Nova (Richard Rider)
Nova | |
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Notable aliases | Nova Prime Kid Nova Nova #11249-44396 the Human Rocket Quasar |
Abilities |
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Nova (Richard Rider) is a character appearing in
Publication history
The character was created in 1966 by writer Marv Wolfman in issue #3 of his fanzine Super Adventures. Then known as the Star, he was an alien doctor named Denteen who found a spaceship containing pills which gave him a different superhuman power every five minutes. In issue #6, Wolfman and writer Len Wein reimagined the character, now a prisoner named Kraken Roo who turns out to become the superhero Black Nova. Years later, Wolfman (working for Marvel Comics) and artist John Romita Sr. tweaked the design of the character's uniform and created a new origin story.[1]
Nova debuted in The Man Called Nova #1 (Sept. 1976), written by Wolfman and drawn by John Buscema.[2] Wolfman intended the teenage character to be an homage to Stan Lee and Steve Ditko's Spider-Man, down to his humble working-class roots and alliterative alter-ego.[3] The original series lasted 25 issues from September 1976 to May 1979. Dangling plot lines were resolved in issues #206-214 of Fantastic Four (also by Wolfman) and issue #24 of Rom: Spaceknight. The character then disappeared into obscurity until returning as a member of the original New Warriors team debuting in The Mighty Thor #411 (December 1989), and continuing through The New Warriors #1-75 and Annuals #1-4 (July 1990—September 1996).
Following two subsequent Nova titles, Nova (vol. 2) #1-18 (Jan. 1994-June 1995) and Nova the Human Rocket (vol. 3) #1-7 (May.-Nov. 1999), Nova would return in The New Warriors (vol. 2) #0-10 (Oct. 1999—July 2000) and New Warriors (vol. 3) #1-6 (July 2005-Dec. 2005). After a four-issue miniseries titled Annihilation: Nova and a leading role in Annihilation #1-6, Nova (vol. 4) ran for 36 issues (April 2007-April 2010).[4][5] This series tied into Annihilation: Conquest, Secret Invasion, and War of Kings. After the cancellation of Nova (vol. 4), some remaining plot threads were addressed in The Thanos Imperative, a six-issue miniseries with two bookend one-shots (May 2010-Feb. 2011).
Nova appeared as a member of the Secret Avengers during the first four issues of that team's eponymous series (May - Aug. 2010).[6]
Nova appears in a Guardians of the Galaxy storyline running from August to October 2014, an Original Sin tie-in featuring a flashback to events immediately following The Thanos Imperative.[7]
Fictional character biography
Original series
When the last surviving member of the planet
Rider discovers Dey's spaceship orbiting Earth and uses it to journey to Xandar with
The New Warriors
Upon his return to Earth, Rider struggles to readjust due to his failure to complete high school. Unknown to him, the planet Xandar is utterly destroyed in an attack by the space pirate
Rider encounters
Assigned to Earth, Rider is confronted with the challenge of balancing dual lives as a member of both the Nova Corps and the New Warriors. Rider encounters a Nova Corps member from an alternate timeline named Nova 0:0,[23] who prepares him to stop the Deathstorm, which is coming to destroy Earth. Because Rider defies Xandar's Queen Adora to stop the Deathstorm,[24] he is temporarily stripped of his powers and rank,[25] but is given back his powers when his replacement sacrifices himself.[26]
Annihilation
Nova briefly travels the U.S. with the reformed New Warriors as part of a reality television show.[27] Rider leaves the group when he is summoned to Xandar alongside the entire Nova Corps, which has been fully mobilized to respond to the Annihilation Wave, a force from the Negative Zone led by Annihilus. The wave decimates Xandar and the corps in a surprise attack.[28] As the only surviving centurion, Rider makes contact with the Xandarian Worldmind, a living supercomputer that regulates the Nova Force and is caretaker of the entire database of Xandarian civilization. The Worldmind uploads itself and the entire Nova Force into Rider, greatly enhancing his abilities.[29] During the Annihilation War, Rider takes command of the United Front, a loose collaboration of soldiers. In a nearly year-long campaign, Rider resists the Wave's advance across the galaxy until the United Front suffers a swift defeat. He leads a small team into the Wave's conquered territory and eventually engages Annihilus in personal combat, killing him.[30]
