Haplogroup O-M175
(Redirected from
O-M175
)
| Haplogroup O-M175 | |
|---|---|
NO | |
| Descendants | Primary: O1 (O-F265); O2 (O-M122) Secondary: |
| Defining mutations | M175 (+ numerous other SNPs).[3] |
Haplogroup O, also known as O-M175, is a
NO-M214
.
The O-M175 haplogroup is very common amongst males from East and
Koreans, Vietnamese, Filipinos, Japanese, Thais, Polynesians, Miao people, Hmong, the Naiman tribe of Kazakhs in Kazakhstan,[4] Kazakhs in the southeast of Altai Republic,[5] and Kazakhs in the Ili area of Xinjiang.[6]
Origins
Haplogroup O-M175 is a descendant haplogroup of
Haplogroup NO-M214, and first appeared according to different theories either in Southeast Asia (see Rootsi 2006, TMC 1998, Shi 2005, and Bradshaw Foundation) or East Asia (see ISOGG 2012) approximately 40,000 years ago (or between 31,294 and 51,202 years ago according to Karmin et al. 2015).[7][8]
Haplogroup O-M175 is one of NO-M214's two branches. The other is
North Eurasia
.
Distribution
This haplogroup appears in high to moderate frequencies in most populations in both
haplogroup NO-M214;[11]
considering their location in the Malay Archipelago, all or most of these individuals should belong to haplogroup O-M175.
An association with the spread of
Pathans in Pakistan (Firasat 2007) but 1% in Afghanistan,[citation needed] 3.1% in Burusho (Firasat 2007
).
Haplogroup O-M175 ranges in various moderate to high frequencies in the ethnic minorities of South Africa. The frequency of this haplogroup is 6.14% in the
Cape colored population.[21] 18% in Cape Coloured Muslim, 38% in Cape Indian Muslims and 10% in other Cape Other Muslim.[21] It's found 11.5% in the Réunion Creole.[22] Haplogroup O-M175 had also been found in Latin America and Caribbean as a result of massive Chinese male migration from the 19th century. It was found in the Jamaicans at 3.8,[23] Cubans 1.5%[24]
Haplogroup O-M175 has been found in 88.7% of Asian American. 1.6% in Hispanic American, White Americans 0.5%, and 0.3% in African American.[25] Another study gives 0.5% African American.[26]
Among the sub-branches of haplogroup O-M175 are
O-M122
(O2).
Y Haplogroup O3-M122 makes up the majority of
Yousafzais. There appears to be founder affect in the O3-M122 among the Jadoon.[27][28][29] 76.32% of Jadoon men carry O3-M122 while 0.75% of Tanolis, 0.81% of Gujars and 2.82% of Yousafzais carry O3-M122.[30][31]
Russians in China East Asian haplogroup O made up 58% of their Y haplogroup. O3-M122 specifically made up 47% of the Russian sample.[32] The East Asian Y haplogroup O3-M122 was found in 47% of Russian males in China. In another test the East Asian paternal Y Haplogroup O made up 58% of Russian males samples in China.[33]
Haplogroup O was found in 1%-1.2% of Persians in one sample.[34][35][36] [37]
O3-M122 is the commonly shared genetic signature of Sino-Tibetan speaking ethnicities.[38]
O-M175*
A broad survey of Y-chromosome variation among populations of central Eurasia found haplogroup O-M175(xM119,M95,M122) in 31% (14/45) of a sample of
Haplogroup O-M268*(xM95,M176)
or Haplogroup O-M176 (O1b2).
A study published in 2013 found O-M175(xM119, M95, M176, M122) Y-DNA in 5.5% (1/18) Iranians from
Teheran, 5.4% (2/37) Tajiks from Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan, and 1/97 Mongols from northwest Mongolia, while finding O-M176 only in 1/20 Mongols from northeast Mongolia.[39]
O-F265 (O1)
O1a-M119 and O1b-M268 share a common ancestor, O1-F265 (a.k.a. O-F75) approximately 33,181 (95% CI 24,461 to 36,879) YBP.[1][40] O1-F265, in turn, coalesces to a common ancestor with O2-M122 approximately 33,943 (95% CI 25,124 to 37,631) YBP.[1] Thus, O1-F265 should have existed as a single haplogroup parallel to O2-M122 for a duration of approximately 762 years (or anywhere from 0 to 13,170 years considering the 95% CIs and assuming that the phylogeny is correct) before breaking up into its two extant descendant haplogroups, O1-MSY2.2 and O1b-M268.
O-M119 (O1a)
![[icon]](/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2012) |
O-M119 (which was known briefly as O-MSY2.2, until the SNP MSY2.2 was found to be unreliable) is found frequently in
Kra-dai
peoples.
O-M268 (O1b)
- Naxi[41]
- O-CTS4040
- O-MF56251 Observed sporadically in China (Guangxi,[41][42] Guangdong,[42] Sichuan,[42] Zhejiang,[42] Jiangsu,[42] Beijing[42]), Thailand (Phuan,[43] Yuan,[43] Central Thai[43]), Vietnam (Nùng,[43] Tày[43])
- O-Page59/CTS10887 Found among North Han Chinese (5%), East Han Chinese (4%), South Han Chinese (3%) [44]
- O-F4070
- O-MF106398 Observed sporadically in China (Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Shandong[42])
- O-F779/F993/F3135 China,[42] Vietnam (Lahu[45]), Qatar[46]
- O-MF107014 Observed sporadically in China (Jiangsu, Anhui, Heilongjiang[42])
- O-CTS5160/MF61620 China (Han,[41] mostly Guangdong or Fujian[42])
- O-F2064/F1759 China (
- O-PH2797/CTS1127 China (especially Shandong, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Hebei, Anhui, Beijing, Henan, and Shanghai[42])
- O-Y148532 China (Shandong, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Sichuan,Hazara[41])
- O-Y239146/MF31164 Singapore,[41] Taiwan[41]
- O-Y47392/MF17288 China (Zhejiang[41])
- O-BY182144/Y157814 China (Shandong,[41][42] Gansu[42]), Taiwan[47]
- O-PH4822 China (Beijing,[41] Jiangsu[41])
- O-F417/M1654/CTS469 Japan (Tokyo[41])
- O-CTS9996/PF4341 Philippines[47]
- O-F4070
- O-PK4
- O-F838 Found in about 1.4% of Han Chinese[44] (and esp. in Hunan, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou[42])
- O-M95
- O-CTS350 China (Ningxia, Yunnan, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Shaanxi, Anhui, etc.[42])
- O-M1310
- O-Y172653/Y172877 Found in China (esp. Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Chongqing[42]) and Japan[42]
- O-F1803/M1348 China (Zhejiang, Shandong, Beijing, Guangdong, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Shanghai, etc.[42])
- O-ACT721/ACT1038 Found sporadically in China (Zhejiang,[42] Anhui,[42] Hunan,[42] Hainan,[41] Tianjin,[42] Beijing,[42] Liaoning,[41] Heilongjiang[42])
- O-F789/M1283 Found in Gond)
- O-M1283* Lao Isan[51]
- O-MF600645 Gansu (Hui,)
- O-M1368 Singapore[41]
- O-M1361
- O-MF611153 Found sporadically in China (Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Guangxi, Jiangxi[42])
- O-A22938 Vietnam (Kinh from Ho Chi Minh City[41]), China (Hong Kong,[41] Qinzhou,[42] Chongqing,[42] Lijiang[42])
- O-Y9322 China (Dai in Xishuangbanna,[41] Yunnan,[42] Chongqing,[42] Guangdong,[42] Sichuan,[42] etc.)
