November 1960

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November 1, 1960: Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg create Benelux Economic Union
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November 8, 1960: Kennedy defeats Nixon for U.S. President
November 28, 1960: Mauritania becomes independent
November 15, 1960: USS George Washington, first mobile nuclear base, departs Charleston with 16 missiles

The following events occurred in November 1960:

November 1, 1960 (Tuesday)

November 2, 1960 (Wednesday)

November 3, 1960 (Thursday)

  • Explorer 8 was launched to study the Earth's ionosphere.[14] The satellite, which confirmed the existence of a helium layer in the upper atmosphere, stopped functioning later in the year but was still in orbit almost fifty years later.[15]
  • Died: Félix-Roland Moumié, 35, Cameroonian Marxist leader, was assassinated by a fatal dose of thallium, received earlier while he was visiting Geneva.[16]

November 4, 1960 (Friday)

  • The Soviet news agency
    Georgi Malenkov had replaced Khrushchev. The German-language paper then ran the banner headline, "Struggle For Power In Moscow: Khrushchev ousted, Malenkov Successor".[17] Western newspapers repeated the news, usually with the caveat that it was unconfirmed, before TASS debunked it.[18]
  • As John F. Kennedy arrived at the Chicago Stadium for a pre-election rally, Jaime Cruz Alejandro forced his way through the crowd to get as close as he could to Kennedy's open convertible, then fought with police after running from them. He was found to be carrying a loaded .25 caliber pistol. Moments later, Reverend Israel Dabney was caught attempting to carry a .38 revolver into the coliseum. Both men said that they were carrying the weapons for self-defense and were later released.[19]
  • Filming of The Misfits, starring Clark Gable and Marilyn Monroe, was finished. It proved to be the last film for both legendary actors. Gable, who had performed many of his own stunts, had a heart attack the next day and died on November 16. Monroe would die in 1962 during the filming of the never completed Something's Got to Give.[20]
  • Anacafé, the Asociación Naacional del Café, was founded in Guatemala City to increase the world market share of coffee grown in Guatemala.[21]

November 5, 1960 (Saturday)

Silkworm missile
  • The People's Republic of China successfully built and launched its first
    silkworm missile, had a range of 350 miles (560 km).[22][23][24]
  • Dorrence Darling II, a football player for Illinois State University, broke his leg during a game. Poor medical treatment led to an amputation, and "the Darling case" would become a benchmark in medical malpractice law, legally presuming a hospital to be responsible for the mistakes of physicians to whom it extended privileges.[25][26]
Bond
  • Died:
    • Ward Bond, 57, American TV actor and star of the western series Wagon Train, died of a heart attack, days after filming his ninth episode of the 1960–1961 season. His final show would be telecast on February 22, 1961.[27]
    • Mack Sennett, 80, American silent film actor, director and producer, known for the Keystone Cops[28]
    • August Gailit, 69, Estonian novelist[29]

November 6, 1960 (Sunday)

  • One person was killed and 18 injured by a bomb that had been placed inside a subway car in New York City. The bomb was the fifth to have exploded in New York City on a Sunday since October 2, and the first to have taken a life. The five bombings had injured a total of 58 people to that time, including the fatal injury to Sandra Breland, a 15-year-old Brooklyn resident.[30][31]
Raeder

November 7, 1960 (Monday)

November 8, 1960 (Tuesday)

November 8, 1960: Little Joe 5 prior to launch
  • Mercury spacecraft, was launched from Wallops Island to check the spacecraft in an abort simulating the most severe launch conditions. The launch was normal until 15.4 seconds after lift-off, at which time the escape rocket motor was prematurely ignited. The spacecraft did not detach from the launch vehicle until impact and was destroyed. Since the test objectives were not met, a repeat of the mission was planned.[1]
  • In the
    Richard M. Nixon. With 270 electoral votes needed to win, Kennedy received 303. The popular vote was the closest in history. Kennedy (34,220,984) won slightly more than Nixon (34,108,157) by a margin of 16 of one percent of the total votes cast.[40]

November 9, 1960 (Wednesday)

  • The day after the American presidential election, Vice President Nixon conceded defeat to Senator Kennedy at 12:47 p.m. EST, 17 minutes after the news came that Kennedy had won Minnesota's 11 electoral votes. With 270 needed to win, victory in Minnesota took Kennedy to at least 272.[41]
  • Jinotepe and Diriamba.[42] The United States Navy was directed to the area on November 17 and the rebels were defeated by December.[2][42]
  • Died:

November 10, 1960 (Thursday)

  • Rumors persist that the Soviet Union covered up the deaths of cosmonauts killed in the early days of its space program. Russian journalist Yaroslav Golovanov, the Fortean Times writes, "has claimed that on 10 November 1960, a cosmonaut called Byelokonyev died on board a spaceship in orbit." No evidence has been found to corroborate Golovanov's statement.[43]
  • The uncensored, Penguin Books edition of Lady Chatterley's Lover went on sale in England and Wales, eight days after a London jury had concluded that it was not obscene, and became an instant bestseller.[44][45]

November 11, 1960 (Friday)

RMS Britannic

November 12, 1960 (Saturday)

  • A Type 3
    aurora borealis, normally visible only at far north latitudes, could be seen in the early morning hours in much of the Northern Hemisphere, including Washington, D.C..[48][49]
  • Construction of the first Soviet nuclear submarine, the K-19, was completed, three days before the first American nuclear sub (the USS George Washington) would set to sea with nuclear weapons. The K-19, which would receive its nuclear arsenal later, was the first of the eight "Hotel class" nuclear-powered subs.[50]

November 13, 1960 (Sunday)

November 14, 1960 (Monday)

November 14, 1960: U.S. Marshals escorting Ruby Bridges to and from school
  • Four 6-year old Black girls, "first of their race to attend white public schools in New Orleans since the days of the Reconstruction", were enrolled at two elementary schools in the area. Ruby Bridges, protected by U.S. Marshals, was the lone African-American child to enroll at the William Frantz Elementary School, and her first day was depicted by artist Norman Rockwell in a famous painting, The Problem We All Live With.[56] The other three students enrolled at McDonough Elementary.
  • A collision between two trains in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia killed 118 people and injured 110 others. The government news agency did not report the accident until noon the next day.[57]

November 15, 1960 (Tuesday)

  • The submarine
    Polaris missiles, sailed from the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, following an undisclosed route. President Eisenhower praised history's first mobile nuclear missile base, noting that the Polaris firing submarines "possess a power and relative invulnerability which will make suicidal any attempt by an aggressor to attack the free world by surprise". The U.S. Navy said that the 16 missiles had the same destructive power as "the total of all of the bombs dropped during World War II".[2][58] The Polaris has been described as "the world's most credible deterrent system".[59]

November 16, 1960 (Wednesday)

  • At the Moscow conference of the world's 81 Communist parties, Albania's Enver Hoxha criticized the parties of Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Poland and other Eastern European nations, in a speech entitled "Reject the Revisionist Theses of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Anti-Marxist Stand of Khrushchev's Group! Uphold Marxism-Leninism!".[60]
  • A meeting was held at
    Langley Field by NASA personnel to discuss the results of test programs which had been conducted. Of particular interest was the estblishment of the causes for the failure of the Mercury-Atlas 1 mission and to determine the status of readiness of the Mercury-Atlas 2 mission.[1]
Gable
  • Died:
    • Clark Gable, 59, American film star; of a heart attack, 12 days after completing his last film, The Misfits[61]
    • Gilbert Harding, 53, English broadcaster; after collapsing on the steps of Broadcasting House following the recording of a radio programme

November 17, 1960 (Thursday)

  • The Space Task Group requested that McDonnell submit a proposal for conducting a test to determine the capability of an astronaut to make celestial observations through the Mercury spacecraft observation window.[1]
  • The Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University (now called
    Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology) was inaugurated at Pantnagar
    .
  • Born:

November 18, 1960 (Friday)

November 19, 1960 (Saturday)

November 19, 1960: Hovering Hawker P.1127 takes flight

November 20, 1960 (Sunday)

  • In parliamentary elections for Japan, the Liberal Democratic Party, led by Hayato Ikeda, increased its majority in the 467 member House of Representatives, gaining 13 seats for a total of 296; the Japan Socialist Party gained 23 for a total of 145. Losing ground were the leftist Democratic Socialists, falling from 40 to 23. Ikeda told a news conference that the results showed that the Japanese people approved the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty that had been violently protested in the spring.[65]

November 21, 1960 (Monday)