After the Annihilation War, Rider returns to Earth to rest. However, finding out that his pleas for help in the Annihilation War were ignored by Earth's superheroes because of a Civil War, and meeting Penance - his old friend Speedball, who was mentally scarred by the events leading up to said war - Rider returns to space, feeling out of place on Earth and disturbed by what Penance had become.[31]
Post-Annihilation
Attempting to aid the
When ambushed by
Rider learns that the Worldmind has been recruiting members for the Corps without telling him. When he learns that Ego the Living Planet is among the new recruits,[40] he becomes enraged and tries to battle Worldmind. As a result, he is stripped of his rank and ejected from the Nova Corps.[14] Because his body has become dependent on the Nova Force, Rider will die if he is without it for too long.[41] As a temporary measure, he borrows the quantum bands from Wendell Vaughn and becomes Quasar.[42] Using his new abilities, Rider rescues the Corps from the War of Kings. Ego is removed as a Centurion and Rider regains his Nova Prime status, but not before most of the new recruits are slaughtered by the Shi'ar Imperial Guard. Nova agrees to train the remaining new Centurions, including his younger brother Robert.[43]
Nova is recruited for the Secret Avengers by Steve Rogers and sent to Mars to investigate Roxxon's operations on that planet. While there, Rider discovers a second Serpent Crown secreted there, only to fall under its influence until rescued by Rogers and his team of Avengers.[44] Shortly after this mission, Nova is called away to deal with the events of The Thanos Imperative and Steve Rogers confirms he has left the team.[45]
Realm of Kings and The Thanos Imperative
A lost Nova Corps ship appears from a tear in space-time known as the Fault. Onboard is Zan Philo, a long-missing Nova Centurion who is assigned to train the new recruits.[46] Later, Rider and Darkhawk find themselves inside the Fault, where they are called to do battle for the Sphinx against his younger self. Because of the unstable timestream inside the Fault, Nova is able to return with Namorita, his old girlfriend who had died a few years earlier.[47] Rider returns to Project Pegasus, where he confronts an alternate Quasar who originates from the Cancerverse, a universe within the Fault.[48]
Catching up to the alternate
Return
The latest Nova, Sam Alexander, locates the Xandarian Worldmind.[52] Rider's consciousness awakens within the Worldmind during the encounter. It is later revealed that Rider and the Worldmind survived the closure of the Fault and remain trapped in the Cancerverse. Using the Nova Force, Rider manages to escape the Cancerverse, returns to Earth to visit his mother,[53] and learns that his father has died.[54] He encounters Alexander and they begin working together. However, in his escape, Rider has become a portal to the Cancerverse, which repeatedly attempts to invade Earth through him. Rider returns to the Cancerverse in hopes of closing the portal and thus saving his own universe.[55] Despite his resistance, he is co-opted by the Cancerverse, but is freed by Alexander, who has followed him. The two escape the Cancerverse once more, using the Cosmic Cube carried by Thanos' Cancerverse doppelganger. Rider and Alexander resume their lives and relationships on Earth while continuing as Nova Corpsmen.[56]
In the aftermath of "Empyre," Nova represents the Nova Corps during a Galactic Council meeting held by Kl'rt the Super-Skrull. When Emperor Stote of the Zn'rx was found dead in the restroom and Noh-Varr becomes a suspect after attacking the Skrull subaltern Val-Korr, Nova calls in the Guardians of the Galaxy to investigate Emperor Stote's murder.[57]
During the "
Powers and abilities
Nova derives his powers from an energy source called the Nova Force which all Nova Corps Centurions wield. This energy was transferred to Rider by the Nova Centurion Rhomann Dey. The Nova Force affords Rider superhuman powers including flight, superhuman strength, speed, and durability, as well as the power to absorb energy directed against him and release it as gravimetric pulses and beams, either from specific parts of his body or from his entire body.
