November 1967

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November 10, 1967: The first color photo of Earth's entire disk is made

The following events occurred in November 1967:

November 1, 1967 (Wednesday)

  • General Assembly, describing Earth's oceans and seabed as "the common heritage of all mankind".[1] Pardo, acknowledging that his small nation of Mediterranean islands was one of the smallest members of the U.N., stated that "We are, naturally, vitally interested in the sea which surrounds us," and noted that the Maltese people were concerned about "the truly incalculable dangers for mankind as a whole were the sea-bed and ocean floor beyond present national jurisdiction to be progressively and competively [sic?] appropriated, exploited and used for military purposes by those who possess the required technology."[2] Pardo's speech would be the beginning of the process of getting the world's nations to agree upon what would become the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
    .
  • In Trento, a group of leftist Catholic students occupied university buildings, at the beginning of a violent wave of protests in the Italian campuses that would last for at least a decade. Many of Trento's protesters would play a primary role in the Italian New Left (Marco Boato, Mauro Rostagno) or in the Red Brigades (Renato Curcio, Mara Cagol).[3]
  • In India, the state of Kerala became the first in the nation to sell tickets for a state lottery, with each of the one rupee tickets (worth about 13 cents American) being eligible for the grand prize of 50,000 Indian rupees (equivalent to $6,700 U.S. dollars at the time) to be drawn on January 26, 1968.[4]
  • Nur Ahmad Etemadi became the new Prime Minister of Afghanistan after Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal resigned due to health reasons. Etemadi would serve until 1971, and would later be executed in 1979 for conspiring to overthrow the Afghan government.[5]
  • King Hussein of Jordan rejected a public proposal by Israel's Prime Minister Levi Eshkol for the leaders of the two neighboring nations to meet in person to begin peace talks. The statement came during a live interview in London on David Frost's talk show.[6]
  • President
    Houari Boumedienne of Algeria announced that, starting in 1968, compulsory military service would begin for all young men in the north African nation, a program that would give Algeria one of the largest standing armies on the continent.[7]
  • Robert S. McNamara presented President Johnson with a rather gloomy projection for the next 15 months in the Vietnam War.[8]
  • Born: Tina Arena, Australian singer and stage actress; as Filippina Lydia Arena in Keilor East, Victoria[9]
  • Died: Benita Hume, 60, English actress; from bone cancer[10]

November 2, 1967 (Thursday)

November 3, 1967 (Friday)

November 4, 1967 (Saturday)

November 5, 1967 (Sunday)

November 5, 1967: Launch of ATS-3
  • Cape Kennedy at 6:37 p.m. from Florida. It was the first satellite with the capability of sending back full color images of the Earth. Designed to function for three years, ATS-3 would continue transmitting images until its deactivation on December 1, 1978.[32]
  • Forty-nine people were killed in a train accident and 78 injured when a British Rail express train derailed outside London near Hither Green. Most of the victims were on their way back from a weekend at the seaside resort in Hastings.[33] A subsequent investigation would conclude that the piece of the rail which had broken was poorly supported and that while it had been adequate to support steam locomotives, "the smaller wheels of diesel and electric locomotives and units, combined with the high unsprung weight resulting from their axle-hung traction motors" had caused the tracks to wear out more quickly than forecast.[34]
  • A bloodless coup in the
    Abdul Rahman al-Iryani.[35] Sallal had been on his way to Moscow to attend the 50th anniversary of the Russian Revolution and to seek further aid for his regime after Egypt's recent withdrawal of troops; with news of the coup, he had his plane land in Baghdad and would spend the next 14 years in exile in Iraq.[36]
  • U.S. Vice President Hubert Humphrey was greeted by thousands of flag-waving locals when he arrived in Jakarta, Indonesia. The warm welcome was attributed to the hardline American policy on Communism.[37]
  • Born: Duilio Forte, Italian-Swedish architect; in Milan
  • Died:

November 6, 1967 (Monday)

