November 1950

November 10, 1950 (Friday)

• A U.S. Air Force
  Saint-André, Quebec. Slightly before 4:00 p.m., the explosion rocked the town and caused a thick cloud of yellow smoke. The plutonium core had been removed before transport, so the blast was limited to a conventional chemical explosion used to destroy the weapon, but 100 pounds of uranium were scattered in the river, and the weapon was never recovered.^[46]
• U.S. Navy Lt. Commander William T. Amen, flying an F9F Panther jet fighter, struck a Russian piloted MiG-15 jet fighter in Korea. Although Russian historians dispute whether Russell Brown had downed a MiG-15 two days earlier, it is agreed that the Amen scored a kill, with the Russian MiG crashing into a small hill.^[47]
• The Interstate Commerce Commission ordered the end of racial segregation in the dining cars of trains that traveled interstate routes, effective December 15. In response, the Southern Railway said that it ceased the practice four months earlier, on July 1, and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad had discontinued the practice of barring black passengers from sitting in dining cars previously reserved for white travelers. The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, however, said that it would wait until the order was received and studied by its legal department.^[48]
• Born:
  • Debra Hill, American film producer and screenwriter (Halloween and The Fog), in Haddonfield, New Jersey (d. 2005)
  • "Cowboy Bob Orton", American professional wrestler, in Kansas City, Kansas
    .

• The Mattachine Society was founded in Los Angeles as the first gay liberation organization. The organizational meeting took place at the home of Harry Hay at 2328 Cove Avenue, with Rudi Gernreich, Bob Hull, Chuck Rowland and Dale Jennings completing the gathering.^[49]
• Representatives of the government of Tibet sought intervention from the United Nations to obtain the withdrawal of Chinese occupying troops from the eastern section of their nation.^[50]

November 12, 1950 (Sunday)

• The first Volkswagen van rolled off of an assembly line in West Germany. Originally envisioned by a Dutch businessman, Ben Pon, in a sketch drawn April 23, 1947, the vehicle was referred to as "the T2" (the T1 having been the "Volkswagen Beetle"). The van, with multiple windows, would become popular with hippies and surfers in the 1960s.^[51]
• Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán was elected President of Guatemala receiving 266,778 votes, or 65.4% of the 407,633 cast. Future President Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes was second, with 76,180 votes (18.7%).^[52]
• The Barrier, an opera based on the Langston Hughes play Mulatto and adapted by composer Jan Meyerowitz, opened on Broadway. Despite having been a success at Columbia University earlier in the year, the play was poorly reviewed in Washington, D.C. in September because of its theme of racial discrimination, and the Broadway production closed after only three performances.^[53]
• Born: Ray Young Bear, American Indian poet, at the Meskwaki Settlement, Iowa
• Died:
  • Julia Marlowe (born Sarah Frances Frost), 85, English-born American stage actress best known for Shakespearean revivals on Broadway
  • Hryhorij Lakota, 57, Ukrainian Catholic bishop, while serving his sentence at the Abez gulag above the Arctic Circle. Lakota would become the inspiration for the main character in the 1963 novel The Shoes of the Fisherman
    and would be beatified in 2001
  • Pierre-Jules Boulanger, 65, French engineer and businessman who had been Chairman of the Board of the Citroën Motor Company since 1935, was killed when his Citroën Traction Avant skidded and crashed into a tree.^[54]

November 13, 1950 (Monday)

