Novorossiysk
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Novorossiysk
Новороссийск | |
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City[1] | |
Postal code(s)[8] | 353900–353903, 353905–353907, 353909–353913, 353915–353925, 353960, 353999 |
Dialing code(s) | +7 8617 |
OKTMO ID | 03720000001 |
City Day | September 12 |
Website | admnvrsk |
Novorossiysk (
History
In antiquity, the shores of the
Following brief periods of Roman and Khazar control, from the 9th century onwards, the area was part of the Byzantine θέμα Χερσῶνος Thema Khersonos (Province of Cherson).
During the 11th century, the area was overrun and controlled by nomads from the Eurasian steppe, led by the
In the 15th century, Genoese merchants from the Ghisolfi family maintained a trade outpost in the area. A 2007 archaeological investigation of related sites discovered some interesting items.[16]
From 1722, the bay was controlled by an Ottoman fortress (qale) named Sujuk (also transliterated Sudzhuk, Sudschuk and Soğucak). This name may be derived from Susaco (see above) and, as late as 1769, the area was sometimes named in European maps as Suzako.[citation needed]
The coastline was ceded to Russia in 1829 as a result of the
During the rest of the 19th century, Novorossiysk developed rapidly. It was granted city status in 1866 and became the capital of the
During World War II, most of the city was occupied by the German and Romanian Armies on 10 September 1942.[17] A small unit of Soviet sailors defended one part of the city, known as Malaya Zemlya, for 225 days beginning on 4 February 1943, and the town was liberated by the Red Army on September 16, 1943. The heroic defense of the port by the sailors allowed the Soviets to retain possession of the city's bay, which prevented the Axis from using the port for supply shipments. Novorossiysk was awarded the title Hero City in 1973.
In 1960, the town was commemorated in Dmitri Shostakovich's work Novorossiysk Chimes, the Flame of Eternal Glory (Opus 111b).
In 2003, President Vladimir Putin signed a decree setting up a naval base for the Black Sea Fleet in Novorossiysk. Russia has allocated 12.3 billion rubles (about $480 million) for the construction of the new base between 2007 and 2012. The construction of other facilities and infrastructure at the base, including units for coastal troops, aviation and logistics, will continue beyond 2012.[18] Russia planned to move the Black Sea Fleet with 80 warships and its headquarters from Sevastopol to Novorossiysk base in 2020.[19]
The Russian lease on port facilities in
Administrative and municipal status
Within the
Geography
The city is located on the
The area of Novorossiysk is one of Russia's main wine-growing regions. The
Climate
Novorossiysk has a borderline
Climate data for Novorossiysk (1936-1987) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 22.8 (73.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
25.0 (77.0) |
28.0 (82.4) |
31.8 (89.2) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.0 (102.2) |
36.1 (97.0) |
34.0 (93.2) |
30.0 (86.0) |
28.0 (82.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) |
6.5 (43.7) |
9.7 (49.5) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.6 (67.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.7 (81.9) |
23.1 (73.6) |
17.2 (63.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
8.8 (47.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) |
3.6 (38.5) |
6.3 (43.3) |
11.5 (52.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.5 (74.3) |
18.9 (66.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
5.9 (42.6) |
13.0 (55.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) |
0.5 (32.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
8.2 (46.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
20.0 (68.0) |
19.7 (67.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
6.2 (43.2) |
2.8 (37.0) |
9.5 (49.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | −18.0 (−0.4) |
−17.0 (1.4) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
2.0 (35.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
−18.0 (−0.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 125.6 (4.94) |
76.6 (3.02) |
104.7 (4.12) |
58.6 (2.31) |
41.5 (1.63) |
49.9 (1.96) |
38.5 (1.52) |
50.9 (2.00) |
35.9 (1.41) |
61.0 (2.40) |
61.4 (2.42) |
156.2 (6.15) |
860.2 (33.87) |
Average precipitation days | 8.6 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 9.4 | 69.8 |
Source: climatebase.ru[22] |
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1897 | 16,897 | — |
1926 | 67,941 | +302.1% |
1939 | 95,240 | +40.2% |
1959 | 93,461 | −1.9% |
1970 | 132,744 | +42.0% |
1979 | 159,135 | +19.9% |
1989 | 185,938 | +16.8% |
2002 | 232,079 | +24.8% |
2010 | 241,952 | +4.3% |
2021 | 262,293 | +8.4% |
Source: Census data[23] |
Economy
The city sprawls along the shore of the
The Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port–with the market capitalization of $1,110,000,000 and shares listed at Moscow Exchange and London Stock Exchange–serves Russian sea trade with regions of Asia, Middle East, Africa, Mediterranean, and South America. It is the busiest oil port in the Black Sea and the terminus of the pipeline from the Tengiz Field, developed by the Caspian Pipeline Consortium.[24]
Novorossiysk is also an industrial city, dependent on steel, food processing, and the production of metal goods and other manufactures. Extensive limestone quarries supply important cement factories in and around the city. The town is home to the Maritime State Academy[25] and Novorossiysk Polytechnic Institute.[26]
Transportation
Novorossiysk is the biggest Russian seaport. In 2019 cargo turnover amounted to 142,5m tons[27] In 2021 cargo turnover amounted to 105,2m tons[28]
Novorossiysk is connected by rail and highways to the main industrial and population centres of Russia, Transcaucasia, and Central Asia. The public transportation within the city boundaries consists of city buses, trolleybuses, and marshrutkas (routed taxis). However, with time, more and more people rely on automobiles as primary means of transportation.