  • Avco Broadcasting Corporation; in 1970, it would be syndicated to non-Avco stations and would become the most popular daytime talk show in the 1980s.[39]
  • Cesare Merzagora, president of the Italian Senate since 1953, resigned his position and confirmed his departure when the assembly rejected his decision. Merzagora, an independent elected in the Christian Democratic lists, had been heavily criticized, both by the majority and by the Communist opposition, for a speech criticizing, not too subtly, the economical politic of the center-left government and the institution of the regions. After his departure, he would join the Liberal Group and come back to his old activity as a businessman. Two days later, Christian Democrat Ennio Zelioli Lanzini was elected President of the Senate.[40]
  • Greater Cincinnati Airport after the pilot aborted takeoff in the belief that the Boeing 707 had collided with a Delta Air Lines jet on the side of the same runway. The jet was preparing to fly to Los Angeles, but the quick reaction of the pilot prevented a catastrophe, and although all 36 people on board were evacuated, one of them died in the hospital later.[41] Two weeks after Flight 159's near disaster, a TWA flight arriving at Cincinnati from Los Angeles would crash while attempting to land on the same runway, killing 70 people.[42]
  • Two editorials were published simultaneously in China's Communist party periodicals, People's Daily, Red Flag and People's Liberation Army Daily, calling upon a new campaign during the Cultural Revolution to begin "rectifying the class ranks". The essays, "Marching Forward on the Road Opened by the October Socialist Revolution", and "The Theory of the Continuing Revolution under the Dictatorship of the Proletariat",[43] would lead to a new purge of people accused of being "hidden class enemies".[44]
  • Born:

November 7, 1967 (Tuesday)

Corporation for Public Broadcasting
  • U.S. President Johnson signed the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 into law, establishing the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.[45][46] In his speech following the signing of the bill, President Johnson used the occasion to acknowledge the growth of communication over the previous century, and to describe his vision of the future. "I believe the time has come to enlist the computer and the satellite, as well as television and radio," Johnson said, "and to enlist them in the cause of education... I think we must consider new ways to build a great network for knowledge-not just a broadcast system, but one that employs every means of sending and of storing information that the individual can rise. Think of the lives that this would change. The student in a small college could tap the resources of a great university. The country doctor getting help from a distant laboratory or a teaching hospital; A scholar in Atlanta might draw instantly on a library in New York; A famous teacher could reach with ideas and inspirations into some far-off classroom, so that no child need be neglected. Eventually, I think this electronic knowledge bank could be as valuable as the Federal Reserve Bank. And such a system could involve other nations, too. It could involve them in a partnership to share knowledge and to thus enrich all mankind. A wild and visionary idea? Not at all. Yesterday's strangest dreams are today's headlines and change is getting swifter every moment. I have already asked my advisers to begin to explore the possibility of a network for knowledge--and then to draw up a suggested blueprint for it."[47]
October Revolution 50th anniversary medal

November 8, 1967 (Wednesday)

  • President Johnson signed into law a bill that ended gender discrimination in the United States Armed Services for promotion to higher rank. Prior to the enactment of the law, women could not be promoted to the rank of general or admiral. The new law also eliminated previous limits on the number of female officers at each level from U.S. Navy captain and U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine colonels and lower commissioned officer ranks.[55]
  • Radio Leicester, went on the air as the first of eight local broadcasters.[56]
  • Born: Courtney Thorne-Smith, American TV and film actress; in San Francisco

November 9, 1967 (Thursday)

November 9, 1967: Launch of Apollo 4
  • At 7:00 in the morning at
    George Mueller, to flight test all three stages of the Saturn V rocket at the same time, rather than wasting resources and time by first launching the three stages individually.[60] The noise from the powerful rocket was so loud that it shook the Launch Control Center and caused ceiling tiles to fall in the media site three miles away. NASA would subsequently engineer sound suppression into Saturn V rockets.[57]
USAF Captain Sijan
  • U.S. Air Force Captain Lance Sijan was shot down over North Vietnam, beginning an ordeal of survival that John McCain would later call "the most inspiring POW story of the war, a story of one man's peerless fidelity to our Code of Conduct".[61] Captain Sijan had fractured his skull and left leg and suffered a brain concussion, but would evade capture until December 25. After one successful escape from a prison camp in January, he would be recaptured and tortured, finally dying of illness at the "Hanoi Hilton" camp on January 22. During his interrogations, however, he refused to reveal any information other than his name, rank and serial number. He would posthumously be awarded the Medal of Honor on March 4, 1976.[62]
  • Cardinal
    Archbishop of Montreal, surprised the world by announcing his resignation from leading the largest Roman Catholic diocese in the British Commonwealth, in order to perform missionary work among lepers in central Africa. Cardinal Léger told a press conference that he had made his decision during the most recent synod of bishops in Vatican City, saying, "During the discussions on faith and atheism, my future became a question of conscience to me. It became clear to me that our Lord was asking me for deeds, as well as for words."[63] As the New York Times noted, "Vatican observers could recall no precedent for a prince of the church giving up a major archdiocese to become a pastoral pilgrim among the sufferers of one of the world's most dreaded diseases."[64]
  • The first issue of Rolling Stone magazine, dated November 9, 1967, made its debut as a newspaper printed and distributed in and around San Francisco.[65]
  • Died: Charles Bickford, 76, American film actor