• The President of Venezuela, Lt. Col. Carlos Delgado Chalbaud was kidnapped and murdered by assassins. President Delgado left home that morning, accompanied by his chauffeur and an aide to his office. Along the way, his car was blocked by several cars and a team of twenty conspirators. Though his aide was only slightly wounded, and his chauffeur left unharmed, Delgado was driven to an abandoned house on the outskirts of Caracas, beaten, and then shot six times.^[55][56] For the next two weeks, the other two members of Venezuela's military junta, Marcos Pérez Jiménez and Luis Felipe Llovera Páez, administered the nation before selecting a civilian adviser, Germán Suárez Flamerich, to be the new president. The leader of the conspiracy, Rafael Simon Urbina, was wounded in the attack and sought refuge in the Nicaraguan Embassy, but was arrested at the gate by a federal officer. Taken to a jail for treatment, Suárez allegedly tried to take a gun from one of the guards and was shot to death.^[57]
• United Kingdom Prime Minister Clement Attlee and Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin proposed a plan for ending the Korean War, by establishing a buffer zone between Chinese and United Nations forces that would extend 60 to 100 miles south of the Yalu River.^[58][59] When the proposal became public, it was criticized in the United States as a betrayal comparable to the Munich Agreement of 1938^[60] and General MacArthur replied that "to yield to so immoral a proposition would bankrupt our leadership and influence in Asia and render untenable our position both politically and militarily."^[61] After another two years and eight months of fighting, the war would be settled with the creation of the Korean Demilitarized Zone far to the south of the proposed British zone.
• A
  Curtiss-Reid Airtours charter plane crashed, transporting a group of missionaries home to Canada after their pilgrimage to Rome. Earlier that day, the group had visited with Pope Pius XII. On the way back through the fog, the pilot struck the 8,500-foot high Mont Obiou in the French Alps. All 52 passengers and six crew were killed.^[62][63]
• In New York, CBS gave the public its first demonstrations of its new color television technology. The closed circuit broadcasts, shown in a display window on Fifth Avenue, featured various segments with model Patty Painter wearing a striped blouse while displaying red and yellow roses, a bowl of fresh fruit, colorful packs of soap and cigarettes, flags of various nations, a map of Europe, and reproductions of paintings by Vincent van Gogh.[64] The next day, CBS began five such telecasts each day, with up to 300 people invited to watch in preparation for the regular nationwide broadcasting on November 20.^[65]
• Born:
  Victoriaville, Quebec

November 14, 1950 (Tuesday)

• videotape recorder. U.S. Patent 2,794,066 would be issued on May 28, 1957.;^[66][67]
• French vascular surgeon Jacques Oudot performed the first arterial graft on a human being, operating at a Paris hospital on a 51-year-old woman with aortic occlusion of the left leg. The patient reportedly made a successful recovery.[68]
• Carl H. Kraeling sent a cloth from the Cave I scroll wrapper to Dr. Willard Libby at the University of Chicago. Libby would conclude that the wrapper had been made no earlier than 160 B.C. and no later than 390 A.D.^[69]
• Jack Gardner knocked out Bruce Woodcock in the 11th round of their title fight, to become British heavyweight boxing champion.^[70]
• Died: Orhan Veli Kanık, 36, Turkish poet, of a brain aneurysm^[71]

November 15, 1950 (Wednesday)

• On petition by NBC and its parent company, RCA, a temporary restraining order was issued against CBS by a three judge panel of the U.S. District Court in Chicago, halting the CBS color television broadcasts that had been scheduled to begin on November 20.^[72] In December, the court would deny the injunction and permit CBS to launch its broadcasts on the televisions equipped with the CBS "spinning disk" system.^[64]
• Fourteen people were killed in a rail accident in Norway near Hjuksebø. Passenger train no. 72, en route from Kristiansand to Oslo, was struck by four freight cars that had become uncoupled from another train.^[73] It remained Norway's worst railway accident in peacetime until the Tretten train disaster
  in 1975.
• Born: William Kent Krueger, American crime writer, in Torrington, Wyoming.^[74]

November 16, 1950 (Thursday)

• With the restoration of diplomatic relations with Spain and the regime of Generalissimo Franco, U.S. President Truman authorized a loan of $62,500,000 to Spain to help it rearm its military and to prevent it from becoming an ally of the Soviet Union.^[75]
• The 16 owners of the Major League Baseball teams approved a request by Commissioner A. B. "Happy" Chandler to the leagues' $975,000 of radio and television rights, from the 1950 World Series toward the player's pension fund.^[76]
• Died: Dr. Robert H. Smith, 71, popularly known as "Dr. Bob" since becoming co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous in 1935.