Nova wears a standard Xandarian StarCorps uniform, designed to accommodate his powers without being damaged by them. The uniform is highly resistant to damage, including outer space conditions, and is airtight. In addition, the uniform has a built-in life support function that can sustain Rider under the most extreme environmental conditions, including acting as a life-support suit by locking off the mouth and eyes of the helmet. The helmet contains a radio, telescopic sights, night vision sensors, and heat imaging sensors, as well as a visual heads-up display for tracking energy signatures. Nova's helmet has a rigid construction and shape when worn, but becomes as malleable as cloth when it is not, allowing Rider to hide it in his civilian clothes when desired. Nova's uniform is not only extremely malleable, but contains specific functions to aid Rider in his role as a Nova Corps Centurion. Among these features are an electromagnetic discharge that can nullify gravity and an interface to stargates that allow him to enter hyperspace, where he can move at velocities exceeding the speed of light. Rider can also alter the appearance and nature of his uniform to suit his needs.[62] However, as Rider learns the hard way, the Nova Corps keeps a strict dress code. When he makes major cosmetic changes to his uniform after rejoining the New Warriors, Nova is summarily ordered to conform to standard.[63]
During Annihilation, Rider's uniform is altered and enhanced to house the Xandarian Worldmind as well as the entire Nova Force, which was previously used by all members of the Nova Corps. With the Worldmind and the Nova Force, Rider possesses tremendously augmented strength and durability as well as nearly limitless quantities of energy.[64] The Worldmind consists of the entire culture and history of Xandar as well as the individual minds of thousands of years of dead Xandarians. The consensus voice of the Worldmind can speak directly to Rider, helping him to control the Nova Force, fight enemies, sense energy, interface with electronics, and protect against psionic abilities. The Worldmind can also assume direct control of Rider's body when he is asleep.[65][66][67][68]
Marv Wolfman lawsuit
In 1997, on the eve of the impending release of the Blade motion picture, Marv Wolfman sued Marvel Characters Inc. over ownership of all characters he had created for Marvel Comics, including Nova and Blade.[69] A ruling in Marvel's favor was handed down on November 6, 2000.[69] Wolfman's stance was that he had not signed work-for-hire contracts when he created characters including Blade and Nova. In a nonjury trial, the judge ruled that Marvel's later use of the characters was sufficiently different to protect it from Wolfman's claim of copyright ownership.[70]
Reception
Accolades
- In 2011, IGN ranked Nova 98th in their "Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time" list.[71]
- In 2012, IGN ranked Nova 19th in their "Top 50 Avengers" list.[72]
- In 2017, Den of Geek ranked Nova 2nd in their "Guardians of the Galaxy 3: 50 Marvel Characters We Want to See" list.[73]
- In 2018,
- In 2018, CBR.com ranked Nova (Richard Rider) 6th in their "25 Fastest Characters In The Marvel Universe" list.[77]
- In 2022,
Other versions
Earth X
In the alternate future of Earth X, Nova resides in the afterlife. He and two other deceased heroes, Ms. Marvel and Star-Lord, lead an initial charge against Mephisto but are swiftly defeated.[volume & issue needed]
Marvel Zombies
Nova is featured in Marvel Zombies: Dead Days. Unable to overcome his fear and horror of the slaughter occurring around him, Nova fails to act in his own defense when Spider-Man attacks him. Daredevil intervenes, but is bitten when Nova is too shocked to assist. He and Thor are rescued by the Fantastic Four and united with the other surviving heroes on the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier. Nova panics further when Nick Fury formulates a desperate last stand defense, citing that this was nothing like previous global threats; and that the world was as good as dead. Regardless, Nova helps in the battle until he is bitten by Ms. Marvel.[volume & issue needed] As a zombie, he participates in a failed attack on Doctor Doom's castle, in an effort to get at the humans inside.[volume & issue needed] A zombie version of Nova can be seen in the Marvel Zombies miniseries, being shredded by a hail of metal fragments hurled by Magneto.[volume & issue needed]