November 10, 1967 (Friday)

Surveyor 6
  • The U.S. lunar probe Surveyor 6 made a soft landing on the Moon at 0101 UTC (8:01 p.m. November 9, Eastern Standard Time) and began transmitting the first of 29,952 television images back to Earth.[66] At a press conference afterward, NASA program manager Benjamin Milwitzky said, "We have now satisfied all our obligations to explore beforehand the four equatorial sites believed safest for manned landings in the Apollo program."[67] After touching down in the Sinus Medii, Surveyor 6 then became the first spacecraft to lift off from the Moon, briefly ascending in order to "hop" a few meters sideways, and providing the opportunity for three-dimensional (stereoscopic) images.[68]
  • ATS-3 transmitted the first color picture of Earth's entire disk (nearly all of the entire Western Hemisphere), after reaching a geostationary orbit of 22,236 miles (35,785 km) above the Equator and its intersection with the 47th meridian west,[69] a point within 100 miles of the Brazilian city of Belém. "However," one author would note later, "this image failed to have a major impact on the media."[70]
  • Jennifer Jones, 48, upset by her friend Charles Bickford's death, attempted suicide by barbiturate ingestion in Malibu; the evening before, she had called her private doctor, William Molley, confessing her intentions. Police, alerted by Molley, found Mrs. Jones on the beach, unconscious and about to be submerged by the rising tide. A timely gastric washout saved the actress' life.[71]
  • heart transplant from a human donor.[72]
  • Died:
    Taft Broadcasting Company, was killed in a freak explosion. Moments after he entered an underground fallout shelter on his estate in the Cincinnati suburb of Indian Hill, Ohio, a blast was heard. The body of Taft, the lone occupant of the 40-foot (12 m) by 70-foot (21 m) room, was recovered three hours later.[73]

November 11, 1967 (Saturday)

  • In
    William C. Westmoreland's office told reporters that the estimated number of Communist forces in the Vietnam War had declined to 242,000 men, following the previous announced assessment of 299,000 and explained that the decrease was due to "heavy casualties and plummeting morale"; in reality, the decrease came because Westmoreland's command had decided in July that some categories of Viet Cong fighters should be dropped from the total estimate, which had been tallied at 299,000 at the beginning of 1967 in order to maintain the public position that Communist forces were less than 300,000. In 1975, a former CIA employee, Samuel A. Adams, would reveal the falsifying of numbers in testimony before the U.S. House Intelligence Committee. Adams would also reveal that his review of CIA documents indicated that the strength of the enemy had actually been 600,000 during 1967.[74] Although the difficulties in attempting to put together an educated estimate of Viet Cong and North Vietnamese strength in South Vietnam was described in a CIA report on the subject as "we lack precise basic data on population size, rates of growth, and age distribution for both North and South Vietnam", "Our data and conclusions are therefore subject to continuing review and revision, especially since capabilities do not remain static."[75]
  • Three American prisoners of war were released by the
    Fort Bragg, North Carolina.[77] It was suggested that all three POWs had been brainwashed during their period of captivity with the Viet Cong.[78]
  • While on board the carrier USS Enterprise for Veterans Day, U.S. President Johnson appealed to the North Vietnamese hierarchy in Hanoi to come to the negotiation table to search for a peaceful solution to the war in Vietnam.[79] Predictably, the Hanoi regime once again rejected the prospect of negotiations a few days later.[80]
  • Twenty-five people were killed and 25 more seriously injured in
    Mae Sariang when the truck that they were riding on plunged into a ravine. The truck was reportedly "overloaded with plants, animal hides and passengers" on the way to the city of Chiang Mai.[81]
  • British representative at the United Nations
    Lord Caradon met with his American counterpart, Arthur Goldberg, to discuss potential resolutions to be submitted to the Security Council that might be acceptable to both Israel and the Arab countries.[82]
  • Born: Gil de Ferran, French-born Brazilian race car driver and 2003 Indianapolis 500 winner (d. 2023); in Paris

November 12, 1967 (Sunday)

