Congestive hepatopathy
This article needs more primary sources. (September 2015) |
Congestive hepatopathy | |
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Other names | Nutmeg liver and Chronic passive congestion of the liver |
Trichrome stain. | |
Specialty | Gastroenterology, hepatology |
Congestive hepatopathy, is
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms depend largely upon the primary lesions giving rise to the condition. In addition to the heart or lung symptoms, there will be a sense of fullness and tenderness in the right
Pathophysiology
Increased pressure in the sublobular branches of the
Macroscopically, the liver has a pale and spotty appearance in affected areas, as stasis of the blood causes pericentral
Diagnosis
It is diagnosed with laboratory testing, including liver function tests, and radiology imaging, including ultrasounds.[3][4]
Treatment
Treatment is directed largely to removing the cause, or, where that is impossible, to modifying effects of the heart failure.[5] Thus, therapy aimed at improving right heart function will also improve congestive hepatopathy. True nutmeg liver is usually secondary to left-sided heart failure, causing congestive right heart failure, so treatment options are limited.[citation needed]
Treatments for heart failure include medications, an intra-aortic balloon pump, a ventricular assist device, heart valve replacements, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (if the heart failure worsens suddenly and especially if an infection was the cause), an artificial heart, or a heart transplant (from a deceased human donor, or from a pig). Some patients may need a liver transplant; an artificial liver can be used for a short period of time (about two weeks or so) as a bridge to a transplant, or until the liver recovers.[citation needed]
See also
References
- PMID 12516201.
- OCLC 1191840836.)
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - PMID 22942628.
- ^ Morales A, Hirsch M, Schneider D, González G. Congestive hepatopathy: the role of the radiologist in the diagnosis. https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2020.19673
- ^ "Congestive Hepatopathy - Hepatic and Biliary Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Retrieved 7 January 2020.