- O-Y9325
- O-Z39485 China (Dai, Yi)[41]
- O-Z39490
- O-Y9033/B426 Laos ()
- O-Y9325
- O-M1361
- O-F1252
- O-SK1630/F5504 China (esp. Sichuan and Guizhou, accounting for about 0.25% of the entire Chinese population[42])
- O-ACT5802
- O-MF92614
- O-F16061
- O-MF286118 Found in two Han Chinese from Guangdong[42]
- O-F19607
- O-ACT5802
- O-F2924
- O-CTS5854
- O-Z23810
- O-Z23781 China (Henan[41])
- O-M111/M88 Found frequently among
- O-M111/M88*
- O-F2524
- O-F2524* Jiangsu[41]
- O-F2346
- O-F2890 Thailand (Lục Yên District[45])
- O-F2890* Ho Chi Minh City[41]
- O-Z24048
- O-F2758
- O-F2758* China (Miao,[41] Hunan[41])
- O-Z24083
- O-Z24083* Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh)
- O-Z24089
- O-SK1627/Z24091 Vietnam (S'gaw Karen,[51] Nyah Kur,[51] Khmer,[51] Lawa,[51] Lao Isan,[51] Mon,[51] Thai[51]), Laos (Laotian in Vientiane[51])
- O-Z24091* China (Hebei,[41] Xishuangbanna Dai[41]), Vietnam (Kinh from Ho Chi Minh City[41])
- O-Y26364
- O-Y26364* Thailand ()
- O-Y26370 China (Tujia[41]), Vietnam (Kinh from Ho Chi Minh City[41])
- O-F923
- O-F923* Xishuangbanna (Kinh)
- O-Z24154 Ho Chi Minh City (Kinh)
- O-CTS2022
- O-F923* Xishuangbanna (
- O-SK1627/Z24091 Vietnam (
- O-Z24083* Ho Chi Minh City (
- O-F2890 Thailand (
- O-CTS5854
- O-SK1630/F5504 China (esp. Sichuan and Guizhou, accounting for about 0.25% of the entire Chinese population[42])
- O-CTS4040
- O-M176
- O-K4: Found frequently among Sibe. Also found sporadically (<1%) among Han Chinese, Hui, Micronesians, Mongols, Thais, Uyghurs, Vietnamese, etc.
- O-47z: Found frequently among Ryukyuans and with a moderate distribution among Koreans. Found sporadically (<1%) among Manchus, Mongols, Han Chinese, Hui, Tujia, Vietnamese, etc.
- O-K4: Found frequently among
O-M122 (O2)
Found frequently among populations of
).- O-M122
- O-CTS1754 East & Southeast Asia
- O-M324
- O-L465
- O-CTS727
- O-F915
- O-CTS3709
- O-JST002611/CTS2483
- O-CTS2483* China,[47] Japan,[47] Philippines[47]
- O-CTS10573 Beijing,[64] Sichuan,[64] Henan,[64] Jiangsu[64]
- O-F18
- O-CTS498 China,[41] Japan (Tokyo)[41]
- O-F449 Azerbaijan[47]
- O-F117
- O-F117* Fujian[41]
- O-F11
- O-F11* Gansu,[41] Japanese[41]
- O-F930 Beijing,[41] Armenia,[41] Inner Mongolia,[64] Hebei,[64] Shaanxi,[64] Shandong,[64] Zhejiang,[64] Hubei[64]
- O-F2685 Beijing, Shanghai, Fujian, Guangdong[64]
- O-BY169374
- O-F539 Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan[64]
- O-CTS12877
- O-Y29837
- O-BY36917 Japan[47]
- O-F4062 Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shaanxi, Chongqing, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang[64]
- O-Y15976 China, Japan,[47] Korea, Pakistan, Vietnam
- O-FGC54474
- O-F971 Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei, Guangdong[64]
- O-F632
- O-F632* Beijing[41]
- O-F16340 Zhejiang[41]
- O-F133 China, Bulgaria[47]
- O-CTS727
- O-P201
- O-M188
- O-M188* Korea[47]
- O-CTS800
- O-CTS445
- O-CTS201 Korea[47]
- O-M159 China (about 0.79% of the national male population[65]), Taiwan, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore[47]
- O-FTA21663/O-MF22947 China (Heilongjiang,[41][42] Inner Mongolia,[41][42] Zhejiang,[42] Shanghai,[42] Henan,[42] Hebei,[42] etc.; accounts for about 0.06% of the male population in China at present[66]), Saudi Arabia (al-Qaṣīm[41])
- O-CTS3994
- O-MF18110/FGC50590 China (esp. Guangdong, Zhejiang, Hunan, Shandong, and Guangxi[42])
- O-MF109844
- O-FGC50661 China (esp. Jiangsu and Hunan[42])
- O-MF56709
- O-FGC50643/MF15475 China (Shandong,[42] Hebei,[42] Hubei,[42] Shanxi,[41][42] Anhui,[42] Jiangsu,[42] etc.)