  • American Airlines Flight 455 from Chicago to San Diego was damaged by "a crudely made bomb" that exploded in the baggage compartment while the Boeing 727 was over Alamosa, Colorado.[83] The jet, which had 81 passengers and crew on board, was able to land safely, despite the explosion, because most of the blasting caps rigged to a time bomb had failed to detonate. The FBI was able to trace the crime to Earle T. Cook, the manager of a bottling plant in Naperville, Illinois, whose wife had been one of the passengers among 78 intended victims.[84] Cook would be sentenced to 20 years in a federal prison; FBI investigators concluded that the bomb had malfunctioned because of the cavalier handling of Mrs. Cook's suitcase by one of the airline's baggage handlers, who unwittingly saved 81 lives because his "rough handling of the bomb bag at O'Hare airport caused dislodgement" of the mechanism.[85]
  • The Association of African Universities was founded in Morocco by representatives of 34 higher institutions of learning at a meeting at the Mohammed V University in Rabat.[86] Fifty years later, it would have 340 members.
  • Born: Giovanni Tommasi Ferroni, Italian painter; in Rome

November 13, 1967 (Monday)

November 14, 1967 (Tuesday)

  • Less than three months before the South Pacific island and UN Trust Territory of Nauru was scheduled to become an independent nation, the government of Australia concluded an agreement with the Nauru Local Government Council transferring all control of the island's primary industry, the mining of phosphate, to the Nauruans in return for payment of 21 million Australian dollars (roughly US$23,500,000 at the time).[98]
  • Born:
  • Died: U.S. Marine Corps Major General Bruno Hochmuth, 56, the commander of the 3rd Marine Division operating in the DMZ in Vietnam, was killed along with four other Marines and a South Vietnamese Army aide when the helicopter in which he was riding accidentally exploded and crashed as he was approaching the city of Huế.[99]

November 15, 1967 (Wednesday)

November 15, 1967: Firefighters survey the wreckage of Michael J. Adams' X-15
  • Died: Major
    X-15-3 rocket plane, in the only fatality of the X-15 program. The plane had been released over Nevada by a B-52 at 45,000 feet (14,000 m) at 10:30 in the morning. In less than three minutes, he had reached an altitude of 266,000 feet (81,000 m) — over 50 miles — and began having problems maintaining control. At 10:34, he reported "I'm in a spin," and 54 seconds later, the aircraft disintegrated.[103] The X-15-3 was at an altitude of 62,000 feet (19,000 m) when it broke up while diving at a speed of 3,800 feet per second — 2,600 miles per hour (4,200 km/h) — with impact in the desert near Johannesburg, California.[104]

November 16, 1967 (Thursday)

November 17, 1967 (Friday)

November 17, 1967: LBJ press conference
  • Acting on optimistic reports he had been given by General William Westmoreland and by U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam
    guerrilla war. It is a new kind of war for us. So it doesn't move that fast... We are making progress. We are pleased with the results that we are getting. We are inflicting greater losses than we are taking."[110][111] The President received rave reviews from all that saw this press conference, many newspapers calling it "Johnson's new style" while others said this was the "real Johnson" as the President bullishly informed Hanoi that the United States was prepared to protect their ally from invasion from an aggressive neighbor.[112]
  • French author and intellectual Régis Debray was sentenced to 30 years imprisonment in Bolivia by a military tribunal in the city of Camiri, after being convicted of having been a part of the late Che Guevara's guerrilla force.[113] Debray and his co-defendant, Roberto Bustos, would both be released during the Christmas holiday in 1970, after a campaign from supporters worldwide, and he would be flown by the Bolivian Air Force to the city of Iquique in Chile.[114] In 1973, Debray would be forced to flee Chile in the aftermath of the overthrow of Marxist President Salvador Allende.[115]
  • Only 11 people survived the crash of a bus that was making its regular run from Belgrade to the suburb of Obrenovac. The bus had been carrying at least 40 passengers, most of them women, when the driver attempted to pass a gasoline truck and lost control, sending the vehicle down into the Sava River. By the end of the day, 25 bodies had been recovered.[116]
  • In Milan, the students of the Catholic University, led by Mario Capanna, occupied the athenaeum to protest against a 50% increase in university taxes.[117]

November 18, 1967 (Saturday)

  • The British
    Robert Sheldon asked Callaghan to confirm that a one billion pound loan had been negotiated with foreign banks and when devaluation.[119] Ireland and Denmark announced that they would soon cut the value of their currencies as well.[120] The decision would trigger an economic crisis worldwide. Israel, Spain and Hong Kong would join in devaluation; New Zealand would devalue by 20% and Iceland by 24.6%;[121] the U.S. Federal Reserve Board, though not devaluing its dollar, increased the discount rate to 4½% the next day, and would see a growth in inflation in 1968.[122]
  • The Viet Cong announced its willingness to honor a seven-day ceasefire during the Tet holiday celebrated as the start of the lunar new year in both North Vietnam and South Vietnam, for a period running from January 27 through February 2, 1968.[123] The invitation, and its acceptance by the United States and South Vietnam, would be a prelude to the Tet Offensive; three days into the 1968 ceasefire, the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army would stage a massive surprise attack against U.S. and South Vietnamese forces and their allies.[124]
  • During meetings held in
    Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) as one method of overcoming certain problems that had been identified during the past several months. Following the discussions, it was decided to proceed as programmed.[125]
  • In
    Gigi Riva). Italy then headed Group 6 with a huge advantage.[126]