He is still mobile, as a zombie, when a swarm of zombies attack and attempt to consume the Silver Surfer. During the incident, Zombie Hulk crushes Zombie Hercules when the latter attempts to steal the Silver Surfer's head. Nova backs away, saying "On second thought, you keep that, big guy". He is later killed by the cosmic zombies.[79]
MC2
Richard Rider appears frequently in the Spider-Girl series, which is set in an alternate future. The MC2 Nova (co-created by Tom DeFalco and Ron Frenz) first appeared in Spider-Girl #7 and wrongly believed Spider-Girl was a supervillain since she was fighting Darkdevil at the time. After a brief battle Nova later realizes his mistake.[80]
Over time, the MC2 Nova attempts to tutor Spider-Girl on the importance of being a superhero. His arrogance and lack of patience with younger heroes causes his lessons to be largely ignored. However, the fact that Nova was a founding member of the New Warriors gave Spider-Girl the inspiration to form a new MC2 version of the Warriors.[81]
By the time of the series, Nova has served as a temporary Avenger. He also appears in the Last Hero Standing and
Forever Yesterday
Nova appears as the sole
Nova 0:0
The second Nova series Nova deals with Nova 0:0, who is much more adept at using his powers than Richard Rider. He often fights Nova to test him and to push Nova into using his powers in new ways. It is revealed that this Nova is, in fact, the alternate reality version of Richard's younger brother Robert. In that reality, Robert gained the Nova Force powers instead of Richard and stayed behind to lead the Nova Corps and help Xandar rebuild after the war with the Skrulls. Robert's Earth had been destroyed by the Deathstorm while he was off in space. Nova 0:0 would later sacrifice his life preventing the Deathstorm from destroying the 616-version of Earth. He died and was buried on Mars. In the fourth volume of Nova, the Robert Rider of the 616-version of Earth also becomes a member of the Nova Corps (alongside various other humans and non-humans) and again proves capable of using his powers in ways his brother Richard had not.[84][85]
What If
Issue #15 of What If? contained four stories in which a young widow, a homeless man, Peter Parker, and a criminal became Nova instead of Richard.[86]
In What If? Annihilation, the Annihilation Wave reaches Earth in the climactic battle of the super hero Civil War. Nova, Captain America, and Iron Man work together and sacrifice themselves while using a weapon to destroy the Wave and save Earth.
In other media
Marvel Cinematic Universe
In March 2022, Marvel Studios was revealed to be developing a project featuring Richard Rider / Nova, with Sabir Pirzada writing.[87] It will be a Special Presentation released on Disney+.[88]
Video games
- Richard Rider / Nova appears as a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad: The Infinity Gauntlet, voiced by Jason Marsden.[89]
- Richard Rider / Nova appears as a playable character in Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3,[90] voiced by Troy Baker.[citation needed] His Quasar and Kid Nova costumes as well as that of Sam Alexander / Nova from the Ultimate Spider-Man TV series are also available as alternate attires.
- Richard Rider / Nova appears as a playable character in Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite,[91] voiced by Benjamin Diskin.[92]
- Richard Rider / Nova appears as a non-playable character in Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order, voiced by Robbie Daymond.[89]
- Richard Rider / Nova appears as a playable character in Marvel: Future Fight.[93]
Collected editions
Title | Material collected | Date | ISBN |
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Essential Nova | Nova #1-25, Marvel Two-in-One Annual #3, The Amazing Spider-Man #171 | April 2006 | ISBN 978-0785120933
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Nova Classic: Volume 1 | Nova #1-12, The Amazing Spider-Man #171 | January 2013 | ISBN 978-0785160281
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Nova Classic: Volume 2 | Nova #13-19, The Defenders #62-64, Fantastic Four Annual #12, Marvel Two-in-One Annual #3 | December 2013 | ISBN 978-0785185444
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Nova Classic: Volume 3 | Nova #20-25, Fantastic Four #204-206, 208-214 | June 2014 | ISBN 978-0785185529
|
Nova Volume 1: Annihilation: Conquest | Nova (vol. 4) #1-7 | December 2007 | ISBN 0-7851-2631-7
|
Nova Volume 2: Knowhere | Nova (vol. 4) #8-12 and Annual #1 | August 2008 | ISBN 0-7851-2632-5
|
Nova Volume 3: Secret Invasion | Nova (vol. 4) #13-18 | March 2009 | ISBN 0-7851-2662-7
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Nova Volume 4: Nova Corps | Nova (vol. 4) #19-22 and Nova: Origin of Richard Rider | May 2009 | ISBN 0-7851-3188-4
