Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System

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The transport of pipe segments for the Great Man-Made River in the Sahara desert, Libya, during the 1980s: a network of pipes that supplies water from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System, a fossil aquifer in the Sahara desert of Libya. The Great Man-Made River is the world's largest irrigation project.

The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) is the world's largest known fossil water aquifer system. It is located underground in the Eastern end of the Sahara desert and spans the political boundaries of four countries in north-eastern Africa.[1] NSAS covers a land area spanning just over two million km2, including north-western Sudan, north-eastern Chad, south-eastern Libya, and most of Egypt. Containing an estimated 150,000 km3 of groundwater,[2] the significance of the NSAS as a potential water resource for future development programs in these countries is large. The Great Man-Made River (GMMR) project in Libya makes use of the system, extracting substantial amounts of water from this aquifer, removing an estimated 2.4 km3 of fresh water for consumption and agriculture per year.

Characteristics

Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System

Since 2001, the

tectonic settings are having a substantial effect on groundwater flow patterns and the area's overall aquifer potentiality, which is considered relatively low when compared to neighboring areas in eastern Oweinat or Dakhla
.

Geology

The aquifer is largely composed of hard

leaching and dissolution processes of gypsiferous shales and clay, in addition to a lengthy duration of water residence.[4] Two recharge locations have been identified
, one dated at 38,000 years ago originated from the Mediterranean, and the second dated at around 361,000 years ago originated from the tropical Atlantic.

International development projects

Since 2006, the

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and government representatives from the NSAS countries. The project's long-term goal is establishing rational and equitable management of the NSAS as a productive way of advancing socio-economic development in the region and protecting biodiversity and land resources.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ International Atomic Energy Agency: NSAS Project Archived 2007-10-20 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Center for Environmental and Development for the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE) 2000
  3. S2CID 129513948
    .
  4. ^ A Study of Hydrogeological Conditions of the Nubian Sandstone Aguifer in the Area between Abu Simbel & Toschka, Western Desert, Egypt. American Geophysical Union, Spring 2001
  5. ^ Brittain, John (June 22, 2015). "The International Atomic Energy Agency: Linking Nuclear Science and Diplomacy". Science and Diplomacy. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
  6. ^ "IAEA/UNDP/GEF Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System Medium Sized Project: Inception Meeting Report. November 9, 2006" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2007. Retrieved September 20, 2007.

Bibliography