November 19, 1967 (Sunday)

  • Forty-two paratroopers of Company C of the U.S. Army's 173rd Airborne division were killed, and 45 injured, when an American F-100 flew in the wrong direction and dropped two bombs into the command outpost.[127] The incident of "friendly fire" accounted for most of the American casualties that day during the fight for Hill 175 in the Battle of Dak To, with 72 total dead and 85 wounded.[128][129][130]
  • U.S. President Johnson wrote to Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin, urging him to ensure Soviet support of the British resolution that potentially would be appearing before the United Nations Security Council in the next couple of days to start the peace process in the Middle East following the Six Day War.[131]
  • Newly elected South Vietnamese leader Nguyễn Văn Thiệu wrote to his North Vietnamese counterpart Ho Chi Minh to request secret talks to start a dialogue between the two countries to start the peace process.[132]
  • Died:

November 20, 1967 (Monday)

  • Greater Cincinnati Airport in northern Kentucky, killing 70 of the 82 people on board.[133][134] Shortly before 10:00 in the evening, and with a light snow falling, the Convair 880 jet had been cleared for a landing on the airport's Runway 18, which had no functioning runway approach lights, middle marker beacon or instrument landing system glide path system because of construction work. Coming in roughly 430 feet (130 m) to the right of the path toward the runway, the jet struck trees about 1.75 miles (2.82 km) from its destination, skidded, and then disintegrated on impact.[135][136]
  • At 11:04:15 in the morning
    U.S. Department of Commerce, registered "a net gain of one person every 14½ seconds based on one birth every 8½ seconds, one death every 17 seconds, an immigrant every 60 seconds and an emigrant every 23 minutes".[139]
  • Three days before
    U.S. Secret Service protection was to expire for the widow and two children of the late U.S. President John F. Kennedy (after the end of the four-year mandatory protection for an American president and his family after the president leaves office), President Johnson signed a bill extending the protection (which cost $210,000 per year) for another 15 months, until March 1, 1969.[140]
  • Singapore issued its own coins for the first time, in denominations of one, five, ten, twenty and fifty cents and one Singapore dollar. After independence, Singapore had relied upon the Malaya and British Borneo dollar that had been the common currency during its membership in the Malaysian Federation.[141]

November 21, 1967 (Tuesday)

  • Proclaiming that the United States had reached a turning point in Vietnam, U.S. Army General William Westmoreland told the National Press Club in Washington, "I am absolutely certain that whereas in 1965 the enemy was winning, today he is certainly losing." Westmoreland, commander of U.S. forces in the Vietnam War, said that "we have reached an important point... when the end begins to come into view", and forecast that a third phase of the war, when the U.S. would turn over control of the war effort to the South Vietnamese army, would start at the beginning of 1968.[142] Daniel Ellsberg would write later about Westmoreland's statement, "Misleading as it was, I think he believed it; certainly he knew it was the message Johnson desperately wanted him to deliver. It was also the message many people desperately wanted to hear. Unfortunately for Westmoreland, it was to be refuted only two months later in a spectacular fashion— not by a skeptical press but by the actions of the Vietcong themselves when they launched a sweeping offensive on January 29, 1968, the start of Tet, the lunar new year celebration that was Vietnam's major holiday."[143] The Viet Cong TET offensive, which saw the Viet Cong break an agreed ceasefire, ultimately ended in military defeat for the Communists.[144]
  • U.S. President Johnson signed the
    U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare was authorized to consult with state and local officials to designate "air quality control regions" (AQCRs) based on atmospheric conditions, and setting standards for quality within each AQCR.[145]
  • After 17 ministers of his United Front Party switched allegiance,
    Chief Minister of India's state of West Bengal. Governor Dharma Vira appointed P.C. Gosch to replace Mukherjee. Political upheaval would continue and the state of West Bengal would be placed under President's rule on February 20, 1968.[146]
  • Born: Ken Block, American rally driver and co-founder of DC Shoes (d. 2023); in Long Beach, California
  • Died:
    • Austrian School of economic thought to Italy, was killed by Osvaldo Queri, whom he had entrusted in the management of a building. Leoni had confronted Queri about administrative irregularities. After clumsy attempts to hide Leoni's body, Queri was discovered. He would be sentenced to 24 years in jail.[147]
    • Florence Reed, 84, American stage and film actress
    • C. M. Eddy Jr., 71, American horror story author

