Nucleoside analogue
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Nucleoside analogues are
Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues can be used in therapeutic drugs, including a range of antiviral products used to prevent
Nucleotide and nucleoside analogues can also be found naturally. Examples include ddhCTP (3ʹ-deoxy-3′,4ʹdidehydro-CTP) produced by the human antiviral protein viperin[2] and sinefungin (a S-Adenosyl methionine analogue) produced by some Streptomyces.[3]
Function
These agents can be used against
There is a large family of
Less selective nucleoside analogues are used as
Resistance
Resistance can develop quickly with as little as one mutation.
Examples
Nucleoside analogue drugs include:
- deoxyadenosine analogues:
- didanosine (ddI)(HIV)
- vidarabine (antiviral)
- adenosine analogues:
- galidesivir (Ebola)
- remdesivir (Ebola)(Marburg)(Coronavirus)
- deoxycytidine analogues:
- cytarabine (chemotherapy)
- gemcitabine (Chemotherapy)
- emtricitabine (FTC)(HIV)
- lamivudine (3TC)(HIV, hepatitis B)
- zalcitabine (ddC)(HIV)
- guanosine and deoxyguanosine analogues:
- deoxythymidineanalogues:
- stavudine (d4T)
- telbivudine (hepatitis B)
- zidovudine (azidothymidine, or AZT)(HIV)
- deoxyuridine analogues:
Related drugs are
See also
- For nucleoside analogues in biology, see nucleic acid analogues
References
Further reading
- Yates, MK; Seley-Radtke, KL (February 2019). "The evolution of antiviral nucleoside analogues: A review for chemists and non-chemists. Part II: Complex modifications to the nucleoside scaffold". Antiviral Research. 162: 5–21. PMID 30529089.