Norwegian Air Shuttle
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Founded | 22 January 1993 | ||||||
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AOC # | NO.AOC.028 (1993–2021) NO.AOC.090 (2021) | ||||||
Operating bases | |||||||
Frequent-flyer program | Norwegian Reward | ||||||
Subsidiaries |
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Fleet size | 129 (including subsidiaries) | ||||||
Destinations | 105[1] | ||||||
Traded as | OSE: NAS | ||||||
Headquarters | "Diamanten" Fornebu, Norway | ||||||
Key people | Geir Karlsen (CEO) Svein Harald Øygard (Chairperson) | ||||||
Revenue | $1.96 billion[2] (2022) | ||||||
Operating income | $156 million[2] (2022) | ||||||
Net income | $105 million[2] (2022) | ||||||
Total assets | $2.36 billion[2] (2022) | ||||||
Total equity | $437 million[2] (2022) | ||||||
Website | norwegian |
Norwegian Air Shuttle
Norwegian's flights are operated by itself and Norwegian Air Sweden, a fully owned subsidiary. Each airline holds a unique air operator's certificate (AOC) but shares branding, corporate identity, and commercial functions.
Until December 2019, Norwegian also owned and operated Norwegian Air Argentina, which operated domestic flights within the country.
Until January 2021, Norwegian's former long-haul subsidiaries Norwegian Air UK and Norwegian Long Haul operated long-haul flights on behalf of the company, after which both subsidiaries were put into liquidation when long-haul operations were ended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Until April 2021, Norwegian utilised Ireland-based Norwegian Air International for European-based operations outside of Norway or Sweden.
On 18 December 2023, Norwegian Air Norway returned their only aircraft back to Norwegian Air Shuttle, and as such, was integrated back into them.
History
1993–2001: Beginnings as a regional airline
Norwegian Air Shuttle (NAS) was founded on 22 January 1993 to take over the
From 1 April 1994, the airline also began service from Bergen to Ålesund Airport, Vigra.[7] In 1995, the company received its fourth Fokker 50s, and had a revenue of NOK 86.6 million and a profit of NOK 2.9 million. It flew 50 daily services.[8]
By 1999, the company had six Fokker 50s and flew 500,000 passengers on 20,000 flights.
2002–2009: Emergence as a low-cost carrier
On 7 January 2002, NAS took over the route from Stavanger to Newcastle, flying two round trips per day; this was the first route on which the airline did not wet lease the aircraft to Braathens, but operated the route in its own right. After Braathens was bought by
The airline opened its second hub at
On 30 August 2007, Norwegian ordered 42 new Boeing 737-800 aircraft, with options for 42 more, an order worth US$3.1 billion.[15] This order was later increased by six aircraft in November 2009. In July 2010 15 of the options were converted to orders, and in June 2011 15 more options were converted, bringing the total order of new, owned 737-800s to 78 aircraft with 12 remaining options. Additionally, Norwegian introduced leased Boeing 737-800 aircraft into the fleet. The first leased 737-800 arrived at Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, Norway, on 26 January 2008.[16]
In April 2010, Norwegian started flights from
2010–2017: Rapid expansion, and long-haul operations
In October 2009, Norwegian had announced that it intended to start flights from Oslo to New York City and Bangkok, for which new intercontinental aircraft were required. In 2010, it said it was considering up to 15 intercontinental destinations from Scandinavia, and would also consider services to South America and Africa.[19] On 8 November 2010, Norwegian announced that it had contracted to lease two new Boeing 787 Dreamliners with delivery in 2012; and that it was negotiating the leasing of additional aircraft.[20]
On 25 January 2012, Norwegian announced the largest orders of aircraft in European history. The orders consisted of 22 Boeing 737-800 and 100
In 2016 Norwegian won its first charter contract in the United States, flying three Boeing 737-800s out of
By February 2017, Norwegian had expanded to the point that it became Scandinavia's largest airline.