November 22, 1967 (Wednesday)

  • Arab–Israeli peace settlement including the return of captured territories in return for the Arab nations' acknowledgment of Israel's right to exist as a nation.[148] The wording of the resolution had been negotiated through the efforts of the United Kingdom's Ambassador to the United Nations, Lord Caradon.[149] The resolution called upon Israel to withdraw from the territories that it had captured during the Six-Day War, and for the Arab nations to recognize Israel's right to exist; Egypt and Jordan accepted the resolution on the condition that Israel withdraw, Israel accepted provided that the Arab states negotiate directly with it and finalize a comprehensive peace treaty, and Syria rejected it altogether.[150]
  • General Westmoreland said at a press conference that the Battle of Dak To was "the beginning of a great defeat" for the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army. "The enemy had planned to win a cheap war of so-called national liberation. But now the war has become enormously expensive for him. He has nothing to show for his investment. He has not won a significant battle in the south in the last one and a half years."[151]
  • In Italy, the Constitution was amended by Article 135. The terms of the Constitutional Court's judges were reduced from 12 to 9 years and their reelection was forbidden.[152]
  • The state of Haryana in India was placed under President's rule after 44 of its state legislators defected from the ruling United Front party to other parties.[153]
  • Born:

November 23, 1967 (Thursday)

November 23, 1967: Assault on Hill 875
  • After a five-day fight, American troops captured Hill 875 overlooking
    Dak To, in a one-hour charge on Thanksgiving Day to end the Battle of Dak To, one of the deadliest engagements of the Vietnam War.[154][155] In all, 361 Americans were killed, 15 missing in action, and 1,441 had been wounded. The South Vietnamese Army suffered 73 deaths. The North Vietnamese and Viet Cong lost more than 1,200 troops, with an indeterminate number of wounded, indicating, as one historian would note, that "A loss rate of 4 to 1" was "clearly acceptable to the North Vietnamese leadership."[130]

November 24, 1967 (Friday)

  • Plans to build a second deck for the famous Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco were rejected permanently by a vote of 9 to 4 at a meeting of the directors of the bridge and highway district's governing board.[156] For years, James Adam, the General Manager of the six-county district, had lobbied for turning the landmark into a double-decker highway bridge in order to relieve traffic congestion between the city and neighboring Marin County until board member Stephen C. Leonoudakis led the campaign to end the project and to seek expansion of mass transit and ferry services.[157]
  • In the aftermath of the devaluation of the
    British pound, frightened investors broke records for the second day in a row in the purchase of gold, and gold dealers in London reported that buying orders were "arriving in 'near panic' proportions from all over the world". In Paris, where the daily sales had averaged 2,460,000 U.S. dollars (12.3 million francs) before the devaluation, the sale on Friday was $12,560,000 (Fr 62,800,000); the trading in Johannesburg's gold exchange was "near pandemonium".[158]
  • The Chick-fil-A chain of shopping mall chicken restaurants was inaugurated by S. Truett Cathy, with the opening of a location inside the Greenbriar Mall to sell Truett's chicken fillet sandwiches.[159] For its first 19 years, the chain would be limited to indoor shopping malls until inaugurating its first stand-alone location in 1986.[159]

November 25, 1967 (Saturday)

  • Hundreds of people in the city of Chiquinquirá, in Colombia, were poisoned, and 81 died, after eating bread that had been made with flour that had been contaminated with parathion, a liquid insecticide.[160] All but ten of the deaths were children; the deaths would later be attributed to an accident that happened when the flour and the parathion were being transported in the same delivery truck. When the truck driver made a sharp turn, three of the containers of parathion shattered and spilled into the bags of flour, which was then delivered to the bakery.[161] Murder charges would later be filed against a Bogotá truck driver who had delivered the flour and the owner of the bakery that had baked and sold the bread to local residents.[162]
  • A heavy downpour that would lead to the deaths of 462 people began in Portugal at 6:00 in the evening. Falling on the area in and around Lisbon, 3.6 inches (91 mm) of rain came down in the next six hours, and another inch after midnight, causing the Tagus River and its tributaries to overflow. In the Lisbon suburb of Odivelas, 64 people were killed and 90 died in the village of Quintas, but most of the deaths came in Lisbon's slums, where three million of its nine million people lived.[163][164][165]
  • In Rimini, the first important meeting of the so-called "dissenting Catholics" was held, organized by the Marian Circle, about "The end of the Catholics' political unity, the social-democracy at the power and the perspectives of the Italian left". Present were Wladimiro Dorigo, Luigi Anderlini and Achille Occhetto.[166]
  • Tehran Research Reactor, was inaugurated at the Amir Abad campus of the University of Tehran. Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi had sought the reactor and construction of the structure had commenced in 1958.[167]
  • Born: Anthony Nesty, Trinidadian-born swimmer who won an Olympic gold medal competing for Suriname in the 100m butterfly; in Port of Spain[168]