- O-MF56474 China (Jiangsu, Anhui, Jilin, Shandong, etc.[42])
- O-FGC50649
- O-Y169670/O-MF14256 China (esp. Jiangsu,[41][42] Shandong,[42] Zhejiang,[42] and Shanghai[42])
- O-MF50824
- O-MF14135/O-Z12303 China (currently accounts for about 0.44% of the total male population[68])
- O-MF238642
- O-MF37094 China (Zhejiang,[42] Jiangsu[42])
- O-Y169696/O-MF15693 China (Jiangsu,[41][42] Fufeng County,[42] Beijing,[42] Tangshan,[42] Feidong County,[42] Chifeng,[42] Xi County,[42] Min County,[42] Laizhou,[42] Rushan,[42] Harbin,[42] Yanji,[42] Dancheng County[42])
- O-MF18577/O-MF18626 China (currently accounts for about 0.23% of all males in China, especially in Jiangsu [1.08%], Shanghai [0.69%], Ningxia [0.39%], Shandong [0.38%], Anhui [0.33%], Heilongjiang [0.32%], Zhejiang [0.31%], and Jilin [0.26%][69]), Kazakhstan,[70] Thailand[70]
- O-MF238642
- O-FGC50558 Japan,[47] Korea[47]
- O-Y169670/O-MF14256 China (esp. Jiangsu,[41][42] Shandong,[42] Zhejiang,[42] and Shanghai[42])
- O-M159 China (about 0.79% of the national male population[65]), Taiwan, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore[47]
- O-M7 Found frequently among human remains associated with the Neolithic Mosuo (Wen 2004), Tibetans (Wen 2004), Qiang (Xue 2006), Oroqen (Xue 2006), Tujia (Su 2000), Thai (Su 2000), Orang Asli (Su 2000), western Indonesians (Su 2000 and Kayser 2008), Malaysians (Kayser 2008), Vietnamese (Kayser 2008), and Atayal (Su 2000).
- O-MF106687 China (Jinghu District,[42]etc.)
- O-Z25245
- O-MF9858/O-Z6157 China (approximately 0.08% of all males in present-day China[72]), Thailand (Central Thai in Central Thailand[51][43])
- O-Y26422
- O-F1276
- O-F1863
- O-MF107102 China (Tongchuan District[42])
- O-MF56735 China ()
- O-MF36531 China (Yanping District[42])
- O-F1134
- O-FT303223/O-MF106843/O-F15314/O-F20756 China)
- O-Z25288/O-Z25293 Vietnam[70] (Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City,[41][43] Hanoi,[43] Nam Dinh,[43] and Lao Cai,[43] Giarai in Gia Lai,[43] Tày in Thai Nguyen[43])
- O-MF107102 China (
- O-CTS6489
- O-MF106428/O-Y94472/O-FTB23660 Thailand[70] (Phayao,[41] Phutai, Lao Isan, Tai Lue, Phuan, Shan, Khon Mueang/Tai Yuan, Khmer, Mon[43]), Vietnam[70] (Tày in Lào Cai[43]), China (Dai in Xishuangbanna,[41] Achang in Yunnan;[43] accounts for about 0.05% of all males in China at present, mainly distributed in Guangxi and Guangdong[74])
- O-F1275 Guangxi (Dushan 4-1 ca. 7024 - 6643 BCE[70])
- O-MF15199/O-FTA25885
- O-F20472
- O-FTB23785 Thailand,[70] Vietnam[70]
- O-F17410/O-F18833/O-MF122643/O-BY177553 Thailand (Lao Isan in Northeast Thailand[51][43])
- O-MF106415/O-MF111486/O-BY122399 Thailand)
- O-Y127482/O-F15988 Thailand (Nyahkur and Lao Isan in Northeast Thailand[51][43])
- O-MF6534/O-MF58872/O-BY27925/O-Y23477 Thailand)
- O-CTS6579
- O-CTS123/O-F22573/O-MF48275 China (Hunan Han;[41] accounts for about 0.13% of the male population in China at present, mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan and other south-central provinces and cities[76])
- O-F14832/O-F15788/O-Y208219 China[70] (accounts for about 0.22% of the male population in China at present, mainly distributed in the northern region[77]), Thailand[70] (Mon in Western Thailand,[51][43] Tai Lue in Northern Thailand[51][43])
- O-F20472
- O-Z25411
- O-ACT1126/O-Y140772/O-F1289 China (relatively concentrated in northern China at present, accounting for about 0.24% of the national male population;[78] also found in Fujian[41]), Thailand[70] (Lisu[43])
- O-Z25398
- O-F22005/O-Z25400 Thailand[70] (Black Hmong in North Thailand[41][75]), Vietnam[70] (Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City[41]), China (currently distributed mainly in Guangxi, Sichuan, Guangdong and other places, accounting for about 0.10% of the national male population[79])
- O-F1100/O-Y37861 Hunan[41]
- O-MF17697 Laos,[70] Thailand,[70] China (Jiangsu, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan, Fujian, Sichuan, Hong Kong, Chongqing, Henan, Liaoning[42])
- O-F1234/O-Y37855
- O-Y185160/O-MF36985 Hebei,[41] Beijing,[41] Sichuan, Shaanxi, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Shandong, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Jiangxi (currently accounts for approximately 0.13% of the Chinese male population[80])
- O-FGC71370
- O-MF193618 Sichuan, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian (currently accounts for about 0.08% of the male population in China, mainly distributed in Guangdong, Hunan, Anhui and other provinces and cities[81]), Philippines[70]
- O-F14904/N5 Pa-hng, and Thailand Hmong), with a frequency of 47.1% among the Guangxi Miao.[82]
- O-MF15199/O-FTA25885
- O-F1863
- O-MF106687 China (
- O-CTS201 Korea[47]
- O-P164
- O-F996/F3237
- O-M134: Found frequently among speakers of Sino-Tibetan languages, among members of the Kazakh Naiman tribe with a moderate distribution throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia.[citation needed]
- O-Y20/PAGES00125 Poland[47]
- O-F1725
- O-Y12/F314
- O-Y12* Beijing (Han)[41]
- O-CTS2643/CTS11192
- O-CTS53
- O-F876
- O-F275
- O-F634
- O-CTS3776/F2887
- O-M117/PAGE23
- O-MF1380/CTS4960 China, Korea, Japan,[47] Indonesia[47]
- O-M133/M1706 Shandong[41]
- O-M1706* Japan (Tokyo)[41]
- O-YP4864
- O-CTS7634
- O-M1726
- O-A9459
- O-F6800
- O-F14249
- O-F438 Japan (Tokyo)[41]
- O-CTS1642
- O-Y20/PAGES00125 Poland[47]
- O-M188
- O-L465
O-M324 (O2a)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
O-F742 (O2b)
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
Language families and genes
Haplogroup O is associated with populations which speak Austric languages. The following is a phylogenetic tree of language families and their corresponding
Father Tongue Hypothesis" by George van Driem (van Driem 2011). It does not appear to account for O-M176
, which is found among Japanese, Korean, and Manchurian males.
| (M175) |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phylogenetics
Phylogenetic history
Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being, above all, timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.
| YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) | (α) | (β) | (γ) | (δ) | (ε) | (ζ) | (η) | YCC 2002 (Longhand) | YCC 2005 (Longhand) | YCC 2008 (Longhand) | YCC 2010r (Longhand) | ISOGG 2006 | ISOGG 2007 | ISOGG 2008 | ISOGG 2009 | ISOGG 2010 | ISOGG 2011 | ISOGG 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-M175 | 26 | VII | 1U | 28 | Eu16 | H9 | I | O* | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O | O |
| O-M119 | 26 | VII | 1U | 32 | Eu16 | H9 | H | O1* | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a | O1a |
| O-M101 | 26 | VII | 1U | 32 | Eu16 | H9 | H | O1a | O1a1 | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1 | O1a1 | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1a | O1a1a |
| O-M50 | 26 | VII | 1U | 32 | Eu16 | H10 | H | O1b | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 | O1a2 |
O-P31 |
26 | VII | 1U | 33 | Eu16 | H5 | I | O2* | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 | O2 |
| O-M95 | 26 | VII | 1U | 34 | Eu16 | H11 | G | O2a* | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a | O2a1 | O2a1 |
| O-M88 | 26 | VII | 1U | 34 | Eu16 | H12 | G | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1 | O2a1a | O2a1a |
| O-SRY465 | 20 | VII | 1U | 35 | Eu16 | H5 | I | O2b* | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b | O2b |
| O-47z | 5 | VII | 1U | 26 | Eu16 | H5 | I | O2b1 | O2b1a | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1a | O2b1a | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1 | O2b1 |
| O-M122 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3* | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 | O3 |
| O-M121 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3a | O3a | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1 | O3a1a | O3a1a |
| O-M164 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3b | O3b | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a2 | O3a1b | O3a1b |
| O-M159 | 13 | VII | 1U | 31 | Eu16 | H6 | L | O3c | O3c | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3 | O3a3 | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3a | O3a3a |
| O-M7 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H7 | L | O3d* | O3c | O3a3b | O3a3b | O3a4 | O3a4 | O3a3b | O3a3b | O3a3b | O3a2b | O3a2b |
| O-M113 | 26 | VII | 1U | 29 | Eu16 | H7 | L | O3d1 | O3c1 | O3a3b1 | O3a3b1 | - | O3a4a | O3a3b1 | O3a3b1 | O3a3b1 | O3a2b1 | O3a2b1 |
| O-M134 | 26 | VII | 1U | 30 | Eu16 | H8 | L | O3e* | O3d | O3a3c | O3a3c | O3a5 | O3a5 | O3a3c | O3a3c | O3a3c | O3a2c1 | O3a2c1 |
O-M117 |
26 | VII | 1U | 30 | Eu16 | H8 | L | O3e1* | O3d1 | O3a3c1 | O3a3c1 | O3a5a | O3a5a | O3a3c1 | O3a3c1 | O3a3c1 | O3a2c1a | O3a2c1a |
| O-M162 | 26 | VII | 1U | 30 | Eu16 | H8 | L | O3e1a | O3d1a | O3a3c1a | O3a3c1a | O3a5a1 | O3a5a1 | O3a3c1a | O3a3c1a | O3a3c1a | O3a2c1a1 | O3a2c1a1 |
Original Research Publications
The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.
Phylogenetic trees
ISOGG 2017 tree (ver. 12.244).[86]
- O (M175)
- O1 (F265/M1354, CTS2866, F75/M1297, F429/M1415, F465/M1422)
- O1a(M119)
- O1a1 (B384/Z23193)
- O1a1a (M307.1/P203.1)
- O1a1a1 (F446)
- O1a1a1a (F140)
- O1a1a1a1 (F78)
- O1a1a1a1a (F81)
- O1a1a1a1a1 (CTS2458)
- O1a1a1a1a1a (F533)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1 (F492)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a (F656)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (A12440)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a1a (A12439)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a2 (A14788)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a3 (F65)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a4 (MF1068)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a5 (Z23482)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (A12440)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1b (FGC66168)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1b1 (CTS11553)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1c (Y31266)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1c1 (Y31261)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1d (A12441)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1e (MF1071)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1e1 (MF1074)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1a (F656)
- O1a1a1a1a1a2 (CTS4585)
- O1a1a1a1a1a1 (F492)
- O1a1a1a1a1a (F533)
- O1a1a1a1a2 (MF1075)
- O1a1a1a1a1 (CTS2458)
- O1a1a1a1a (F81)
- O1a1a1a2 (YP4610/Z39229)
- O1a1a1a2a (AM00330/AMM480/B386)
- O1a1a1a2a1 (AM00333/AMM483/B387)
- O1a1a1a2a1a (B388)
- O1a1a1a2a1 (AM00333/AMM483/B387)
- O1a1a1a2b (SK1555)
- O1a1a1a2a (AM00330/AMM480/B386)
- O1a1a1a1 (F78)
- O1a1a1b (SK1568/Z23420)
- O1a1a1b1 (M101)
- O1a1a1b2 (Z23392)
- O1a1a1b2a (Z23442)
- O1a1a1b2a1 (SK1571)
- O1a1a1b2a (Z23442)
- O1a1a1a (F140)
- O1a1a2 (CTS52)
- O1a1a2a (CTS701)
- O1a1a2a1 (K644/Z23266)
- O1a1a2a (CTS701)
- O1a1a1 (F446)
- O1a1b (CTS5726)
- O1a1a (M307.1/P203.1)
- O1a2 (M110)
- O1a2a (F3288)
- O1a2a1 (B392)
- O1a2a1a (B393)
- O1a2a1 (B392)
- O1a2a (F3288)
- O1a3 (Page109)
- O1a1 (B384/Z23193)
- O1b(M268)
- O1b1 (F2320)
- O1b1a (M1470)
- O1b1a1 (PK4)
- O1b1a1a (M95)
