Null cell

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Null cell
A natural killer cell, the most common type of null cell
NK cell

Introduction

Null cells, a subset of large circulating white blood cells, mimic the appearance of T or B lymphocytes but do not possess their defining surface receptors. Predominantly, these include natural killer cells (NK cells), with a lesser portion being hematopoietic stem cells traversing freely within the bloodstream.[1]

Oncology

In the realm of oncology, certain pathological null cells contribute to the development of cancers, such as null cell adenomas within the pituitary gland. These adenomas often grow slowly and secrete hormones in patterns that are not well understood, potentially leading to necrosis of surrounding brain tissue, thereby affecting neurological functions.[2] The discovery of null cells in the benign adenohypophysis suggests that such adenomas might evolve from pre-existing benign null cells, shedding light on the tumors' origins and potential interventions.[3]

Histology of a null cell adenoma

Viruses

In relation to

T-lymphocytes to stop expressing CD28 and other critical surface molecules. This alteration essentially converts these T-cells into a form of null cell, lacking the additional properties of NK cells and therefore failing to contribute to the immune response, which can result in conditions of immunodeficiency.[4]

Conclusion

Understanding the roles and mechanisms of null cells within the immune system and in pathological conditions such as cancer and viral infections not only provides insights into fundamental biological processes but also opens avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting these unique cell types.

See also

References

  1. ^ Paulsen, D.F. (2022). "Chapter 12: Peripheral Blood". Histology and Cell Biology: Examination & Board Review (6th ed.). McGraw Hill.
  2. ISSN 1046-3976
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  3. S2CID 9959115
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  4. doi:10.1111/ajt.13614
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External links
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