  • An attempt was made to launch Mercury-Redstone 1 from Cape Canaveral. This uncrewed mission was unsuccessful because premature cut-off of the launch vehicle engines activated the emergency escape system when the vehicle was only about 1 inch (25 mm) off the pad. The launch vehicle settled back on the pad with only slight damage. Since the spacecraft received a cut-off signal, the escape tower and recovery sequence was initiated. The undamaged spacecraft was recovered for reuse.[1]
  • United Nations troops clashed with the Congolese Army, for the first time since the Congo crisis had begun. Colonel Joseph Mobutu ordered soldiers to seize a diplomat at Ghana's embassy in Leopoldville. A force of 150 U.N. troops from Tunisia, supplementing Ghanaian embassy guards, fought for three hours in defending the embassy before the government troops withdrew.[66]
  • From November 21 to 30, Phase II of the helicopter Mercury spacecraft airdrop program was completed.[1]
  • Died:
    Phao Sriyanond
    , 50, head of Thai police

November 22, 1960 (Tuesday)

  • The USS Ethan Allen, at 410 feet (120 m) in length the largest Polaris submarine in the U.S. Navy fleet, was launched from the yards at Groton, Connecticut. Not yet equipped with missiles, the submarine would be able to fire nuclear weapons a distance of 1,500 miles (2,400 km).[2] On May 6, 1962, the Ethan Allen would make the only submarine launch of a live nuclear warhead, conducting an atmospheric hydrogen bomb test at a site 1,000 miles (1,600 km) away.[59]
  • Faced with a choice of two rival delegations claiming to represent the former Belgian Congo, one led by President
    Joseph Kasavubu, the other by Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba, the United Nations General Assembly voted 53–24 in favor of seating Kasavubu's group. Nineteen nations abstained. The vote effectively ended Lumumba's power in the Congo, and he would be arrested and killed two months later.[67]

November 23, 1960 (Wednesday)

November 23, 1960: Launch of TIROS-2

November 24, 1960 (Thursday)

  • Philadelphia Warriors, set the NBA record for number of rebounds (55) in a game, which has remained unbroken for nearly fifty years,[69] but his team lost 132–129 to the visiting Boston Celtics, who were led by Bill Russell. Chamberlain's 55 rebounds broke the record of 51, set on February 8, 1959 by Bill Russell of the Boston Celtics.[70] Chamberlain (23,924) and Russell (21,620) remain first and second on the all time rebound list.[71]

November 25, 1960 (Friday)

  • In the Dominican Republic, three of the Mirabal sisters— Patria, Minerva, and Maria Teresa, outspoken opponents of dictator Rafael Trujillo, were killed along with their driver, Rufino de la Cruz, in what the government described as an "automobile accident". When it was discovered that the four had been shot to death before their car was dumped into a ravine, on orders from Trujillo himself, public opinion turned against the dictator. Trujillo was assassinated six months later. The Mirabal sisters, popularly known as "Las Mariposas", were later the subject of the Julia Alvarez novel and the film adaptation, In the Time of the Butterflies. November the 25th is observed annually as "White Ribbon Day" in recognition of the sisters and other victims of violence against women.[72]
  • The last four daytime radio dramas—
    CBS Radio Network—were brought to an end. With more Americans turning from radio listeners to television viewers, the popularity of radio network programs had steadily declined since 1946.[73]
  • Born:

November 26, 1960 (Saturday)

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Keith Holyoake (National) and Walter Nash (Labour)

November 27, 1960 (Sunday)

November 28, 1960 (Monday)

  • The African state of
    Michel Debre. Daddah declared that "Mauritania ... will never forget what she owes the French people."[77][78]
  • A faint
    Morse Code signal was allegedly heard from a troubled spacecraft in Earth orbit, suggesting that an unannounced crewed Soviet space mission had failed.[79]
  • Born: John Galliano, British fashion designer; in Gibraltar

November 29, 1960 (Tuesday)

An R-5, the first missile to be struck by an anti-ballistic missile

November 30, 1960 (Wednesday)

One of the last DeSoto cars, the 1961 Fireflite[83]
  • Ten days after the
    Chrysler Corporation announced that it was ceasing production of its DeSoto line of automobiles, the very last DeSoto was built. Chrysler had built an additional 300 after the announcement to fill orders.[84]
  • Born:
  • Died: Henri Bouchard, 84, French sculptor