- O1b1a1a1 (F1803/M1348)
- O1b1a1a1a (F1252)
- O1b1a1a1a1 (F2924)
- O1b1a1a1a1a (M111)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1 (F2758)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a (Z24083)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1 (Z24089)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a (F923)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (CTS2022)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1a (F1399)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (F2415)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1a (F1399)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a2 (Z24131)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a3 (Z24100)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (CTS2022)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1b (SK1627/Z24091)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1b1 (Z39410)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a (F923)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a2 (Z24088)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a1 (Z24089)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1a (Z24083)
- O1b1a1a1a1a2 (F2890)
- O1b1a1a1a1a2a (Z24048)
- O1b1a1a1a1a2a1 (Z24050)
- O1b1a1a1a1a2b (Z24014)
- O1b1a1a1a1a2a (Z24048)
- O1b1a1a1a1a1 (F2758)
- O1b1a1a1a1b (CTS5854)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1 (Z23810)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a (CTS7399)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a1 (FGC19713/Y14026)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a1a (Z23849)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a1a1 (FGC61038)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a1a (Z23849)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a1 (FGC19713/Y14026)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1b (CTS651)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1b1 (CTS9884)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1a (CTS7399)
- O1b1a1a1a1b2 (F4229)
- O1b1a1a1a1b2a (F809)
- O1b1a1a1a1b2a1 (F2517)
- O1b1a1a1a1b2a (F809)
- O1b1a1a1a1b1 (Z23810)
- O1b1a1a1a1a (M111)
- O1b1a1a1a2 (SK1630)
- O1b1a1a1a2a (SK1636)
- O1b1a1a1a1 (F2924)
- O1b1a1a1b (F789/M1283)
- O1b1a1a1b1 (FGC29900/Y9322/Z23667)
- O1b1a1a1b1a (B426/FGC29896/Y9033/Z23671)
- O1b1a1a1b1a1 (FGC29907/YP3930)
- O1b1a1a1b1a2 (B427/Z23680)
- O1b1a1a1b1b (Z39485)
- O1b1a1a1b1c (B418)
- O1b1a1a1b1a (B426/FGC29896/Y9033/Z23671)
- O1b1a1a1b2 (SK1646)
- O1b1a1a1b1 (FGC29900/Y9322/Z23667)
- O1b1a1a1a (F1252)
- O1b1a1a2 (CTS350)
- O1b1a1a3 (Page103)
- O1b1a1a1 (F1803/M1348)
- O1b1a1b (F838)
- O1b1a1b1 (F1199)
- O1b1a1a (M95)
- O1b1a2 (Page59)
- O1b1a2a (F993)
- O1b1a2a1 (F1759)
- O1b1a2a1a (CTS1127)
- O1b1a2a1 (F1759)
- O1b1a2b (F417/M1654)
- O1b1a2b1 (F840)
- O1b1a2b1a (F1127)
- O1b1a2b2 (CTS1451)
- O1b1a2b1 (F840)
- O1b1a2c (CTS9996)
- O1b1a2a (F993)
- O1b1a1 (PK4)
- O1b1a (M1470)
- O1b2 (P49, M176)
- O1b2a (F1942/Page92)
- O1b2a1 (CTS9259)
- O1b2a1a (F1204)
- O1b2a1a1 (CTS713)
- O1b2a1a1a (CTS1875)
- O1b2a1a1a1 (CTS10682)
- O1b2a1a1b (Z24598)
- O1b2a1a1c (CTS203)
- O1b2a1a1a (CTS1875)
- O1b2a1a2 (F2868)
- O1b2a1a2a (L682)
- O1b2a1a2a1 (CTS723)
- O1b2a1a2a1a (CTS7620)
- O1b2a1a2a1b (A12446)
- O1b2a1a2a1b1 (PH40)
- O1b2a1a2a1 (CTS723)
- O1b2a1a2b (F940)
- O1b2a1a2a (L682)
- O1b2a1a3 (CTS10687)
- O1b2a1a3a (CTS1215)
- O1b2a1a1 (CTS713)
- O1b2a1b (CTS562)
- O1b2a1a (F1204)
- O1b2a2 (Page90)
- O1b2a1 (CTS9259)
- O1b2a (F1942/Page92)
- O1b1 (F2320)
- O2(M122)
- O2a (M324)
- O2a1 (L127.1)
- O2a1a (F1876/Page127)
- O2a1a1 (F2159)
- O2a1a1a (F1867/Page124)
- O2a1a1a1 (F852)
- O2a1a1a1a (F2266)
- O2a1a1a1a1 (L599)
- O2a1a1a1a1a (Z43961)
- O2a1a1a1a1a1 (Z43963)
- O2a1a1a1a1a (Z43961)
- O2a1a1a1a1 (L599)
- O2a1a1a1b (F854)
- O2a1a1a1b1 (Z43966)
- O2a1a1a1c (Page130)
- O2a1a1a1a (F2266)
- O2a1a1a1 (F852)
- O2a1a1b (F915)
- O2a1a1b1 (F1478)
- O2a1a1b1a (PF5390)
- O2a1a1b1a1 (CTS1936)
- O2a1a1b1a1a (Z43975)
- O2a1a1b1a2 (FGC33994)
- O2a1a1b1a (PF5390)
- O2a1a1b1 (F1478)
- O2a1a1a (F1867/Page124)
- O2a1a1 (F2159)
- O2a1b (M164)
- O2a1c (IMS-JST002611)
- O2a1c1 (F18)
- O2a1c1a (F117)
- O2a1c1a1 (F13)
- O2a1c1a1a (F11)
- O2a1c1a1a1 (F632)
- O2a1c1a1a1a (F110/M11115)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1 (F17)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a (F377)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a1 (F1095)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a (F856)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a1 (F1418)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a2 (Z25097)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a1a (F856)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a2 (CTS7501)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a1 (F1095)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1b (F793)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1a (F377)
- O2a1c1a1a1a2 (Y20951)
- O2a1c1a1a1a2a (Y20932)
- O2a1c1a1a1a1 (F17)
- O2a1c1a1a1a (F110/M11115)
- O2a1c1a1a2 (F38)
- O2a1c1a1a3 (F12)
- O2a1c1a1a4 (F930)
- O2a1c1a1a4a (F2685)
- O2a1c1a1a5 (F1365/M5420/PF1558)
- O2a1c1a1a5a (Y15976)