The closest airports (
Sports
The city association football team, FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk, plays in the Russian second Division.
Buildings and structures
- Novorossiysk TV Tower
- Shopping Mall "Krasnaya Ploshchad"
- "Lenin's" Amusement Park
- Malaya Zemlya Memorial[29]
Notable residents
- Seitumer Emin (1921 – 2004), Crimean Tatar writer and civil rights activist
- Ida Nudel (1931 – 2021), refusenik and Israeli activist
- Eugene Kaspersky (born 1956), founder of Kaspersky Labs
- Emir-Usein Kuku (born 1976), Crimean Tatar human rights defender
- Eduard Sarkisov, football coach and a former player
- Georges Gurvitch, Russian-French sociologist and philosopher
- Viktor Petrovich Skarzhinsky (1787 – 1861) – chamberlain, Novorossiysk landowner and forester, Kherson provincial leader of the nobility.
Twin towns and sister cities
Novorossiysk is
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Gallery
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03
- ^ "Мэром Новороссийска стал Андрей Кравченко". expertsouth.ru. December 24, 2021.
- ^ "Генеральный план городского округа муниципального образования город Новороссийск Краснодарского края. Схема административно-территориальных границ".
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ a b c Law #686-KZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ "Рейтинг крупнейших портов Черного моря | газета Новый Севастополь". Archived from the original on October 20, 2012.
- ^ "Expert.ru - Крупнейшие порты России". Archived from the original on July 27, 2012.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ 11.2.14 http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-grc1:11.2.14
- ^ a b Green, Caitlin (May 19, 2015). "The medieval 'New England': a forgotten Anglo-Saxon colony on the north-eastern Black Sea coast". Retrieved February 25, 2018.
- ^ "Официальный сайт администрации города-героя Новороссийска - Content". May 25, 2007. Archived from the original on May 25, 2007.
- ^ Robert Forczyk, The Caucasus 1942–43: Kleist’s race for oil
- ^ "Novorossiysk Naval Base Construction: First Phase to Finish Late in 2013".
- ^ Oğuz, Şafak (May 1, 2017). "Russian Hybrid Warfare and Its Implications in The Black Sea". Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi. 1 (1): 11. Archived from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
- ^ Michael J. Strauss (January 9, 2009). "And when the lease on Sevastopol expires?". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved January 9, 2009.
- ISBN 1409424677(page 82)
- ^ "Novorossijsk Climate Data". Climatebase. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
- ^ "Novorossiysk#Demographics (Russian Wikipedia)" (in Russian).
- S2CID 218950016.
- ^ "Главная". www.aumsu.ru. Archived from the original on February 23, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
- ^ "Home". nbkstu.org.ru. Archived from the original on March 9, 2008. Retrieved May 17, 2006.
- ^ Грузооборот Новороссийского торгового порта в 2019 году вырос на 7,8%
- ^ Грузооборот Новороссийского морского торгового порта за год вырос на 3,8%
- ^ "Memorial "Malaya Zemlya" - Novorossiysk - TracesOfWar.com". www.tracesofwar.com.
- ^ Международные Связи - Администрация муниципального образования город-герой Новороссийск (in Russian). Archived from the original on December 23, 2011. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ "Plymouth - Town Twinning". Plymouth City Council. Archived from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
- ^ "Međunarodna suradnja Grada Pule". Grad Pula (in Croatian and Italian). Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2013.
Sources
- Управление по взаимодействию с органами местного самоуправления Администрации Краснодарского края. Справочная информация №34.01-707/13-03 от 23 мая 2013 г. «Реестр административно-территориальных единиц Краснодарского края». (Department of Cooperation with the Organs of the Local Self-Government of the Administration of Krasnodar Krai. Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03 of May 23, 2013 Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Krasnodar Krai. ).
- Законодательное Собрание Краснодарского края. Закон №686-КЗ от 1 апреля 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципального образования город Новороссийск и наделении его статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №1756-КЗ от 3 июня 2009 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Краснодарского края об установлении границ муниципальных образований». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", №64–65, 17 апреля 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai. Law #686-KZ of April 1, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the City of Novorossiysk and on Granting It Urban Okrug Status, as amended by the Law #1756-KZ of June 3, 2009 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Krasnodar Krai on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links
- Official website of Novorossiysk (in Russian)
- Novorossiysk commercial sea port
- Informational portal of city (in Russian)
- Our Novorossiysk (in Russian)
- Site of Novorossiysk City. Map of Novorossiysk Archived July 31, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- Photos of Novorossiysk (in Russian)
- Novorossiysk Police Department Archived April 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- Soviet topographic map 1:100,000