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Nova Volume 5: War of Kings | Nova (vol. 4) #23-28 | December 2009 | ISBN 0-7851-4066-2
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Nova Volume 6: Realm of Kings | Nova (vol. 4) #29-36 | June 2010 | ISBN 0-7851-4067-0
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Nova by Abnett & Lanning: The Complete Collection Volume 1 | Annihilation: Nova #1-4, Nova (vol. 4) #1-15, Annual #1, material from Nova: Origin of Richard Rider | July 31, 2018 | ISBN 978-1302911348
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Nova by Abnett & Lanning: The Complete Collection Volume 2 | Nova (vol. 4) #16-36, material from I Am An Avenger | December 31, 2018 | ISBN 978-1302915551
|
Nova Volume 1: Origin | Nova (vol. 5) #1-5 | March 11, 2014 | ISBN 978-0785166054
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Nova Volume 2: Rookie Season | Nova (vol. 5) #6-9, 10 (A story) | March 25, 2014 | ISBN 978-0785168393
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Nova Volume 3: Nova Corpse | Nova (vol. 5) #10 (B story), 11-16 | June 10, 2014 | ISBN 978-0785189572
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Nova Volume 4: Original Sin | Nova (vol. 5) #17-22 | January 6, 2015 | ISBN 978-0785189589
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Nova Volume 5: AXIS | Nova (vol. 5) #23-27 | May 5, 2015 | ISBN 978-0785192411
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Nova Volume 6: Homecoming | Nova (vol. 5) #28-31, Nova Annual (vol.2) # 1 | November 10, 2015 | ISBN 978-0785193753
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Nova: The Human Rocket Volume 1: Burn Out | Nova (vol. 6) #1-6 | June 14, 2016 | ISBN 978-0785196501
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Nova: The Human Rocket Volume 2: Afterburn | Nova (vol. 6) #7-11 | January 10, 2017 | ISBN 978-0785196518
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Nova: Resurrection | Nova (vol. 7) #1-7 | July 26, 2017 | ISBN 978-1302905293
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Annihiliation: Scourge | Annihilation Scourge: Alpha, Nova, Silver Surfer, Beta Ray Bill, Fantastic Four and Omega | March 24, 2020 | 978-1302921699 |
References
- ^ "Genesis Of Nova!". Nova Prime Page. Retrieved May 12, 2018.
- ISBN 978-1-4654-7890-0.
- ^ "Nova Newsline!" (letter column), Nova #6 (Marvel Comics, Feb. 1977): Reader Michael Biegel writes "Marv Wolfman approached the character of Richard Rider specially by introducing similarities between him and Peter Parker. . . " and the editor responds "We wanted to recapture the essence of Spider-Man with a totally different character."
- ^ Abnett & Lanning: On the Eve of Nova's Return to Monthly Fun Archived 2009-04-10 at the Wayback Machine, Comics Bulletin, April 9, 2007
- ^ Galactus, and Surfer and Skrulls - Oh My! Abnett & Lanning on Nova Archived 2010-12-22 at archive.today, Newsarama, April 10, 2008
- ^ JK Parkin (April 14, 2010). "And your Secret Avengers line-up is ..." Comic Book Resources. Retrieved April 16, 2010.
- ^ At Long Last, Learn How Star-Lord Survived the Cancerverse, Marvel.com
- ^ Nova #1
- ^ Nova #2
- ^ Nova #3
- ^ Nova #4
- ^ Nova #6-7, 10-11
- ^ Nova #12 and The Amazing Spider-Man #171
- ^ a b Nova #21
- ^ Nova #24-25
- ^ Fantastic Four #206, 208-209
- ^ Rom #24
- ^ The Avengers #260
- ^ New Warriors #1 (w)Fabian Nicieza (a)Mark Bageley (1990)
- ^ The New Warriors Annual #2
- ^ The New Warriors #31
- ^ The New Warriors #40-42
- ^ Nova (vol. 2) #4
- ^ Nova (vol. 2) #16
- ^ Nova (vol. 2) #17-18
- ^ The New Warriors #75 (September 1996)
- ^ New Warriors (vol. 3) #1-6
- ^ Annihilation: Prologue #1
- ^ Annihilation: Nova #1
- ^ Annihilation #1-6. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #3 (August 2007). Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #4
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #5. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #6-7. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #11-12. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Annihilation: Conquest #6. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #16. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #17. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #18. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #19-20
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #22. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #24. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #23-25. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Secret Avengers#1-6 (July-Dec. 2010). Marvel Comics.