- O2a1c1a1a5a1 (Y16154)
- O2a1c1a1a5a1a (Y26383)
- O2a1c1a1a5a1a1 (SK1686)
- O2a1c1a1a5a1a (Y26383)
- O2a1c1a1a5a1 (Y16154)
- O2a1c1a1a5b (FGC54486)
- O2a1c1a1a5b1 (FGC54507)
- O2a1c1a1a5a (Y15976)
- O2a1c1a1a6 (CTS12877)
- O2a1c1a1a6a (F2527)
- O2a1c1a1a6a1 (CTS5409)
- O2a1c1a1a6a2 (F2941)
- O2a1c1a1a6a (F2527)
- O2a1c1a1a7 (F723)
- O2a1c1a1a8 (CTS2107)
- O2a1c1a1a9 (SK1691)
- O2a1c1a1a1 (F632)
- O2a1c1a1b (PH203)
- O2a1c1a1a (F11)
- O2a1c1a1 (F13)
- O2a1c1b (F449)
- O2a1c1b1 (F238)
- O2a1c1b1a (F134)
- O2a1c1b1a1 (F1273)
- O2a1c1b1a2 (F724)
- O2a1c1b1a (F134)
- O2a1c1b2 (F1266)
- O2a1c1b1 (F238)
- O2a1c1c (CTS498)
- O2a1c1a (F117)
- O2a1c2 (FGC3750/SK1673)
- O2a1c1 (F18)
- O2a1a (F1876/Page127)
- O2a2 (IMS-JST021354/P201)
- O2a2a (M188)
- O2a2a1 (F2588)
- O2a2a1a (CTS445)
- O2a2a1a1 (CTS201)
- O2a2a1a1a (M159/Page96)
- O2a2a1a2 (M7)
- O2a2a1a2a (F1276)
- O2a2a1a2a1 (CTS6489)
- O2a2a1a2a1a (F1275)
- O2a2a1a2a1a1 (M113)
- O2a2a1a2a1a2 (N5)
- O2a2a1a2a1a3 (Z25400)
- O2a2a1a2a1a (F1275)
- O2a2a1a2a2 (F1863)
- O2a2a1a2a2a (F1134)
- O2a2a1a2a2a1 (F1262)
- O2a2a1a2a2a (F1134)
- O2a2a1a2a1 (CTS6489)
- O2a2a1a2b (Y26403)
- O2a2a1a2a (F1276)
- O2a2a1a1 (CTS201)
- O2a2a1b (F1837)
- O2a2a1a (CTS445)
- O2a2a2 (F879)
- O2a2a2a (F1226)
- O2a2a2a1 (F2859)
- O2a2a2a (F1226)
- O2a2a1 (F2588)
- O2a2b (P164)
- O2a2b1 (M134)
- O2a2b1a (F450/M1667)
- O2a2b1a1 (M117/Page23)
- O2a2b1a1a (M133)
- O2a2b1a1a1 (F438)
- O2a2b1a1a1a (Y17728)
- O2a2b1a1a1a1 (F155)
- O2a2b1a1a1a1a (F813/M6539)
- O2a2b1a1a1a1a1 (Y20928)
- O2a2b1a1a1a1a (F813/M6539)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2 (F1754)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a (F2137)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a1 (F1442)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a1a (F1123)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a1a1 (F1369)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a1a (F1123)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a2 (A16636)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a1 (F1442)
- O2a2b1a1a1a2a (F2137)
- O2a2b1a1a1a3 (Z25907)
- O2a2b1a1a1a1 (F155)
- O2a2b1a1a1a (Y17728)
- O2a2b1a1a2 (FGC23469/Z25852)
- O2a2b1a1a2a (F310)
- O2a2b1a1a2a1 (F402)
- O2a2b1a1a2a1a (F1531)
- O2a2b1a1a2a1 (F402)
- O2a2b1a1a2a (F310)
- O2a2b1a1a3 (CTS7634)
- O2a2b1a1a3a (F317)
- O2a2b1a1a3a1 (F3039)
- O2a2b1a1a3a2 (Y29861)
- O2a2b1a1a3b (CTS5488)
- O2a2b1a1a3a (F317)
- O2a2b1a1a4 (Z25853)
- O2a2b1a1a4a (CTS5492)
- O2a2b1a1a4a1 (CTS6987)
- O2a2b1a1a4a1a (Z42620)
- O2a2b1a1a4a2 ( F20963)
- O2a2b1a1a4a1 (CTS6987)
- O2a2b1a1a4a (CTS5492)
- O2a2b1a1a5 (CTS10738/M1707)
- O2a2b1a1a5a (CTS9678)
- O2a2b1a1a5a1 (Z39663)
- O2a2b1a1a5a2 (M1513)
- O2a2b1a1a5b (A9457)
- O2a2b1a1a5b1 (F17158)
- O2a2b1a1a5a (CTS9678)
- O2a2b1a1a6 (CTS4658)
- O2a2b1a1a6a (CTS5308)
- O2a2b1a1a6b (Z25928)
- O2a2b1a1a6b1 (SK1730/Z25982)
- O2a2b1a1a6b1a (Z26030)
- O2a2b1a1a6b1b (Z26010)
- O2a2b1a1a6b2 (A9462)
- O2a2b1a1a6b3 (B456)
- O2a2b1a1a6b1 (SK1730/Z25982)
- O2a2b1a1a7 (YP4864)
- O2a2b1a1a7a (Z44068)
- O2a2b1a1a7a1 (F5525/SK1748)
- O2a2b1a1a7b (Z44071)
- O2a2b1a1a7a (Z44068)
- O2a2b1a1a8 (Z44091)
- O2a2b1a1a8a (Z44092)
- O2a2b1a1a1 (F438)
- O2a2b1a1b (CTS4960)
- O2a2b1a1a (M133)
- O2a2b1a2 (F114)
- O2a2b1a2a (F79)
- O2a2b1a2a1 (F46/Y15)
- O2a2b1a2a1a (FGC16847/Z26091)
- O2a2b1a2a1a1 (F48)
- O2a2b1a2a1a1a (F152)
- O2a2b1a2a1a1a1 (F2505)
- O2a2b1a2a1a1b (CTS3149)
- O2a2b1a2a1a1a (F152)
- O2a2b1a2a1a2 (F242)
- O2a2b1a2a1a2a (CTS4266)
- O2a2b1a2a1a2a1 (Z26108)
- O2a2b1a2a1a2a1a (F2173)
- O2a2b1a2a1a2a1 (Z26108)
- O2a2b1a2a1a2a (CTS4266)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3 (F2887)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3a (F3607)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3a1 (F3525)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b (CTS3763)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b1 (A9472)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2 (FGC16863/Y7110)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2a (L1360)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2a1 (FGC16889)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b (SK1768/Y7112/Z26257)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b1 (F4249)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b1a (FGC23868)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b2 (CTS335)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b1 (F4249)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3b2a (L1360)
- O2a2b1a2a1a3a (F3607)
- O2a2b1a2a1a1 (F48)
- O2a2b1a2a1b (CTS53)
- O2a2b1a2a1b1 (CTS6373)
- O2a2b1a2a1b1a (A9473)
- O2a2b1a2a1b1 (CTS6373)
- O2a2b1a2a1c (F3386)
- O2a2b1a2a1d (Y29828)
- O2a2b1a2a1d1 (F735)
- O2a2b1a2a1d1a (FGC34973)
- O2a2b1a2a1d1b (F1739)
- O2a2b1a2a1d1 (F735)
- O2a2b1a2a1a (FGC16847/Z26091)
- O2a2b1a2a1 (F46/Y15)
- O2a2b1a2b (F743)
- O2a2b1a2b1 (CTS8481)
- O2a2b1a2b1a (CTS4325)
- O2a2b1a2b1a1 (A16629)
- O2a2b1a2b1a2 (CTS682)
- O2a2b1a2b1a (CTS4325)
- O2a2b1a2b2 (F748)
- O2a2b1a2b2a (F728)
- O2a2b1a2b1 (CTS8481)
- O2a2b1a2c (Page101)
- O2a2b1a2a (F79)
- O2a2b1a1 (M117/Page23)
- O2a2b1a (F450/M1667)
- O2a2b2 (AM01822/F3223)
- O2a2b2a (AM01856/F871)