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Grimwood, James M. "PART II (B) Research and Development Phase of Project Mercury January 1960 through May 5, 1961". Project Mercury - A Chronology. NASA Special Publication-4001. NASA. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Chronology November 1960". The World Almanac and book of facts, 1961. New York World-Telegram. 1960. pp. 185–192.
  3. ^ Benelux website
  4. ^ Terry, John V. (1995). Dictionary for Business & Finance (3d. ed.). University of Arkansas Press. p. 28.
  5. ^ ElvisSingles.com
  6. ^ University of Kalyani website
  7. ^
    • Career statistics and player information from MLB
  8. ^ Brownlee, John (August 25, 2011). "Who Is Apple's New CEO Tim Cook? [Bio]". Cult of Mac. Archived from the original on October 28, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
  9. ^ "British Firm Wins Right to Publish 'Lady Chatterley'", Chicago Tribune, November 3, 1960, p15
  10. ^ Jeff Kurtti, The Great Movie Musical Trivia Book (Hal Leonard Corporation, 1996) p136
  11. ^ R M Vijayakar (November 3, 2020). "Red-Letter Day: Six Celebs Who Were Born Nov. 2". India West. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
  12. TIME Magazine. Time Inc.
    14 November 1960. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  13. ^ "In Milan Today: Mitropoulos Dies During Rehearsal". Desert Sun via UCR. 2 November 1960. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
  14. ^ "U.S. Satellite Eyes Space Radio Waves", Oakland Tribune, November 3, 1960, p1
  15. ^ ["Global warming prolongs life of space debris"], Reuters, December 11, 2006
  16. ^ "Swiss Hunting French Suspect in Slaying of Cameroon Leftist", New York Times, December 31, 1960, p2
  17. ^ "SOVIET COUP STORY RIDDLE", Sydney Morning Herald, November 6, 1960 p1
  18. ^ from Miami News editions of November 4, 1960: "Rumors Fly That Nik's Been Ousted" (2nd Ed.); "RUMORS FLY NIKITA'S OUT: World Buzzes, But Reds Deny It" (3rd.); "Nik Out? Just Rumor" (Final)
  19. ^ David Pietrusza, 1960--LBJ Vs. JFK Vs. Nixon: The Epic Campaign That Forged Three Presidencies (Sterling Publishing, 2008), p382; "Guards Grab Pair, Pistols", Milwaukee Journal, November 5, 1960, p2
  20. ^ Martin Gottfried, Arthur Miller: His Life and Work (Da Capo Press, 2004) p339
  21. ^ Regina Wagner, The History of Coffee in Guatemala (Villegas Asociados, 2001) p203
  22. .
  23. PLA Daily
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  24. ^ "Soviet Missiles". Archived from the original on 15 March 2012.
  25. ^ Darling v. Charleston Community Memorial Hospital, 211 N.E.2d 253 (1965)
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  27. – via Google Books.
  28. ^ "Mack Sennett, 76, Film Pioneer Who Developed Slapstick, Dies. Keystone Kops, Custard Pies and Bathing Beauties Were Symbols of His Movies". The New York Times. November 6, 1960.
  29. – via Google Books.
  30. ^ "Woman Is Killed By Subway Bomb", New York Times, November 7, 1960, p1; "Broken date brings death on 'A' Train", Baltimore Afro-American, November 12, 1960, p1
  31. ^ Matthews, David (February 24, 2016). "Inside the story of the Sunday Bomber, the New York City terrorist that was never caught". Splinter. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
  32. Encyclopaedia Britannica
    . Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  33. ^ "DFS Group: Our History"
  34. ^ "Airliner Falls Into Volcano", The Post-Standard (Syracuse, NY), November 8, 1960, p1
  35. ^ "Tiny Black Dot: Astronomers Predict Mercury Sun Transit", Victoria (TX) Advocate, November 6, 1960, p14
  36. ^ "Mercury Passage Seen Here", Battle Creek (MI) Enquirer, November 7, 1960, p3
  37. ^ "Nixon Goes Before Nation in Telethon", Oakland Tribune, November 7, 1960, p1
  38. ^ "Santos Rodriguez: The March of Justice — 1973", by Paula Bosse, FlashbackDallas.com
  39. .
  40. ^ USAElectionAtlas.org, David Leip
  41. ^ "Nixon Concedes Kennedy Victory", Oakland Tribune, November 9, 1960, p1
  42. ^ a b c Michael Brecher and Jonathan Wilkenfeld, A study of crisis (University of Michigan Press, 1997) p508.
  43. ^ "Lost in Space" Archived 2012-12-04 at the Wayback Machine by Kris Hollington, Fortean Times, July 2008