2018–2021: Restructuring and changes in strategy
To finance its aggressive growth involving the inauguration of many new routes, the hiring and training of new employees, and the accepting of aircraft deliveries, Norwegian sold some of its shares in Bank Norwegian in June and December 2017, and participated in the sale and leaseback of its owned aircraft.[28]
Norwegian changed its strategy from growth to profitability in 2018,
2020: COVID-19 pandemic and seeking of government aid
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted Norwegian's finances and operations, and its value on the open market dropped nearly 80% in the weeks leading up to Black Thursday.[36] On 16 March 2020, the airline announced it was cancelling 85% of its flights and laying off 7,300 workers.[37] On 20 April 2020, the airline reported the bankruptcy of various staffing subsidiaries and the termination of agreements with OSM Aviation, each of which were responsible for staffing the airline's flights from its crew bases outside of Norway, France, and Italy, affecting 4,700 workers.[38]
On 27 April 2020, Norwegian outlined its plans to qualify for a governmental loan from the Norwegian state, including the conversion of its debt and leasing commitments to equity, its intention to reduce its active fleet to seven Boeing 737-800 aircraft operating solely on domestic routes within Norway, and to postpone operations outside of Norway (including to the rest of Europe and intercontinental long-haul flights) until March 2021. The airline presented these plans as creating a "New Norwegian", further planning to reinstate additional aircraft and operations as demand would allow, and to ultimately operate between 110 and 120 aircraft, down from the 160+ aircraft it operated before the crisis.[39] Shares in the airline continued to decrease in value in anticipation of the airline converting its debt to equity, which occurred on 20 May 2020, resulting in companies leasing aircraft to the airline (including AerCap and BOC Aviation) becoming the airline's largest shareholders.[40][41][42]
On 17 June 2020, Norwegian began adding additional flights for the month of July from Norway to Denmark and Sweden, as well as from Scandinavia to other European countries including Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the UK among others as demand recovered and countries reopened.[43][44] On 29 June 2020, the airline announced it had cancelled all of its remaining orders from Boeing, consisting of 92 Boeing 737 MAXs, five Boeing 787s, and service agreements related to both aircraft types.[45]
After receiving aid from the Norwegian government, Norwegian had also sought a credit guarantee for a loan through the Swedish government, which the government described as being eligible for airlines with a Swedish operating permit and its main operations or headquarters in Sweden through the start of 2020.[46] The Swedish government had allocated a total of 5 billion SEK in credit guarantees for potential candidate airlines, intending the candidates to be financially viable and essential to the Swedish aviation infrastructure, and noted that it had allocated 1.5 billion SEK to Scandinavian Airlines, which is headquartered in Sweden.[46] While Norwegian through itself and its subsidiary Norwegian Air Sweden collectively had a Swedish air operator's certificate (and through it, aircraft registered on the Swedish registry), as well as operations based in Sweden, the airline's application for a credit guarantee was denied by the Swedish government in August 2020; the government claiming that the airline had not been financially viable as of 31 December 2019, before the pandemic.[47] Also in August 2020, Norwegian warned that the company would run out of cash by the first quarter of 2021 if it had not received further funding. In November 2020, the Norwegian government stated it would not extend further government aid to the airline, amidst fears the airline would use the funding to grow its operations that were based outside of Norway.[48] On 18 November 2020, Norwegian sought for bankruptcy protection in Ireland, where most of its remaining fleet was held,[49][50] in an attempt to restructure the organization which was expected to last five months.[51] During part of this period, Norwegian once again reduced its network to mostly domestic operations within Norway with an active fleet of eight Boeing 737-800s.[52]
2021: Reduction of fleet and closure of long-haul operations
In 2021 restructuring continued in order to formulate a sustainable business plan that would allow the airline to both receive further governmental aid and investment from private enterprise. In January 2021, Norwegian and its subsidiaries began to reduce their fleets by returning several aircraft, including long-haul
To further simplify and streamline its operations, Norwegian retired its Irish AOC held by Norwegian Air International, and began the process of reregistering NAI's remaining Irish-registered fleet to Norway and the transferral of its EU-based flight and base operations to Norwegian Air Sweden in mid-April 2021.[60] Norwegian's plans also included the operation of 50 Boeing 737-800s during 2021 in order to operate a single fleet type, to later increase to 68 aircraft in 2022, consisting of 40 based in Norway and the remaining 28 to be based elsewhere in Europe. Despite previously stating that its Boeing 737 MAX operations would not resume and that its Airbus A320neo family orders were cancelled, its plans acknowledged the possible returns of the 737 MAX and A320neo.