November 17, 1950 (Friday)

• Fifteen year old
  Tenzin Gyatso was enthroned as the 14th Dalai Lama, becoming both the chief of state of the semi-independent kingdom, and the spiritual leader of adherents of Tibetan Buddhism worldwide.^[77] The date of November 17, 1950 had been set after consultation with the astrologers of the Nechung oracle, and Gyatso replaced regent Taktra Rinpoche. Born as Lhamo Thondup on July 6, 1935 (the 5th day of the 5th year of the Wooden Dog in the Tibetan calendar), and identified as the reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama, who had died in 1933, Thondup had arrived at Lhasa when he was four years old, and installed on the Lion's Throne four months later.^[78]
• Adriaan Pelt, the United Nations High Commissioner for Libya, submitted his report to the UN General Assembly, calling for a creation of a National Assembly for Libya in order to unite the territories of Cyrenaica, Tripoli and Fezzan.^[79]
• Born:
  • Roland Matthes, East German swimmer who won gold medals for the 100m and 200m backstroke in the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics and in the 1973 World Championships; in Pößneck, Thuringia state (d. 2019)
  • Supermax (Federal penitentiary in Florence, Colorado); in Woodburn, Oregon

• After rain prevented play on the first day of their match against New South Wales Country, the touring MCC side's batting collapsed to a fast bowler called John Bull, who took 6/24. They reached 142 all out thanks to a 71 from John Dewes, and the match was drawn.^[80]
• The #1 ranked Ohio State Buckeyes college football team lost a game against the #8 Illinois Fighting Illini, 14–7, effectively ending its chance to be the NCAA football champion. The #2 ranked Oklahoma Sooners remained unbeaten (and racked up their 29th consecutive victory) after defeating the unranked Missouri Tigers, 41–7. The next day, the sportswriters voted Oklahoma to first place in the Associated Press poll. Oklahoma would retain the top ranking through the end of the season.^[81]
• A bus driver saved 33
  Western State College football players from injury and death after the brakes failed while they were traveling downhill through Monarch Pass in the Rocky Mountains. The team was on its way from Gunnison, Colorado to Canon City for a game against Adams State College, when the air pressure failed in the college-owned bus, and the gearshift moved out of second gear into neutral. Even worse, the gear shift broke when head coach Joe Thomas was trying to put the bus back in gear, and the emergency hand brake didn't slow the speed. For the next 17 minutes, driver Jerry Tobin steered the vehicle around 23 miles of hairpin curves at speeds of up to 110 miles per hour (and passing one car while avoiding an oncoming vehicle) before bringing it to a stop at Salida. The players assisted by shifting from one side of the bus to the other at Tobin's direction. Despite the near-fatal experience, the Western State Mountaineers beat the Adams State Grizzlies, 35–14.^[82]
• "Harbor Lights" by Sammy Kaye And His Orchestra topped the Billboard Best Sellers in Stores chart.

November 19, 1950 (Sunday)

• At its annual meeting, the American Red Cross board of governors voted to discontinue the endorsement of putting racial designations on blood donations. "It has long been known that human blood is all alike, from whatever race it comes", the press release noted.^[83]

November 20, 1950 (Monday)

• American prisoners of war (from the 8th Cavalry Regiment and the 24th Infantry Division) had been marched into a detention camp in the North Korean village of Pyoktong, and were almost killed when U.S. B-26 bombers carried out an airstrike. The 450 POWs survived the bombing, though half of Pyoktong was incinerated, including their intended prison, and the group was then marched to a new site at the village of Sombokol.^[84]

November 21, 1950 (Tuesday)

• Troops of the 7th Infantry Division of the United States Army's X Corps became the first American division to reach the Yalu River that separated North Korea and China, moving into the border city of Hyesan. By that time, the X Corps had advanced so much further north than the U.S. Eighth Army (on a second drive), the two armies were separated by a huge gap that the Chinese Army would exploit.^[85]
• Valemount, British Columbia. A westbound train was carrying Canadian soldiers preparing to join the Korean War, while the eastbound Canadian National Railway's Continental Limited was on the same track. The collision killed 17 Canadian soldiers, and the two-man locomotive crews on each train.^[86][87]
• Twenty-one missionaries of the Christian evangelical organization, the
  New Tribes Mission, and three crew members, were on the first flight of their new DC-3 airplane when it crashed into Mount Moran in the Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming. The flight came four months after another 15 people were killed in the June 9 crash of another DC-3 owned by the Mission. Everyone on board was killed, including founder Paul Fleming, and two widows and six children of men who had been killed in the first crash. Nobody was able to reach the wreckage until the following summer, and some of the bodies have never been found.^[88][89]
• Mamoru Shigemitsu, the Japanese Foreign Minister who signed Japan's surrender on board the USS Missouri on September 2, 1945, was released from prison after serving four years and seven months of his seven-year sentence for war crimes.^[90]
• A rocket launched from Los Alamos, New Mexico, snapped a picture of the earth below it after it reached its peak altitude of 107 miles. At the time, it set a record for the highest altitude from which a photograph had been taken.^[91]
• Born: Greg Luzinski, American baseball player, in Chicago, Illinois

