Nunation
Nunation (
.This is used to indicate the word ends in an
Literary Arabic
When writing Literary Arabic in full diacritics, there are three nunation diacritics, which indicate the suffixes -un (
همزة).In most dialects of spoken Arabic, nunation only exists in words and phrases borrowed from the literary language, especially those that are declined in the accusative (that is, with -an). It is still used in some Bedouin dialects in its genitive form -in, such as in Najdi Arabic.
Since Arabic has no
Nunation - tanwīn تَنْوِين | |||
---|---|---|---|
Symbol | ـٌ |
ـٍ |
ـً |
Transliteration | -un |
-in |
-an |
Case | Nom
|
Gen
|
Acc
|
Example on the word بيت bayt | بيتٌ |
بيتٍ |
بيتًا |
Transliteration | baytun | baytin | baytan |
Example on the word دودة dūdah | دودةٌ |
دودةٍ |
دودةً |
Transliteration | dūdatun | dūdatin | dūdatan |
Example on the word هدوء hudūʼ | هدوءٌ |
هدوءٍ |
هدوءًا |
Transliteration | hudūʼun | hudūʼin | hudūʼan |
It is a common practice, both electronically and in handwriting, to write the fatḥatān on the alif, rather than on the previous letter: بيتاً - هدوءاً
Xiao'erjing
Xiao'erjing is a Perso-Arabic script adopted for writing of
Nunation - tanwīn | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Symbol | ـًا |
ـٌ |
ـٍ |
ْـٍ |
Transliteration | -an |
-un |
-en |
-eng |
Example on a word | بًا |
جٌ |
مٍ |
مٍْ |
Chinese Character | 半 | 准 | 们 | 梦 |
Pinyin | bàn | zhǔn | mén | mèng |
Akkadian language
Nunation may also refer to the -n ending of duals in Akkadian (until it was dropped in the Old Babylonian period).[1]
Character encodings
Preview | ً | ٌ | ٍ | ࣰ | ࣱ | ࣲ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | ARABIC FATHATAN | ARABIC DAMMATAN | ARABIC KASRATAN | ARABIC OPEN FATHATAN | ARABIC OPEN DAMMATAN | ARABIC OPEN KASRATAN | ||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 1611 | U+064B | 1612 | U+064C | 1613 | U+064D | 2288 | U+08F0 | 2289 | U+08F1 | 2290 | U+08F2 |
UTF-8 | 217 139 | D9 8B | 217 140 | D9 8C | 217 141 | D9 8D | 224 163 176 | E0 A3 B0 | 224 163 177 | E0 A3 B1 | 224 163 178 | E0 A3 B2 |
Numeric character reference | ً |
ً |
ٌ |
ٌ |
ٍ |
ٍ |
ࣰ |
ࣰ |
ࣱ |
ࣱ |
ࣲ |
ࣲ |
See also
- Arabic diacritics
- Mimation
- iʿrāb
References
- ^ Akkadian grammar: morphology Archived 2009-07-05 at the Wayback Machine