In April 2021, Norwegian announced plans to lay off 85 percent of its staff based in Spain due to the closure of all Spanish bases formerly operated by the defunct Norwegian Air International, except Alicante and Málaga which would be kept by Norwegian Air Sweden.[61] In May 2021, Norwegian exited bankruptcy protection and its Irish examinership with the completion of its restructuring, following no objections from either of the high courts based in Ireland and Norway.[62][63]
2021–present: Post-restructuring
Following Norwegian's emergence from bankruptcy protection and restructuring, the airline's board of directors fired CEO Jacob Schram, promoting CFO Geir Karlsen to CEO.
In 2023, Norwegian announced about the acqusition of Widerøe, the largest regional carrier in Norway, for 1,125 million kr (roughly €100 million). In December, the NCA greenlighted the purchase.[71] The acquisition was completed in January 2024.[72]
Corporate affairs
Ownership and structure
Shares of the parent company, Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA, are listed on Oslo Børs (Oslo Stock Exchange) with the ticker symbol NAS and are included in the benchmark index OBX, composed of the 25 most liquid shares on the Børs.[73] Before the May 2020 recapitalization, the largest shareholder was HBK Holding AS (4.64% of shares as of 3 April 2020), whose majority owner is Bjørn Kjos, founder of the company.[73] After the emission of new shares to its previous creditors, its largest owners were AerCap (15.9% of the capital) and BOC Aviation (12.7%).[74]
The Norwegian Group consists of the parent company and its directly or indirectly owned subsidiaries in Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.[73] The parent company also owns 100% of the telephone company Call Norwegian AS, and 99.9% of NAS Asset Management, which owns the 737-800 aircraft purchased from Boeing. Norwegian is also a member of Airlines for Europe.[75]
Business trends
The key trends for the Norwegian Group over recent years are shown below (as at year ending 31 December):
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turnover (MNOK) | 7,309 | 8,598 | 10,532 | 12,859 | 15,580 | 19,540 | 22,491 | 26,055 | 30,948 | 40,266 | 43,522 | 9,096 | 5,068 | 18,869 |
Profit ( EBT ) (MNOK)
|
623 | 243 | 167 | 623 | 437 | −1,627 | 75 | 1,508 | −2,562 | −2,490 | −1,688 | −22,133 | 1,876 | 1,046 |
Net profit (MNOK) | 446 | 189 | 122 | 475 | 319 | 1,072 | 246 | 1,135 | −1,794 | −1,454 | −1,609 | −23,040 | 1,871 | 1,005 |
Number of employees (FTE at y/end) | 1,852 | 2,211 | 2,555 | 2,890 | 3,738 | 4,314 | 4,576 | 5,796 | 7,845 | 10,215 | 9,389 | 6,365 | 3,319 | 3,871 |
Number of passengers (m) | 10.8 | 13.0 | 15.7 | 17.7 | 20.7 | 24.0 | 25.8 | 29.3 | 33.2 | 37.3 | 36.2 | 6.87 | 6.2 | 17.8 |
Passenger load factor (%) | 78.2 | 77.4 | 79.3 | 78.5 | 78.3 | 80.9 | 86.2 | 87.7 | 87.5 | 85.8 | 86.6 | 75.2 | 72.8 | 83.1 |
Revenue/ASK (RASK) | 0.47 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.56 |
Unit cost (CASK) | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.71 |
Number of aircraft (at year end) | 46 | 57 | 62 | 68 | 85 | 95 | 99 | 118 | 144 | 165 | 156 | 131 | 51 | 70 |
Notes/sources | [76] | [77] | [76] | [78] | [79] | [80] | [81] | [82] | [83] | [73] | [84] | [85] | [86] | [87] |
Management
The company is headed by
Air operator's certificates
Norwegian Air Shuttle and its integrated subsidiaries, which together form Norwegian Group, each hold their own air operator's certificate (AOC). Over the airline group's history, it has collectively held multiple AOCs in various countries for the operation of its flights, beginning with the acquisition of Swedish airline FlyNordic in 2008, and later setting up subsidiary airlines in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Argentina in order to access traffic rights and freedoms in countries beyond Norway.[90] By 2021, the airline group had since reduced its AOCs to certificates registered in Norway and Sweden, held by Norwegian Air Shuttle and Norwegian Air Sweden respectively.[60]
Head office
The company's head office is in Diamanten, an office building at Fornebu, Bærum outside Oslo.[91] Previously, the airline had its head office functions inside other buildings in Fornebu,[92] but in 2010 moved to Diamanten, which had been the former Braathens, and later SAS Norway, head office.[91]
Philanthropy
Since 2007, Norwegian has been a signature partner with UNICEF Norway and has operated four aid flights to various war-torn countries in the world. These are flights for which the company, its employees and passengers contribute money to fill an aircraft with aid and deliver the aid to the country in need. Passengers can contribute when they purchase tickets, food and drinks, or through the entertainment system on board. Initially, the airline used one of its Boeing 737-300 or Boeing 737-800 aircraft in a special UNICEF livery, but in 2017 for the first time the airline used a Boeing 787-9, in its mission to Yemen.[93] In 2018, the airline cooperated with MegaDo and Insideflyer, auctioning off seats for these special flights with all proceeds donated to UNICEF.[94]
