Novum Testamentum Graece
Language | Koine Greek |
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Website | Official NA28 text on www.academic-bible.com "The Novum Testamentum Graece (Nestle–Aland) and its history" on www.academic-bible.com |
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Novum Testamentum Graece (The New Testament in Greek) is a
The title is sometimes applied to the United Bible Societies (UBS) edition, which contains the same text (its fifth edition referred to as UBS5, contains the text from NA28). The UBS edition is aimed at translators and so focuses on variants that are important for the meaning whereas the NA includes more variants.
Methodology
The Greek text as presented is what biblical
Most scholars view
The Novum Testamentum Graece apparatus summarizes the evidence (from manuscripts and versions) for, and sometimes against, a selection of the most important variants for the study of the text of the New Testament. While eschewing completeness (in the range of variants and in the citation of witnesses), this edition does provide informed readers with a basis by which they can judge for themselves which readings more accurately reflect the originals. The Greek text of the 28th edition is the same as that of the 5th edition of the United Bible Societies' The Greek New Testament (abbreviated UBS5) although there are a few differences between them in paragraphing, capitalization, punctuation and spelling.[6]
Editions
History
Eberhard's son Erwin Nestle took over after his father's death and issued the 13th edition in 1927. This edition introduced a separate critical apparatus and finally introduced consistency to the majority reading principle.[7] In the apparatus only a few minuscules were included.[8]
Kurt Aland became the associate editor of the 21st edition in 1952. At Erwin Nestle's request, he reviewed and expanded the critical apparatus, adding many more manuscripts. This eventually led to the 25th edition of 1963. The most important Papyri and newly discovered Uncials, as 0189, a few Minuscules (33, 614, 2814), occasionally also lectionaries were taken into account.[9]
Members of the Editorial Committee of the United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament comprise:
- UBS1, 1966
- Bruce Metzger, Allen Wikgren.[10]
- UBS2, 1968
- Bruce Metzger, Allen Wikgren.
- UBS3, 1975
- Bruce Metzger, Allen Wikgren.
- UBS4, 1993
- Bruce Metzger
- UBS5, 2014
- Bruce Metzger in co-operation with the Institute for New Testament Textual Research, Münster[11]
In 2011 the Global Board of the
A more complete set of variants is listed in the multiple volume Novum Testamentum Graecum – Editio Critica Maior. A small number of textual changes in the most current edition were incorporated in the 28th edition of the Nestle–Aland,[14] published in 2012. Papyri 117-127 were used in this edition.
Current editions
The NA28 text is published by Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft (the German Bible Society).[15]
- Greek:
- Novum Testamentum Graece, Standard 28th edition, ISBN 978-3-438-05140-0(2012).
- Novum Testamentum Graece, Large Print 27th edition, ISBN 978-3-438-05103-5(1993).
- Novum Testamentum Graece, Wide Margin 27th edition, ISBN 978-3-438-05135-6
- Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th edition with A Concise Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament (by ISBN 978-3-438-05160-8
- Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th edition with Greek-German Dictionary, ISBN 978-3-438-05159-2
- Biblia Sacra Utriusque Testamenti Editio Hebraica et Graeca (NA27 with the ISBN 978-3-438-05250-6
- Novum Testamentum Graece, Standard 28th edition,
- Diglot:
- Das Neue Testament Griechisch und Deutsch, ISBN 978-3-438-05406-7(with revised Luther and Common Bible in parallel columns)
- Nestle–Aland Greek-English New Testament, ISBN 978-3-438-05408-1 (with Revised Standard Version, 2nd edition)
- ISBN 978-3-438-05420-3
- Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine, ISBN 978-3-438-05401-2 (with Nova Vulgata)
- Nuovo Testamento Greco-Italiano, ISBN 978-3-438-05409-8(with the Versione Conferenza Episcopale Italiana)
- Das Neue Testament Griechisch und Deutsch,
Accuracy of manuscripts
In The Text of the New Testament,
Book | Verses | Variant-free verses | Percentage | Average variants per page |
---|---|---|---|---|
Matthew | 1071 | 642 | 59.9% | 6.8 |
Mark | 678 | 306 | 45.1% | 10.3 |
Luke | 1151 | 658 | 57.2% | 6.9 |
John | 869 | 450 | 51.8% | 8.5 |
Acts | 1006 | 677 | 67.3% | 4.2 |
Romans | 433 | 327 | 75.5% | 2.9 |