November 22, 1950 (Wednesday)

• Seventy-nine commuters were killed, and 363 injured, while on their way home from their jobs on the night before Thanksgiving Day, when two Long Island Rail Road commuter trains collided at Richmond Hill in the New York City borough of Queens. The first train, taking New York City workers to their homes near Hempstead, had stalled on the tracks. Although a flagman had signaled a warning with red lamps, the engineer of the next train coming up the line misinterpreted a signal, and, at 6:26 pm, the 12-car Babylon Express rear-ended the Hempstead-bound train.^[92]
• The
  Minneapolis Lakers, 19–18, in the lowest scoring game in National Basketball Association history. The event was one of several that led to the NBA implementation of the shot clock in 1954. Pistons coach Murray Mendenhall had ordered his team to stall from the opening tipoff, and for stretches as long as three minutes at a time, the Pistons passed the ball around without taking a shot. Larry Foust finally won the game for them with six seconds to play. The game's high scorer was Jack Kerris, with five points.^[93]
• Under a truce flag, the Chinese Army released 27 wounded American prisoners of war, delivering them to the U.S. Army at a location north of Yongbyon, North Korea.^[94]
• General Douglas MacArthur told visiting members of the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea that he expected that the Korean War would be over by the end of the year. He also described plans for holding elections in North Korea in 1951 for 100 seats in a 310-seat Korean parliament.^[95]
• Born: Lyman Bostock, American baseball player who was shot and killed in his fourth major league season; in Birmingham, Alabama (d. 1978)

November 23, 1950 (Thursday)

• Prime Minister of South Korea. He would resign on April 20, 1952, then return to service as the Vice President under President Syngman Rhee, and serve as Prime Minister a second time from 1960 to 1961.^[96]
• The
  People's Republic of China, through the Administration Council of its Supreme People's Court, issued the "Directive Concerning the Suppression of Counter-Revolutionary Activities", directing all Chinese Communist Party members and China citizens to report suspected conspiratorial activities. The ensuing campaign would be followed, three months later, by regulations on how to punish anyone convicted of trying to destroy the "people's democratic cause".^[97]
• The National Assembly of France voted 337 to 187 to approve plans to transfer the administration to South Vietnam authorities of the Vietnamese lands of the French Indochina by the end of the year, and to gradually let the Army of the Republic of Viet Nam (ARVN) take over the war effort against the Viet Minh.[98]
• Born:
  U.S. Senator
  from New York since 1999

November 24, 1950 (Friday)

• The
  "Home-by-Christmas" Offensive was launched at 10:00 a.m. Korean time,^[29] by General MacArthur as a final assault by United Nations forces to take all of North Korea up to the Yalu River border with China. At "H-Hour", the armies began a drive northward.^[99] The next day would see an overwhelming retaliation by China's People's Volunteer Army, with a confrontation at the Ch'ongch'on River.^[100]
• An unusually strong winter storm, that would eventually kill 383 Americans, began east of the Appalachian Mountains. With hurricane-force winds, the storm affected 22 of the 48 United States, primarily in the northeastern U.S.^[101] The storm had first been noted at 7:30 pm Eastern time, with temperatures plummeting during the afternoon, and the collision of cold and warm air masses produced winds of more than 50 miles per hour.^[102] Within two days, there were 211 deaths in 21 states, the majority of them heart attacks that had been brought about by shoveling snow.^[103]
• The accidental release of
  hydrogen sulphide gas from a factory at Poza Rica, Mexico, caused 22 deaths and 320 hospitalizations of city residents. The toxic cloud had been concentrated over the area by a combination of a low inversion layer, thick fog, and weak winds.^[104]
• The Frank Loesser musical Guys and Dolls premiered on Broadway, at the 46th Street Theatre, and would go on for 1,200 performances, winning the Tony Award for Best Musical. Among the songs written for the play were "Luck Be a Lady" and "A Bushel and a Peck".^[105]
• China announced an addition to its territory with the establishment of the "East Tibetan Autonomous Region" of 70,000 people, governed by a Tibetan Communist, Tian Bao.^[106]
• Born: Stanley Livingston, American child actor who portrayed "Chip Douglas" on the situation comedy My Three Sons; in Los Angeles