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  45. ^ Warren Roberts and Paul Poplawski, A Bibliography of D.H. Lawrence (3d. Ed., Cambridge University Press, 2001) p145
  46. ^ "50 Slain in Coup By Viet Nam Army", Oakland Tribune, November 11, 1960, p1
  47. ^ "TheGreatOceanLiners.com". Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  48. ^ "Space Weather" "Aurora Borealis Lights Up D.C. Area; Resultant Calls Light Switchboards", Washington Post, November 14, 1960, pA3
  49. PMID 12056429
    .
  50. ^ "Weapons of Mass Destruction", American Federation of Scientists
  51. ^ Jonas, Susanne (1991). The Battle for Guatemala: Rebels, Death Squads, and U.S. Power (5th ed.). Westview Press. p. 63.
  52. ^ Fishgall, Gary (2003). Gonna Do Great Things: The Life of Sammy Davis, Jr. Simon & Schuster. p. 178.
  53. ^ "May Britt Asks Divorce From Davis". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. August 21, 1968. p. 2.
  54. San Antonio Express
    . November 15, 1960. p. 1.
  55. ^ Aloian, Dr. Zurab. "On Peaceful Expression of Kurdish Linguistic Identity by Children in Syria". amude.net.
  56. ^ "New Orleans Grade Schools Integrated", Oakland Tribune, November 14, 1960, p1
  57. ^ "110 Dead in Crash of 2 Czech Trains", New York Times, November 16, 1960, p9
  58. ^ "Weapons of Mass Destruction", Security.org
  59. ^ a b John Piña Craven, The Silent War: The Cold War Battle Beneath the Sea (Simon & Schuster, 2002), p74
  60. ^ "The Party of Labor of Albania in Battle with Modern Revisionism".
  61. ^ "Clark Gable: King of Hollywood". The Huffington Post. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  62. ^ Gianoulis, Tina (August 16, 2005). "RuPaul (RuPaul Andre Charles)" (PDF). GLBTQ: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture. GLBTQ, Inc. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 12, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  63. Toledo Blade. Toledo, Ohio
    . November 18, 1960. p. 1.
  64. ^ Francis K. Mason, Hawker aircraft since 1920 (Naval Institute Press, 1991) p84
  65. ^ "Japan Voter No Neutral, Victor Says", Spokesman-Review (Spokane WA), November 22, 1960, p3
  66. Daytona Beach Morning Journal. Daytona Beach, Florida
    . November 22, 1960. p. 1.
  67. ^ Gareau, Frederick H. (2002). The United Nations and other international institutions: a critical analysis. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 178.
  68. ^ Monmonier, Mark (2000). Air Apparent: How Meteorologists Learned to Map, Predict, and Dramatize Weather. University of Chicago Press. pp. 123–124.
  69. NBA.com. Archived from the original
    on 2014-07-05. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
  70. ^ "Wilt Goes On Rebound Rampage", Miami News, November 25, 1960, p5C
  71. ^ Association for Professional Basketball Research
  72. ^ Serafín Méndez Méndez, et al., Notable Caribbeans and Caribbean Americans: a biographical dictionary (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003) pp312–313; "Celebrate 25 November: White Ribbon Day", Amnesty International website
  73. ^ Michael C. Keith, Talking Radio: An Oral History of American Radio in the Television Age (M.E. Sharpe, 2000) p46
  74. ^ Martin Torgoff, Can't Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age, 1945–2000 (Simon & Schuster, 2004) p74; Allen Ginsberg and Edmund White, Spontaneous Mind: Selected Interviews 1958–1996 (Harper Collins, 2002) p9
  75. ^ Aviation Safety Database
  76. ^ Edward Bliss, Now the News: The Story of Broadcast Journalism p375
  77. Pacific Stars and Stripes
    . November 29, 1960. p. 1.
  78. ^ The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  79. ^ Dark Matters: Twisted But True - Missing Cosmonaut Episode, 2011, television show, Science Channel, aired December 14, 2011 8-9am MST
  80. ^ Astronautix.com Archived 2010-01-07 at the Wayback Machine, Mark Wade
  81. ^ "Minnesota Scales Grid World Peak", Wisconsin State Journal (Madison WI), November 30, 1960, p3-1
  82. ^ Arthur M. Schlesinger and David Sobel, A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Houghton Mifflin, 1965) p88
  83. ^ attribution: Stephen J. Brown
  84. ^ "Last DeSoto Car Built Wednesday", Anderson (IN) Daily Bulletin, December 1, 1960, p12