November 26, 1967 (Sunday)

  • In a meeting in
    Banca d'Italia, the De Nederlandsche Bank, the Swiss National Bank and the National Bank of Belgium worked together on a commitment to sustain the United Kingdom's collapsing currency and that of other economies. France, which had pulled out of the "gold pool" five months earlier and was blamed for trying to profit from the crisis, did not participate.[169] Over the next four months, the banks would strive to keep the fixed price of gold at 35 U.S. dollars per ounce, but demand would rise "to panic proportions" in the spring of 1968 and the London gold market would temporarily close on March 15 to stop a further drain on its monetary reserves.[170]
  • On the Moon at Sinus Medii, the American Surveyor 6 lunar probe received commands from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California on Earth, to power down for hibernation during the 15 day "lunar night" when the surface around the landing site was not illuminated by the Sun. It would be reactivated on December 14 and operate briefly.[66]
  • Died: Albert Warner (born Abraham Wonsal), 83, Polish-born American film executive and co-founder of Warner Bros.

November 27, 1967 (Monday)

  • France's President Charles de Gaulle announced at a press conference in Paris that he would again veto the application by the United Kingdom to join the six-member European Economic Community, referred to in the press as the "Common Market".[171] Citing the UK's balance of payments deficit and its problems with the pound sterling, de Gaulle said that British entry to the EEC "would obviously mean the breaking up of a Community which has been built and which functions according to rules which would not bear such a monumental exception."[172] The first denial had taken place in 1961; the formal veto of the British application (and those of Denmark, Ireland, and Norway) would take place on December 19. The UK, Denmark and Ireland would become EEC members in 1973.[173]
  • Students at the University of Turin in Italy began a shutdown of the campus and triggered a protest movement that, in the spring of 1968, would see the student takeover of nearly all of the Italian universities. The issue at Turin had been an opposition to the university's authoritarian power over the students, and the protesters demanded that student assemblies be given "nothing less than full control over the curriculum, classrooms, and life of the university."[174] The occupation of Campana Palace marked the spread of the Italian Protest movement, born in the Catholic universities of Trento and Milan, to the state universities. By May, similar student protests would be taking place around the world.
  • For the first time in public opinion polls, New York U.S. Senator
    Harris poll of likely Democrat voters of who they wanted to receive the 1968 Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States. More than half of the people surveyed, 52 percent, said that they preferred Kennedy, while 32 percent wanted to see Johnson renominated, and another 16 percent were undecided.[175] However, the Harris poll was contradicted by the Gallup Poll, which showed Johnson's popularity rising, with most of Robert Kennedy's support coming from young people and women.[176]
  • Magical Mystery Tour in the United States, with the addition of new songs to those on the album's release (as a single EP) in the United Kingdom. Added to the U.S. release were "All You Need Is Love", "Penny Lane", "Strawberry Fields Forever", "Baby, You're a Rich Man" and "Hello, Goodbye". The double EP would go on sale in the UK on December 8.[177]
  • The Joint Chiefs of Staff presented Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara with their proposed plans for the next four months in the Vietnam War. The recommendations included not agreeing to a truce period during the upcoming Tet celebrations, a truce which the Viet Cong would famously go on to violate.[178]
  • The 303 Committee of the
    CIA proposed that the U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam, Ellsworth Bunker, be allocated funds to be distributed throughout the South Vietnamese political structure to enhance the emerging parties as the country's fledgling democracy developed.[179]
  • Israeli Prime Minister Levi Eshkol requested through the U.S. Ambassador to Israel, Walworth Barbour, that the U.S. supply Israel with 77 fighter jets to counteract those supplied to Egypt by the Soviet Union.[180]
  • Cambodian Head of State Norodom Sihanouk reacted to U.S. press reports that the Viet Cong were using bases in Cambodia as sanctuaries by expelling all foreign journalists from the country.[181]

November 28, 1967 (Tuesday)