Norwegian and
Destinations
Norwegian Air Shuttle serves destinations throughout Europe and North Africa for both business and leisure markets. Combined with its integrated subsidiaries that operate additional short-haul flights, the airline flies to 104 destinations as of January 2021.[96]
Domestic, intra-Nordic and typical European business and leisure destinations have the most flights. The busiest routes in Norwegian's network are the Oslo to Bergen and the Oslo to Trondheim routes with 15 daily round-trips. Norwegian's largest non-Scandinavian operation is to London Gatwick with up to 24 daily round-trips. Intra-Scandinavian routes, and in particular on "the capital triangle" between Oslo, Stockholm and Copenhagen, are attractive due to extensive traffic for both business and leisure travellers. Other modes of transportation between these cities are generally slow.[97]
Long-haul operations
Following Norwegian's announcement in 2009 that it would enter the long-haul market, Norwegian subsequently launched long-haul flights on 30 May 2013, which initially consisted of flights from Oslo and Stockholm to Bangkok and New York City.[98] The flights, which were operated by a new subsidiary Norwegian Long Haul, originally launched with wet-leased Airbus A340-300 aircraft while the deliveries of the airline's Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft were delayed. Over the next several years, Norwegian's long-haul operations with its Boeing 787s expanded to other European countries in addition to Scandinavia, with its route network eventually consisting of flights to Asia and the Americas from Europe. A new subsidiary, Norwegian Air UK, was also established to operate long-haul flights at Norwegian's London Gatwick base.
Norwegian also launched long-haul flights using Boeing 737s between Europe and North America in 2017, initially with
On-Time Performance
Norwegian Air Shuttle was Europe's most on-time airline in October 2023. Cirium identified its on-time performance rate at 86.10%.[100]
Fleet
Norwegian Air Shuttle fleet
As of January 2024[update], the Norwegian Air Shuttle fleet, including integrated subsidiaries, consists of the following aircraft:[101][102]
Aircraft | In service | Orders | Passengers | Operator | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boeing 737-800
|
62 | 36 | — | 186/189[103] | Norwegian Air Shuttle | |
26 | Norwegian Air Sweden | |||||
Boeing 737 MAX 8 | 20 | 6 | 48[68][69][70] | 189[104] | Norwegian Air Shuttle | Order with 30 additional options.[70] |
14 | Norwegian Air Sweden | |||||
Total | 82 | 48 |
Historical fleet
Norwegian and its integrated subsidiaries have previously operated the following aircraft:[105][106][107]
Aircraft | Total | Introduced | Retired | Notes | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boeing 737-300
|
28 | 2002 | 2015 | [108] | |
Boeing 737-500
|
1 | 2002 | 2003 | [108][109] | |
Boeing 787-8
|
8 | 2013 | 2021 | [55] | |
Boeing 787-9
|
29 | 2016 | 2021 | ||
Fokker 50 | 6 | 1993 | 2004 | [110] | |
McDonnell Douglas MD-82
|
5 | 2007 | 2009 | Transferred from FlyNordic | [111] |
McDonnell Douglas MD-83
|
3 | 2008 | 2009 |
Fleet development
From 1993 to 2002, the company solely operated Fokker 50 turbo-prop aircraft primarily as a commuter airline, having a total fleet of six by 2002. The company ceased all Fokker 50 operations at the end of 2003 to focus on Boeing 737-300 jet operations.[110] For a limited period in the early years of the 737 operations, Norwegian operated a Boeing 737-500 as an interim solution while waiting for 737-300 deliveries.[109] Following the acquisition of Swedish low-cost airline FlyNordic in 2007, Norwegian inherited eight McDonnell Douglas MD-80 series aircraft.[111] The last of the MD-80 aircraft was phased out two years later.[111]
Livery
Norwegian's aircraft livery is white with a signal red nose and a dark blue stripe, the same colours as the flag of Norway. The vertical stabilizer or tailfin is painted with a red tip and a dark blue stripe underneath containing the airline's website, with the rest of the talfin either blank white, or featuring depictions of historically significant individuals from across Europe and the Americas.[112] Special liveries featured on Norwegian's aircraft include or previously included promotional liveries for the insurance company Silver,[113] Norwegian's partnership with UNICEF, Network Norway, and the airline's frequent-flyer program Norwegian Reward.
