ORF3d

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ORF3d
Identifiers
OrganismSARS-CoV-2
SymbolORF3d
UniProt
P0DTG0
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

ORF3d is a

SARS-CoV (which causes the disease SARS).[1][4]

Nomenclature

There has been significant confusion in the scientific literature around the nomenclature used for the

codons) and SARS-CoV-2 (only 22 codons).[4] Exacerbating the confusion, both the 57-codon protein product[5] and the 22-codon protein product[6] have been described to have similar effects as interferon antagonists.[4]

The recommended nomenclature for SARS-CoV-2 uses the term

5' end of ORF3b in SARS-CoV, and uses the term ORF3d for the 57-codon gene.[4]

Comparative genomics

ORF3d is an

SARS-CoV-2 variants with truncations in ORF3d due to the introduction of a stop codon have been identified with relatively high prevalence.[1][7]

conserved and raises the possibility that the gene does not encode a functional protein, despite experimental evidence of protein expression.[8]

Expression

The ORF3d protein has two

amino acid residues long and one 33 residues long, the latter of which is known as ORF3d-2.[1] There is experimental evidence from studies such as ribosome profiling for expression of at least ORF3d-2, without clear evidence for the full-length ORF3d.[1][2]

Function

The function of the ORF3d protein is not known, and it is possible that the gene does not code for a protein with any functional role in the viral life cycle.[8] When expressed under experimental conditions in cell culture, the ORF3d protein appears to be an interferon antagonist.[5]

Robust antibody responses to peptides from ORF3d have been reported in patients recovered from COVID-19.[3]

References

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