1 Corinthians | 437 | 331 | 75.7% | 3.5 |
2 Corinthians | 256 | 200 | 78.1% | 2.8 |
Galatians | 149 | 114 | 76.5% | 3.3 |
Ephesians | 155 | 118 | 76.1% | 2.9 |
Philippians | 104 | 73 | 70.2% | 2.5 |
Colossians | 95 | 69 | 72.6% | 3.4 |
1 Thessalonians | 89 | 61 | 68.5% | 4.1 |
2 Thessalonians | 47 | 34 | 72.3% | 3.1 |
1 Timothy | 113 | 92 | 81.4% | 2.9 |
2 Timothy | 83 | 66 | 79.5% | 2.8 |
Titus | 46 | 33 | 71.7% | 2.3 |
Philemon | 25 | 19 | 76.0% | 5.1 |
Hebrews | 303 | 234 | 77.2% | 2.9 |
James | 108 | 66 | 61.6% | 5.6 |
1 Peter | 105 | 70 | 66.6% | 5.7 |
2 Peter | 61 | 32 | 52.5% | 6.5 |
1 John | 105 | 76 | 72.4% | 2.8 |
2 John | 13 | 8 | 61.5% | 4.5 |
3 John | 15 | 11 | 73.3% | 3.2 |
Jude | 25 | 18 | 72.0% | 4.2 |
Revelation | 405 | 214 | 52.8% | 5.1 |
Total | 7947 | 4999 | 62.9% |
Influence
A comparison of the textual and stylistic choices of twenty translations against 15,000 variant readings shows the following rank of agreement with the Nestle–Aland 27th edition:[18]
Abbreviation | Name | Relative agreement |
---|---|---|
NASB | New American Standard Bible | 1 |
ASV | American Standard Version | 2 |
NASB | New American Standard (1995 update) | 3 |
NAB | New American Bible | 4 |
ESV | English Standard Version | 5 |
HCS | Holman Christian Standard | 6 |
NRSV | New Revised Standard Version | 7 |
NET | New English Translation | 8 |
RSV | Revised Standard Version | 9 |
NIV | New International Version | 10 |
NJB | New Jerusalem Bible | 11 |
REB | Revised English Bible | 12 |
JNT | Jewish New Testament |
13 |
GNB | Good News Bible | 14 |
NLT | New Living Translation | 15 |
DRA | Douay-Rheims (American edition) |
16 |
TLB | The Living Bible | 17 |
MRD | Murdock Peshitta translation | 18 |
NKJV | New King James Version | 19 |
KJV | King James Version | 20 |
See also
- Alexandrian text-type
- Byzantine text-type
- Caesarean text-type
- List of Bible verses not included in modern translations
- List of major textual variants in the New Testament
- Textual criticism
- Textus Receptus
- Westcott-Hort
- Western text-type
References
- ^ Robinson, Maurice A. and William G. Pierpont (2005). The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform. Southborough: Chilton.
- ^ Pickering, Wilbur (2012). The Identity of the New Testament Text III. Eugene: Wipf and Stock.
- ^ Fee, Gordon (1979). "A Critique of W. N. Pickering's The Identity of the New Testament Text" Westminster Theological Journal, 41. 397–423.
- ^ Metzger, Bruce (1992). The Text of the New Testament. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. 290–293.
- ^ a b Novum Testamentum Graece (1993) Barbara and Kurt Aland, eds. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. 12*.
- ^ Elliott, J. K. (1996). "A Comparison of Two Recent Greek New Testaments", The Expository Times, Volume 107, Number 4, pages 105–106.
- ISBN 9780802840981.
- ^ Holmes 2003, p. 127.
- ^ Holmes 2003, p. 128.
- ^ The Greek New Testament and its history– The Scholarly Bible Portal of the German Bible Society. Archived 2017-06-13 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Comparison NA28 – UBS5 – The Scholarly Bible Portal of the German Bible Society.
- ^ CENNI STORICI E FINALITA’ – Pontificio Istituto Biblico – 2011.
- ^ New editorial committee appointed in 2011 by the United Bible Societies – The Scholarly Bible Portal of the German Bible Society.
- ^ University of Bremen list of textual updates for Nestle–Aland 28 Archived 2008-04-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Novum Testamentum Graece History, German Bible Society, Retrieved February 19, 2021
- ^ a b Aland, K.; Aland, B. (1995) The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions & to the Theory & Practice of Modern Textual Criticism, op. cit., pp. 29–30.
- ^ Wallace, Daniel. "The Majority Text and the Original Text: Are They Identical?". Retrieved 23 November 2013.
- ^ Clontz, T.E. (2008), The Comprehensive New Testament. Clewiston: Cornerstone Publications. ii, iii, vii; graphs on iii and back cover.
Bibliography
- Holmes, Michael W. (2003). "From Nestle to the 'Editio Critica Maior'". The Bible as Book: The Transmission of the Greek Text. London. ISBN 0-7123-4727-5.)
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External links
- Official Novum Testamentum Graece (28th ed., 2012) text on www.academic-bible.com
- "The Novum Testamentum Graece (Nestle–Aland) and its history" on www.academic-bible.com
- Nestle's "The Greek New Testament (1904 ed.)" text digitized on biblicaltext.com
- Nestle's "The Greek New Testament (1904 ed.)" on archive.org with critical apparatus