Nysa, Poland

Coordinates: 50°28′17″N 17°20′2″E / 50.47139°N 17.33389°E / 50.47139; 17.33389
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Nysa.
Nysa
Main Square
Main Square
Car plates
ONY
Websitehttp://www.nysa.pl

Nysa [ˈnɨsa] ⓘ (German: Neisse or Neiße, Silesian: Nysa) is a city in southwestern Poland on the Eastern Neisse (Polish: Nysa Kłodzka) river, situated in the Opole Voivodeship. With 43,849 inhabitants (2019), it is the capital of Nysa County. It comprises the urban portion of the surrounding Gmina Nysa. Historically the city was part of Upper Silesia.

History

Basilica of St. James and St. Agnes

Nysa, one of the oldest towns in

Poland, before it passed under the suzerainty of the Bohemian Crown in 1351,[2] under which it remained until 1742. It also became one of the leading cultural centers of Silesia.[3]

Nysa in a 1493 woodcut from the Nuremberg Chronicle

The town's fortifications, dating from 1350, served to defend against the Hussites in 1424. During the Hussite Wars, in 1428 it was the site of the Battle of Nysa [cs], with Poles and Czechs fighting on both sides.[2] One of the prominent signs that Nysa was a significant center is the report in Nuremberg Chronicle, published in 1493, which mentions the city among the major urban centers of Central and Eastern Europe. In the description of the town population included in this chronicle we read "plebs rustica polonici ydeomatis ...". The Nysa coat of arms at the entrance of the Charles Bridge in Prague, which is displayed alongside the arms of the most prominent Bohemian cities, also indicates the importance of the town. In the 16th century it was a Polish printing center.[3]

During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) Nysa was besieged three times. It was plundered by the Saxons and Swedes.[2] Polish prince (and later King) Władysław IV Vasa (r. 1632–1648) visited the town several times between 1619 and 1638. In 1624 the Kolegium Carolinum Neisse (today's I Liceum Ogólnokształcące), one of the most renowned schools of Silesia, was established as a Jesuit college.[3] Polish King Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki[4] and Polish prince James Louis Sobieski both attended this school.

19th-century view of the market square

During the

Frederick II of Prussia laid the foundations of its modern fortifications. In 1758, during the Seven Years' War, it was besieged by the Austrians.[2] On 25 August 1769 it was the site of a meeting between Frederick II and Emperor Joseph II, co-regent in the Habsburg monarchy of Austria
.

During the

Catholic character within the predominantly Protestant province of Silesia in the Kingdom of Prussia. Because of its many churches from the Gothic and Baroque periods the town was nicknamed "the Silesian Rome". In 1816–1911, the town was the seat of the Neisse District, after which it became an independent city. According to the Prussian census of 1910, the city of Neisse had a population of 25,938, of whom around 95% spoke German, 4% spoke Polish and 1% were bilingual.[5][failed verification
]

Memorial plaque to Charles de Gaulle
Memorial stone at the site of the former prisoner-of-war camp for Polish insurgents of 1921

During

Silesian Uprising, a prisoner-of-war camp was located in the town.[2] Charles de Gaulle, future leader of French Resistance against German occupation in World War II and later president of France, was imprisoned there in 1916. After World War I, Neisse became part of the new Province of Upper Silesia
within Weimar Germany.

During

expelled. Expulsions started in mid-June 1945, carried out by the Soviet-organized Polish militia who surrounded settlements, entered homes, and asked their inhabitants to leave their home with them.[7]

In the following years, new Polish settlers, some whom were themselves expelled or resettled from what is now Western Ukraine (see: Kresy), made Nysa their new home.

Nysa's monuments

Main article: List of monuments in Nysa
Architectural contrasts in the Old Town after reconstruction

As a result of destruction during

Nysa's monuments
.

Polish troops were stationed in Nysa until 2001, when they were relocated to Kłodzko.[2]

Economy

Nysa city budget income sources as of 2015

Until recently, Nysa was a major industrial centre in the

machinery production, agricultural produce and construction materials. The year 2002 saw the closure of the ZSD company. The company constructed delivery vehicles, namely the ZSD Nysa, FSO Polonez and, until recently, the Citroën C15 and Berlingo
. Currently, the factory remains closed.

Recently, the

Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone[9] is located by Dubois Street (ul. Dubois) and Karpacka Street (ul. Karpacka), largely revolving around agricultural goods and produce, as well as metal works.[10]

Sports

Notable people

Historical tenements
Old town
Carolinum (high school)
Church of the Assumption

Other residents

Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Nysa.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nysa.
  • Archdiocese of Wrocław
  • Dukes of Silesia
  • Nysa's monuments

References

  1. ^ "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Nyskie kalendarium militarne". Nasza Nysa (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d "Nysa". Encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  4. ^ "Michał (Michał Tomasz Korybut Wiśniowiecki)". Internetowy Polski Słownik Biograficzny (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  5. ISBN 978-3-87969-267-5
    .
  6. ^ "Working Parties". Stalag VIIIB 344 Lamsdorf. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  7. ^ Tragödie Schlesiens 1945&46 in Dokumenten (in German). Christ Unterwegs. 1952–1953. p. 227.
  8. ^ Marek Zybura (2005). Der Umgang mit dem deutschen Kulturerbe in Schlesien nach 1945. Senfkorn-Verlag Theisen. pp. 18–19.
  9. ^ "Home – WSSE Invest-Park. Wałbrzyska Specjalna Strefa Ekonomiczna Invest-Park". WSSE Invest-Park. Wałbrzyska Specjalna Strefa Ekonomiczna Invest-Park. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  10. ^ "Nysa » mapy, nieruchomości, GUS, szkoły, kody pocztowe, wynagrodzenie, bezrobocie, zarobki, edukacja, tabele". www.polskawliczbach.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  • "NEISSE BUCH DER ERINNERUNG", Dr. Max Warmbrunn & Alfred Jahn, Gedruckt bei Druckhaus Nürnberg GmbH, 1966

External links

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