  • Confirmation of the discovery of the first pulsar to be detected by Earth observers was made by astronomers Jocelyn Bell and Antony Hewish. Bell had first observed the object from the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory in Britain on August 6, when aiming a radio telescope at the constellation of Vulpecula. The stellar object was designated originally as Cambridge Pulsar 1919 (because of its coordinates of 19h 19m right ascension) and later referred to as PSR B1919+21.[182]
  • Rumors were circulating that Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara would soon be leaving the administration of U.S. President Johnson to become the President of the World Bank. It was reported that current Governor of Texas John Connally would replace McNamara.[183]
  • Born: Anna Nicole Smith, American model, actress and television personality; as Vickie Lynn Hogan in Houston (died of drug overdose, 2007)
  • Died:
    Albert-Bernard Bongo (later Omar Bongo) who had been performing the executive duties during M'Ba's absence.[184]

November 29, 1967 (Wednesday)

  • Colonel David Morgan and the
    High Commissioner of Aden, would conclude in his report to British Foreign Secretary George Brown, "No one can be satisfied at the way in which we handed over the Colony of Aden without elections, to a party which had fought its way to power... But, given the situation in May 1967... the end might have been very much worse, and I do not believe that any action by us in the last months could have made it any better." He added "But in the end we went in peace and with dignity, and left behind a government which, however doubtful its antecedents, had relied principally on local support and has as good a chance as any South Arabian Government could have of administering the country in relative peace."[187]
  • WRESAT, the Weapons Research Establishment Satellite, was launched from the Woomera Rocket Range near Woomera, South Australia at 2:18 in the afternoon local time (04:48 UTC), as the Commonwealth of Australia became the fourth nation (after the Soviet Union, the United States, and France) to put a spacecraft into orbit.[188] WRESAT would transmit data during 73 orbits of the Earth and remain in outer space for six weeks until re-entering the atmosphere and burning up on January 10, 1968.[189]
  • After President Johnson, under advisement from a large majority of his advisors rejected his recommendations to freeze troop levels, stop the bombing of
    Robert S. McNamara announced his resignation and accepted a post as the President of the International Monetary Fund, commonly known as the World Bank.[190]
  • In
    Fosse Ardeatine, and delivered a message to the Chamber of Deputies and to the United States Embassy papers, asking for the Italian government to cease its support for the war in Indochina.[191]
  • Ten days after he had made the decision to devalue the
    British pound, Chancellor of the Exchequer James Callaghan resigned. Home Secretary Roy Jenkins succeeded Callaghan at the financial position, and Callaghan took the position vacated by Jenkins.[192]
  • The collapse of the Sempor Dam in Indonesia killed 160 people in Central Java, with water and mud sweeping over three towns, including Magelang.[193][194]
  • Died:

November 30, 1967 (Thursday)

North Yemen
South Yemen
  • With the departure of British troops hours earlier, the leaders of Yemen's
    Republic of Yemen.[198]
  • The
    George M. Low and Robert F. Thompson, said: "Within the scope of the AAP program, it is desirable that an in-depth evaluation of a recovered CM be made as early as possible to fully determine the technical feasibility and economy of refurbishment and reuse of recovered Apollo Command Modules." They added that as a prerequisite to test and evaluation for refurbishment potential, saltwater corrosive effects must be minimized on recovered spacecraft. This would involve some postflight operations to be performed aboard the recovery ship: dropping the aft heat shield, flushing the pressure shell, and drying and packaging for subsequent test and evaluation. Low and Thompson were requested to coordinate and jointly establish postflight handling and test requirements for spacecraft 020 in a manner ensuring no impact on the Apollo 6 schedule or the postflight evaluation of the recovered spacecraft.[125]
  • U.S. Senator Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota announced his candidacy for the 1968 Democratic Party presidential nomination, in a direct challenge to the renomination of President Johnson. McCarthy said that he would enter the presidential primaries in Wisconsin, Nebraska, Oregon and California, and that he would probably declare for New Hampshire and Massachusetts as well.[199] Although McCarthy, ultimately, would not win the nomination, President Johnson would only narrowly defeat McCarthy in the March 12 New Hampshire primary (by a margin of only 230 votes) and would announce at the end of that month that he would not seek re-election.[200]
  • An earthquake along the border of
    Republic of Macedonia)[201] and destroyed 2,000 buildings in the Albanian district of Dibër
    .
  • Pro-Soviet communists in the Philippines established the
    Malayang Pagkakaisa ng Kabataan Pilipino
    (MPKP) as the Philippine Communist Party's new youth wing.
  • At a convention in Lahore, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto founded the Pakistan People's Party, commonly known as the PPP, and became its first chairman.[202]
  • Died:
    Allan T. Waterman, 75, American physicist and the first director of the National Science Foundation

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