- O2a2b2a1 (N7)
- O2a2b2a1a (F4110)
- O2a2b2a1a1 (F4068)
- O2a2b2a1a2 (SK1780)
- O2a2b2a1b (F4124)
- O2a2b2a1b1 (IMS-JST008425p6)
- O2a2b2a1b2 (BY15188)
- O2a2b2a1b2a (F16411)
- O2a2b2a1a (F4110)
- O2a2b2a2 (AM01845/F706)
- O2a2b2a2a (F717)
- O2a2b2a2a1 (F3612)
- O2a2b2a2a2 (SK1783)
- O2a2b2a2b (AM01847/B451)
- O2a2b2a2b1 (A17418)
- O2a2b2a2b2 (AM01756)
- O2a2b2a2b2a (B450)
- O2a2b2a2b2b (AM00472/B452)
- O2a2b2a2b2b1 (F18942)
- O2a2b2a2b2c (A16427)
- O2a2b2a2a (F717)
- O2a2b2a1 (N7)
- O2a2b2b (A16433)
- O2a2b2b1 (A16438)
- O2a2b2b1a (SK1775)
- O2a2b2b1a1 (SK1774)
- O2a2b2b1b (A16440)
- O2a2b2b1a (SK1775)
- O2a2b2b1 (A16438)
- O2a2b2a (AM01856/F871)
- O2a2b1 (M134)
- O2a2a (M188)
- O2a3 (M300)
- O2a4 (M333)
- O2a1 (L127.1)
- O2b (F742)
- O2b1 (F1150)
- O2b1a (F837)
- O2b1a1 (F1025)
- O2b1a (F837)
- O2b2 (F1055)
- O2b2a (F3021)
- O2b1 (F1150)
- O2a (M324)
- O1 (F265/M1354, CTS2866, F75/M1297, F429/M1415, F465/M1422)
See also
Genetics
- genetic genealogy
- Haplogroup
- Haplotype
- Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
- molecular phylogeny
- Paragroup
- Subclade
- Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
- Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
Y-DNA O subclades
Y-DNA backbone tree
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Footnotes
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Notes
References
- ^ a b c d e Monika Karmin, Rodrigo Flores, Lauri Saag, Georgi Hudjashov, Nicolas Brucato, Chelzie Crenna-Darusallam, Maximilian Larena, Phillip L Endicott, Mattias Jakobsson, J Stephen Lansing, Herawati Sudoyo, Matthew Leavesley, Mait Metspalu, François-Xavier Ricaut, and Murray P Cox, "Episodes of Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages," Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 39, Issue 3, March 2022, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msac045
- ^ PMID 27111036.
- ^ ISOGG 2017
- ^ a b c Ashirbekov, E. E.; Botbaev, D. M.; Belkozhaev, A. M.; Abayldaev, A. O.; Neupokoeva, A. S.; Mukhataev, J. E.; Alzhanuly, B.; Sharafutdinova, D. A.; Mukushkina, D. D.; Rakhymgozhin, M. B.; Khanseitova, A. K.; Limborska, S. A.; Aytkhozhina, N. A. (2017). "Distribution of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups of the Kazakh from the South Kazakhstan, Zhambyl, and Almaty Regions" (PDF). Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 6 (316): 85–95.
- PMID 21412412.
- ^ 陆艳 [Lu Yan] (2011). 中国西部人群的遗传混合 [Genetic Mixture of Populations in Western China] (Thesis).
- ^ PMID 25770088.
- ^ PMID 25170956.
- ^ Maxat Zhabagin, Zhaxylyk Sabitov, Pavel Tarlykov, Inkar Tazhigulova, Zukhra Junissova, Dauren Yerezhepov, Rakhmetolla Akilzhanov, Elena Zholdybayeva, Lan-Hai Wei, Ainur Akilzhanova, Oleg Balanovsky, and Elena Balanovska, "The medieval Mongolian roots of Y-chromosomal lineages from South Kazakhstan." BMC Genetics 2020, 21(Suppl 1):87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-020-00897-5
- S2CID 23002493.
- PMID 24896152.
- PMID 20700146.
- ^ PMID 15793703.
- PMID 19535740.
- PMID 16378340.
- PMID 24132124.
- S2CID 15595963.
- PMID 18637195.
- PMID 21571925.
- PMID 22470552.
- ^ PMID 20346436.
- PMID 18186507.
- PMID 22576450.
- PMID 18644108.
- PMID 16337103.
- PMID 19946364.
- PMID 35046511.
- PMID 35046511.
- ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357933818_Contrasting_maternal_and_paternal_genetic_histories_among_five_ethnic_groups_from_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_Pakistan
- ^ Tariq, Muhammad (2017). Genetic Analysis of the Major Tribes of Buner and Swabi Areas through Dental Morphology and DNA Analysis (This research study has been conducted and reported as partial fulfillment of the requirements of PhD degree in Genetics awarded by Hazara UniversityMansehra, Pakistan). Hazara University, Mansehra. pp. 1–229. Docket 13737.
- ^ http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9941/1/Muhammad%20Tariq_Genetics_2017_HU_Mansehra_Main%20part.pdf
- PMID 20414255.
- PMID 20414255.
- PMID 31550250.
- PMID 31343797.
- ^ https://twitter.com/nrken19/status/1493354265548570627
- ^ https://twitter.com/nrken19/status/1529874531430563841
- PMID 25090432.
- PMID 24204668.
- S2CID 377800
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph pi pj pk pl pm pn po pp pq pr ps pt pu pv pw px py pz qa qb qc qd qe qf qg qh qi qj qk YFull Haplogroup YTree v5.04 at 16 May 2017
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq Phylogenetic tree of Haplogroup O at 23mofang
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap Phylogenetic tree of Haplogroup O-F175 at TheYtree
- ^ PMID 21505448.
- ^ PMID 31827276.
- ^ a b O Y-Haplogroup Project at Family Tree DNA
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Y-DNA Haplotree at Family Tree DNA
- ^ S2CID 13670282.
- ^ PMID 24972021.
- ^ PMID 25254093.
- ^ PMID 30980085.
- S2CID 202028061
- ^ PMID 20207712.
- ^ PMID 24965575.
- ^ PMID 16489223.
- ^ S2CID 6559289.
- ^ PMID 10577926.
- PMID 17185165.
- ^ PMID 22586471.
- ^ a b c Bing Su, Li Jin, Peter Underhill, et al. (2000), "Polynesian origins: Insights from the Y chromosome." PNAS, vol. 97, no. 15, 8225–8228.