- ^ Secret Avengers#7 (Jan. 2011). Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #30. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #32-35
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #36. Marvel Comics.
- ^ The Thanos Imperative: Ignition #1. Marvel Comics.
- ^ a b The Thanos Imperative #1-6. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Guardians of the Galaxy (vol. 3) #18-20 (Aug 2014), (w) Brian Bendis (a) Ed McGuinness
- ^ Nova (vol. 6) #10. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 6) #11. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 7) #1. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 7) #6. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 7) #7. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Guardians of the Galaxy (vol. 5) #6. Marvel Comics.
- ^ X-Men: Red (vol. 2) #5. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Wyatt, Liz (2020-07-17). "10 Things You Didn't Know Marvel's Nova Could Do". CBR. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ George, Joe (2022-03-25). "How Marvel's Nova Could Reshape the MCU". Den of Geek. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ The New Warriors #2
- ^ a b Aitchison, Sean (2018-04-29). "The 30 Strongest Marvel Superheroes, Officially Ranked". CBR. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ The New Warriors (vol. 2) #9
- ^ Lord-Moncrief, Devon (2022-04-11). "Who Is Marvel's Nova? Richard Rider's Powers & Weaknesses, Explained". CBR. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ Annihilation #2, November 2006. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #2 July 2007. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #3 August 2007
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #13 May 2008. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Fantagraphics Books. Archived from the originalon May 10, 2008.
- ^ Dean, Michael (November 16, 2000). "Wolfman loses Blade lawsuit against Marvel". The Comics Journal. No. 229. Fantagraphics Books. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
- ^ "Nova is number 98". Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ "The Top 50 Avengers". IGN. April 30, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
- ^ Buxton, Marc (2017-05-19). "Guardians of the Galaxy 3: 50 Marvel Characters We Want to See". Den of Geek. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
- ^ Walker, Gary (2018-08-10). "The 16 Strongest Nova Corps Members". CBR. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ Baggett, Christopher (2018-03-01). "Superstars: Marvel's Strongest Cosmic Heroes, Ranked". CBR. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ Wyse, Alex (2018-06-01). "The 25 Most Powerful Avengers Ever, Officially Ranked". CBR. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ C. B. R. Staff (2018-05-27). "The 25 Fastest Characters In The Marvel Universe, Officially Ranked". CBR. Retrieved 2022-08-30.
- ^ Harth, David (2022-09-23). "10 Best Cosmic Heroes in Marvel Comics, Ranked". CBR. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
- ^ Marvel Zombies #5 (December 2006)
- ^ Spider-Girl #7. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Spider-Girl #42. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Avengers Next #2. Marvel Comics.
- ^ The New Warriors #11-13. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Nova (vol. 4) #27 (2009)
- ^ Nova 0:0 at The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe
- ^ What If? #15. Marvel Comics.
- ^ Kroll, Justin (March 24, 2022). "Marvel Developing 'Nova' Project With 'Moon Knight' Scribe Sabir Pirzada". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
- ^ Perez, Alex (October 13, 2022). "Exclusive: Marvel's Nova to Be a Special Presentation on Disney+". TheCosmicCircus.com. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
- ^ a b "Voice Of Nova / Richard Rider - Guardians of the Galaxy franchise | Behind The Voice Actors". behindthevoiceactors.com. Retrieved August 15, 2019. Check marks indicates role has been confirmed using screenshots of closing credits and other reliable sources.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Brendan Sinclair. "GameSpot - Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 roster leaked". Comic-con.gamespot.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2011-07-22.
- GamesRadar. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
- ^ Capcom. Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite. Capcom. Scene: Credits, "Cast".
- ^ "Tier List for Marvel Future Fight".
Sources
- Smith, Doug (2009). "Flashback: The Man Called Nova". Back Issue #33. Raleigh: Twomorrows. ISSN 1932-6904.
External links
- Nova (Richard Rider) at Marvel.com
- Richard Rider at the Marvel Database Project
- Nova Prime Page (Rich Rider)
- Nova (Richard Rider) at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original)