fife and Flekkefjord, Agder
- Dunfermline, Fife and Trondheim, Trøndelag
- Lerwick, Shetland and Måløy, Vestland
- Newcastle, Tyne and Wear and Bergen, Vestland
- Orkney and Hordaland
- Peterhead, Aberdeenshire and Ålesund, Møre og Romsdal
Gallery
- Gallery
-
The British embassy in Oslo
-
A nearer picture of the Norwegian stone in Hyde Park
-
The similar Norwegian stone in Princes Street Gardens, Edinburgh
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Plaque in Harwich thanking the Norwegian government for the building of new homes
-
The Norwegian seaman's church in Rotherhithe, London.
See also
- Foreign relations of Norway
- Foreign relations of the United Kingdom
- List of diplomats from the United Kingdom to Norway
- Trafalgar Square Christmas tree
- Anglo-Norse Society in London
- Gunboat War
References
- ^ "Bilateral Relations". Norgesportalen. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
- ^ "UK-Norway deal comes into effect". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
- ^ "Norway, UK to Donate Nano Drones to Ukraine". The Defense Post. 2022-08-25. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
- ^ "UK and allies agree expanded International Fund for Ukraine support". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
- ^ "Early medieval Chester 400-1230 | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
- ^ "North Meols and the Scandinavian settlement of Lancashire". May 23, 2014.
- ^ Visiter, Southport (January 12, 2011). "New book shows Vikings still alive in West Lancashire". southportvisiter.
- ^ http://www.martlet-books.co.uk/user/image/lonsdaletrail.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Medieval Wigan". www.wiganarchsoc.co.uk.
- ^ "Cheshire Viking History - CheshireTrove". www.cheshiretrove.com.
- ^ "The days when Vikings and Romans lived here - Lancashire Evening Post". Archived from the original on 2018-07-28. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
- ISBN 9781434667700.
- ^ "History of Cumbria". www.english-lakes.com.
- ^ British Embassy Oslo. "Oslo's Christmas tree gift to Trafalgar Square". GOV.UK. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
- ^ "Festive cheer as giant Christmas tree from Norway arrives at Grimsby docks". Grimsby Telegraph. 6 November 2014. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
- ^ "Norway, UK sign own Brexit deal". www.newsinenglish.no. 28 January 2020.
- ^ "UK and Norway fail to reach fishing deal". BBC News. 30 April 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ O'Carroll, Lisa (1 May 2021). "Brexit: failure to secure UK-Norway fishing deal a 'disaster' for sector". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ "Brexit: UK announces trade deal with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein". BBC News. 4 June 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
- ^ "Norway's lasting gift after floods". Harwich and Manningtree Standard. 14 January 2015.
- ^ "Table 1 Population 1 January 2010 and 2011 and changes in 2010, by immigration category and country background. Absolute numbers". www.ssb.no.
- ^ "Table 10 Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by country of birth, (the 20 largest groups). Selected municipalities. 1 January 2011". www.ssb.no.
- ^ "European Free Trade Association (EFTA)". EUR-Lex. 31 December 2020.
- ^ "European Free Trade Association (EFTA)". World Trade Organization. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ^ "United Kingdom, Norway and Iceland sign trade continuity agreement". GOV.UK. 8 December 2020. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "UK, Norway and Iceland sign trade continuity deal". Reuters. 8 December 2020. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "United Kingdom - Norway and Iceland". World Trade Organization. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "United Kingdom signs free trade deal with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein". GOV.UK. 8 July 2021. Archived from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Brexit: UK announces trade deal with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein". BBC News. 4 June 2021. Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ Williamson, Gavin (September 30, 2018). "Defence Secretary announces new Defence Arctic Strategy". Government Digital Service. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018.
- Jane's Information Group. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
Further reading
- Almlid, Geir K. Britain and Norway in Europe Since 1945: Outsiders (Springer Nature, 2020).
- Barnes, Richard. "United Kingdom/Norway: Framework Agreement on Fisheries between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Kingdom of Norway." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 36.1 (2021): 155-164.
- Garau, Salvatore. Fascism and Ideology: Italy, Britain, and Norway (Routledge, 2015) online.
- Lucas, Colin. "Great Britain and the Union of Norway and Sweden." Scandinavian Journal of History 15.3-4 (1990): 269-278.
- Nelsen, Brent F. "Explaining Petroleum Policy in Britain and Norway, 1962‐90." Scandinavian political studies 15.4 (1992): 307-328. online
- Riste, Olav. "Britain and Norway: from War to Cold War, 1944–1951." Scandinavian journal of history 37.2 (2012): 164-170.
- Wilkins, William Henry. A Queen of Tears: Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark and Norway and Princess of Great Britain and Ireland (Longmans, Green, and Company, 1904) online.