- ^ PMID 21904623.
- S2CID 7999778.
- ^ PMID 24281365.
- ^ PMID 28442769.
- ^ "O-M159单倍群详情".
- ^ "O-Mf22947单倍群详情".
- ^ "O-Z25518单倍群详情".
- ^ "O-Mf14135单倍群详情".
- ^ "夏代东部大族祖源分析-23魔方祖源基因检测".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Time Tree of Y-DNA haplogroup O-M175 at FamilyTreeDNA Discover
- S2CID 2533393.
- ^ "O-Mf9858单倍群详情".
- ^ "O-F1262单倍群详情".
- ^ "O-Mf106428单倍群详情".
- ^ PMID 32690935.
- ^ "O-Mf48275单倍群详情".
- ^ "O-F14832单倍群详情".
- ^ "O-Y140772单倍群详情".
- ^ "O-Z25400单倍群详情".
- ^ "O-Mf36985单倍群详情".
- ^ "O-Mf193618单倍群详情".
- ISSN 2296-701X.
- PMID 23389242.
- PMID 28380021.
- ^ S2CID 205352099.
- ^ "Y-DNA Haplogroup D-M174 and its Subclades - 2017".
Sources for conversion tables
- Capelli, Cristian; Wilson, James F.; Richards, Martin; Stumpf, Michael P.H.; et al. (February 2001). "A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 68 (2): 432–443. PMID 11170891.
- Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Redd, Alan J.; Jarjanazi, Hamdi; et al. (1 July 2001). "Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (7): 1189–1203. PMID 11420360.
- Jobling, Mark A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2000), "New uses for new haplotypes", Trends in Genetics, 16 (8): 356–62, PMID 10904265
- Kaladjieva, Luba; Calafell, Francesc; Jobling, Mark A; Angelicheva, Dora; et al. (February 2001). "Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages". European Journal of Human Genetics. 9 (2): 97–104. S2CID 21432405.
- Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; Wang, William; et al. (September 2001). "Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (3): 615–628. PMID 11481588.
- Semino, O.; Passarino, G; Oefner, PJ; Lin, AA; et al. (2000), "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective", Science, 290 (5494): 1155–9, PMID 11073453
- Su, Bing; Xiao, Junhua; Underhill, Peter; Deka, Ranjan; et al. (December 1999). "Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 65 (6): 1718–1724. PMID 10577926.
- Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; et al. (November 2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations". Nature Genetics. 26 (3): 358–361. S2CID 12893406.
Further reading
- Edmondson JA (2007). Jimmy G. Harris, Somsonge Burusphat and James E. Harris (ed.). "The power of language over the past: Tai settlement and Tai linguistics in southern China and northern Vietnam" (PDF). Studies in Southeast Asian Languages and Linguistics. Bangkok, Thailand: Ek Phim Thai Co. Ltd.
- van Driem, George (2011). "Rice and the Austroasiatic and Hmong-Mien Homelands". In Enfield, N. J (ed.). Dynamics of Human Diversity (PDF). Pacific Linguistics. pp. 361–390. S2CID 135246934.
- Firasat S, Khaliq S, Mohyuddin A, Papaioannou M, Tyler-Smith C, Underhill PA, Ayub Q (January 2007). "Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan". European Journal of Human Genetics. 15 (1): 121–6. PMID 17047675.
- Fornarino, Simona; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Maranta, Ramona; Achilli, Alessandro; Modiano, Guido; Torroni, Antonio; Semino, Ornella; Santachiara-Benerecetti, Silvana A (December 2009). "Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9 (1): 154. PMID 19573232.
- Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (May 2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research. 18 (5): 830–8. PMID 18385274.
- Kayser M, Choi Y, van Oven M, Mona S, Brauer S, Trent RJ, et al. (July 2008). "The impact of the Austronesian expansion: evidence from mtDNA and Y chromosome diversity in the Admiralty Islands of Melanesia". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 25 (7): 1362–74. PMID 18390477.
- Kharkov, V. N.; Stepanov, V. A.; Medvedeva, O. F.; Spiridonova, M. G.; Voevoda, M. I.; Tadinova, V. N.; Puzyrev, V. P. (2007). "Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups". Russian Journal of Genetics. 43 (5): 551–562. S2CID 566825.
- Kim SH, Kim KC, Shin DJ, Jin HJ, Kwak KD, Han MS, et al. (April 2011). "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea". Investigative Genetics. 2 (1): 10. PMID 21463511.
- Ratliff M (1998). "Ho Ne (She) is Hmongic: One final argument" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 21 (2): 97–109.
- Rootsi S, Zhivotovsky LA, Baldovic M, Kayser M, Kutuev IA, Khusainova R, et al. (February 2007). "A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe". European Journal of Human Genetics. 15 (2): 204–11. PMID 17149388.
- Scheinfeldt L, Friedlaender F, Friedlaender J, Latham K, Koki G, Karafet T, et al. (August 2006). "Unexpected NRY chromosome variation in Northern Island Melanesia". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 23 (8): 1628–41. PMID 16754639.
- Shi H, Dong YL, Wen B, Xiao CJ, Underhill PA, Shen PD, et al. (September 2005). "Y-chromosome evidence of southern origin of the East Asian-specific haplogroup O3-M122". American Journal of Human Genetics. 77 (3): 408–19. PMID 16080116.
- Su B, Jin L, Underhill P, Martinson J, Saha N, McGarvey ST, et al. (July 2000). "Polynesian origins: insights from the Y chromosome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (15): 8225–8. PMID 10899994.
- Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, Underhill PA, Evseeva I, Blue-Smith J, et al. (August 2001). "The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (18): 10244–9. PMID 11526236.
- Bo W, Hong S, Ling R, Huifeng X, Kaiyuan L, Wenyi Z, et al. (February 2004). "The origin of Mosuo people as revealed by mtDNA and Y chromosome variation". Science in China Series C: Life Sciences. 47 (1): 1–10. S2CID 7999778.
- Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W, Zhu S, Shu Q, Xu J, et al. (April 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics. 172 (4): 2431–9. PMID 16489223.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup O of Y-DNA.
- Bradshaw Foundation. "Journey of Man - The Peopling of the World".
- ISOGG (2012). "Y-DNA Haplogroup O and its Subclades - 2012".
- TMC (1998). "Genetic Findings Support 'Out of Africa' Theory". Archived from the original on 10 October 2009.
- Spread of Haplogroup O, from National Geographic
- Y-DNA Phylogenetic Tree of Haplogroup O (DNAHaplogroups.org)
- Migration patterns of early Humans and the full size map
- China DNA at Family Tree DNA