November 25, 1950 (Saturday)

• Chances at an early truce in the
  Chinese People's Volunteer Army headquarters was Mao Anying, described by one author as the "favorite son"^[107] of China's leader Mao Zedong.^[108] Mao's commanding general, Peng Dehuai narrowly missed being killed in the attack.^[109]
• The Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River began at dusk, Peng and the Chinese Army opened their "Second Phase Offensive", with the 180,000 troops of the Thirteenth CPV Army Corps now blocking the advance of the United Nations troops, and cutting off the retreat by the American troops in I Corps and IX Corps.^[110]
• The Republic of Haiti received a new Constitution, replacing previous ones that had been ratified in 1805, 1889, 1918 and 1946.^[111]
• In a game forever known as the "Mud Bowl" for the wet and muddy conditions at Toronto's Varsity Stadium, the Toronto Argonauts defeated the Winnipeg Blue Bombers 13–0 to win the 38th Grey Cup of Canadian football.
• Died:
  • Johannes V. Jensen, 77, Danish author, 1944 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate
  • Gustaf John Ramstedt, 77, Finland-born Swedish linguist and diplomat

November 26, 1950 (Sunday)

• Voters in Uruguay went to the polls to cast ballots for all elective offices at the local, regional, and national levels, Andrés Martínez Trueba was elected as the new President of Uruguay under the rules of the South American republic's unique system. Under the constitution, each political party was allowed to have three presidential candidates on the general election ballot.^[112] The votes for a party's candidates were added together to determine which political party would control the executive branch, and the top finisher among that party's candidates would become the President. The Colorado Party's candidates combined for 55.1% of the total vote, compared to 29.3% for the National Party, and of the three candidates, Martínez Trueba had more votes than either of his rivals, César Mayo Gutiérrez and Eduardo Blanco Acevedo.^[113]

November 27, 1950 (Monday)

• Three days after the United Nations Command had launched its "Home by Christmas Offensive" with 110,000 troops surging northward, the People's Republic of China launched a massive counterattack with 300,000 soldiers.^[114][115] The United States 25th Infantry Division was one of the first to report fierce resistance, near Unsan.^[116] Chinese attacks began with bugle calls and whistles, followed by thousands of soldiers charging forward. The 25th Infantry and the 2nd Infantry Division began retreating back across the Ch'ongch'on River and toward the frozen Chosin Reservoir.^[117] At the Chosin Reservoir the 1st Marine Division, British Royal Commandos, and U.S. Army infantry also came under heavy attack.
• Turkey fought its first real combat action since its War of Independence when it attempted to delay the Chinese advance in the Battle of Wawon.
• Germán Suárez Flamerich was named as the new President of Venezuela by the remaining two members of the military junta, two weeks after the assassination of Lt. Col. Carlos Delgado Chalbaud.^[96]
• Born: Robert Bartlett, English historian, at Streatham

November 28, 1950 (Tuesday)

