Nursing ethics

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Nursing ethics is a branch of applied ethics that concerns itself with activities in the field of nursing. Nursing ethics shares many principles with medical ethics, such as beneficence, non-maleficence and respect for autonomy. It can be distinguished by its emphasis on relationships, human dignity and collaborative care.

Development of subject

The nature of nursing means that nursing ethics tends to examine the ethics of caring rather than 'curing' by exploring the everyday interaction between the nurse and the person in care.[1][2] Early work to define ethics in nursing focused more on the virtues that would make a good nurse, which historically included loyalty to the physician, rather than the focus being on nurse's conduct in relation to the person in the nurse's care.[2] In recent times, the ethics of nursing has also shifted more towards the nurse's obligation to respect the human rights and dignity of the patient and this is reflected in a number of professional codes for nurses,[3] such as in the latest code from the International Council of Nurses.[4]

Distinctive nature

Although much of nursing ethics can appear similar to

moral dilemmas.[2] Nursing ethics is more concerned with developing the caring relationship than broader principles, such as beneficence and justice.[6] For example, a concern to promote beneficence may be expressed in traditional medical ethics by the exercise of paternalism, where the health professional makes a decision based upon a perspective of acting in the patient's best interests. However, it is argued by some that this approach acts against person-centred values found in nursing ethics.[7]

The distinction can be examined from different theoretical angles. Despite the move toward more

ethic of care.[6] This is considered by its advocates to emphasise relationships over abstract principles and therefore to reflect the caring relationship in nursing more accurately than other ethical views. Themes that emphasize the dignity of the patient
by promoting a respectful and caring attitude from nurses are also commonly seen.

Some themes in nursing ethics

Nurses seek to defend the dignity of those in their care.[9] Being able to respond to the vulnerability of patients in a way that provides dignifying care is a key concept in the field.[10]

In terms of standard

advance directive
, outlining how they wish to be treated in the event of their inability to make an informed choice, thus avoiding unwarranted paternalism.

Another theme is confidentiality and this is an important principle in many nursing ethical codes. This is where information about the person is only shared with others after permission of the person, unless it is felt that the information must be shared to comply with a higher duty such as preserving life.[7] Related to information giving is the debate relating to truth telling in interactions with the person in care. There is a balance between people having the information required to make an autonomous decision and, on the other hand, not being unnecessarily distressed by the truth. Generally the balance is in favour of truth telling due to respect for autonomy, but sometimes people will ask not to be told, or may lack the capacity to understand the implications.[11] Finally, the role of empirical ethics has become prominent in recent years.[10]

By giving consideration to the themes above, the nurse can endeavour to practice in an ethical way. This key outcome in nursing practice is sometimes challenged by resource, policy or environmental constraints in the practice area,[9] which can lead to moral distress.[2]

Awards for nursing ethics excellence

  • The National Nursing Ethics Conference (NNEC) awards an annual Nursing Ethics Leadership Award
  • Massachusetts Nursing Association (MNA) offers an Image of the Professional Nurse Award
  • American Nursing Association Massachusetts offers an annual Living Legends in Massachusetts Nursing Award

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-415-18712-1
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 9781405163316
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-7506-5292-6
    .
  4. ^ "The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses" (PDF). International Council of Nurses. 2012. Retrieved 2017-07-19.
  5. PMID 16609314
    . Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-0-7506-5265-0
    .
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-0-7020-2312-5
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0-230-50688-6
    .
  9. ^ a b Baille L; Gallagher A.; Wainwright P. (2008). Defending Dignity (PDF). Royal College of Nursing. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
  10. ^
    S2CID 44930378
    .
  11. S2CID 30437801
    .

External links
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