Services
Norwegian's Boeing 737s are configured in an all-economy class layout consisting of 186 or 189 seats in a 3–3 configuration. The airline offers
Frequent-flyer program
The airline runs a
Concerns and conflicts
Customer services
It was reported in 2014 that Norwegian Air customers had lodged a record number of
Labour relations
Between 2011 and 2013, Norwegian Air Shuttle (NAS) was criticized regarding its treatment of employees.
The media first reported NAS's announced intention to open a base in Helsinki, from where it hired pilots on short-term contracts in Estonia rather than as employees within the company. The Norwegian tax-office authorities reportedly suspected in August 2012 that many Norwegian citizens were working for NAS on these contracts and not paying Norwegian taxes, despite operating on flights originating from Norway.[124][125] The Norwegian Pilot's Union (NPU) took NAS to court over the short-term contracts. Then-CEO Bjørn Kjos appeared to inflame matters when he declared that NAS would no longer hire employees on Norwegian terms.[126][127]
In 2012, NAS started to use contract-employed pilots on routes within Scandinavia, considered by the NPU to be an abrogation of labor terms regarding non-Scandinavian pilots on routes within Scandinavia. The NPU soon after sued NAS.[128]
In October 2013, the NPU announced its intention to strike because NAS had forced its pilots to face dismissal or transfer to Norwegian Air Norway or Norwegian Air Resources AB, both subsidiaries of NAS; the respective subsidiary would then hire the pilots back to NAS. The NPU and its Swedish counterpart SPF accused NAS of using this ploy to break the solidarity and organisation of the pilots, with the eventual goal of coercing pilots to convert their jobs to contract positions.[129][130]
In mid-December 2013, NAS demanded that its Swedish non-contract flight attendants transfer to Proffice Aviation, an external staffing company, or face dismissal. According to the Swedish cabin-crew union, Unionen, it managed to save the jobs of 53 NAS employees, but it was dissatisfied with the direction NAS had taken. The situation led to the leader for the Swedish Left Party, Jonas Sjöstedt, to state that stricter regulation was needed for the use of staffing-companies in Sweden.[131]
Norwegian Long Haul
Norwegian Long Haul was criticized for the terms of its contracts with its long-haul flight attendants on contracts based in Thailand.
Accidents and incidents
- A Norwegian Boeing 737 MAX suffered an unspecified technical failure over Iran on 14 December 2018.Shiraz Shahid Dastgheib International Airport without incident. Spare parts required to make the aircraft airworthy were not available outside the United States, which had prohibited exports of technology to Iran. Two months later, the almost-brand-new aircraft was still stranded in Shiraz and subject to seizure by the Iranian government.[136] On 22 February 2019 the aircraft flew from Shiraz to Stockholm after it had been stranded for 70 days.[citation needed]
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Consolidated AOC-structure with one EU and one Norwegian AOC with full flexibility on crew and clear accountability
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Norwegian Air Sweden AOC has assumed twenty-three ex-Norwegian Air Sweden B737-800s.
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External links
Media related to Norwegian Air Shuttle at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website (in Norwegian)
- Official website (in English)
- Official website in the United States (in English)
- Official website in the UK (in English)