• The 723 residents of
  E. I. du Pont de Nemours Company had concluded that cooling pipes for the Savannah River nuclear reactors would need to run through the land occupied by Ellenton. The Atomic Energy Commission would agree on December 28 to the measure. Subsequently, the homes and buildings in Ellenton, and of another 5300 people in Aiken County and Barnwell County, were moved to a site 14 miles away, and the city of New Ellenton, South Carolina was created.^[118]
• Five days after telling reporters that American troops would be able to be "home by Christmas" from Korea, General MacArthur released a statement in Tokyo declaring that "We face an entirely new war", and estimated Chinese forces in Korea to be at least 200,000 men. "This has shattered the high hope we had that the intervention of the Chinese was only of a token nature on a volunteer and individual basis as publicly announced", he added.[119]
• United States Representative
  atomic bomb to end the Korean War. "If there ever was a time to use the A-bomb", Rivers told reporters, "it is now." He added that he had sent a telegram to President Truman recommending that an ultimatum be served on China to either withdraw its troops, or face "relentless atomic warfare".^[120]
• The undefeated University of Oklahoma Sooners won the mythical national championship of college football after receiving 213 first place votes in the Associated Press poll of sportswriters. The United States Military Academy football team, known athletically as the "Army Cadets", was a distant second, with 38 votes. Under the point system that assigned values for first through tenth place votes, Oklahoma had 2,963 to Army's 2,380 points.^[121] At the time, no polling was taken after the postseason bowl games; Oklahoma would go on to lose the 1950 Sugar Bowl in an upset by the University of Kentucky.^[81]
• New Mexico Governor Thomas J. Mabry met with a 91-year-old man, O. L. Roberts, who claimed to have been frontier outlaw William H. Bonney, known as "Billy the Kid". He brought Roberts to a press conference at the governor's office in Santa Fe. Although it is generally believed that Billy the Kid was killed in 1881, Roberts claimed to be the outlaw in 1949 and spent 18 months petitioning the Governor for a pardon. After Roberts was unable to answer reporters' questions, Governor Mabry announced, "I am taking no action, now or ever... because I do not believe this man is Billy the Kid." Mabry would pass away 30 days later.^[122]
• The "Colombo Plan for Co-operative Economic Development in South and South-East Asia" was published by a consultative committee of representatives from Australia, Britain, Canada, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), India, New Zealand and Pakistan, outlining a program for the advancement of the economies in the Asian nations that were members of the British Commonwealth.^[123]
• The first Japan Series of baseball ended in Tokyo with the Mainichi Orions (champions of the Pacific League) defeating the Shochiku Robins (pennant winners of the Central League, 8 to 7, to win the championship, four games to two.^[124]
• Born:
  • Russell Hulse, American physicist and co-winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics; in New York City
  • Ed Harris, American film actor; in Englewood, New Jersey
• Died: James Corbitt, 37, English murderer, was hanged at Strangeways Prison, Manchester, by his former friend Albert Pierrepoint.^[125]

November 29, 1950 (Wednesday)

• The
  Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod or Pentecostals. The Federal Council itself had been created in 1908 by the delegates of 30 different denominations. With a goal of cooperation of churches in social activists, the National Council has tended to attract liberal leaders, while the American Council of Christian Churches, the World Christian Fundamentals Association, and the National Association of Evangelicals have had more conservative leadership.^[126]
• The Battle of Wawon ended in Chinese tactical victory, but Turkish strategic victory, when the Chinese advance was halted long enough for United Nations forces to withdraw without taking heavy casualties.
• Died: Walter Beech, aviator and airplane manufacturer

November 30, 1950 (Thursday)

• At a press conference, U.S. President Truman frightened many when he answered reporters following up on his statement that the United States would "take whatever steps are necessary to meet the military situation in Korea". When Jack Dougherty of the
  Daily News of New York asked, "Will that include the atomic bomb?", Truman replied, "That includes every weapon that we have." Paul R. Leach of the Chicago Daily News then asked, "Does that mean that there is active consideration of the use of the atomic bomb?", and Truman said, "There has always been active consideration of its use." A third reporter, Merriman Smith of United Press, asked Truman "Did we understand you clearly" about active consideration of atomic weapons in Korea, and the President reaffirmed that it "always has been. It is one of our weapons."^{[127][128][129]} Concern was so strong that Prime Minister Attlee of the United Kingdom flew to Washington for an emergency meeting with the President.^[130]
• The Army of France entered the
  French Battalion. The three companies of men (1st Company from colonial troops, 2nd Company from the France and its Metropolitan area, and the 3rd company from the Foreign Legion and paratroopers) were assigned to the 23rd Infantry Regiment of the Second U.S. Infantry. Earlier in the year, a crew of 143 French Navy men patrolled off the coast on the frigate RFS La Grandiere, from July 29 to November 23.^[131]
• Inventor Earl Masterson applied for the patent for the first rotating
  magnetic video recording. U.S. Patent No. 2,773,120 would be issued on December 4, 1956.^[67]
• Died: Werner Haase, 50, German doctor who served as Adolf Hitler's personal physician, and advised him on how to commit suicide; of tuberculosis in the Soviet Union's Butyrka prison.^[132]

References