Oblique case
In
A noun or pronoun in the oblique case can generally appear in any role except as
When the two terms are contrasted, they differ in the ability of a word in the oblique case to function as aAn oblique case often contrasts with an
Hindustani
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Singular pronouns are shown. | लड़का (laṛkā) = boy, लड़की (laṛkī) = girl | का (kā) is equivalent to the possessive 's of English |
Bulgarian
Dative role:
- "Give that ball to me" дай тaзи топка на мен (day tazi topka na men)
(This oblique case is a relic of the original, more complex
English
An objective case is marked on the English personal pronouns and as such serves the role of the accusative and dative cases that other Indo-European languages employ. These forms are often called object pronouns. They serve a variety of grammatical functions which they would not in languages that differentiate the two. An example using first person singular objective pronoun me:
- in an accusative role for a direct object (including double object and oblique ditransitives):
- Do you see me?
- The army sent me to Korea.
- in a dative role for an indirect object:
- Kim passed the pancakes to me.
- Kim passed me the pancakes.
- as the except in possessives):
- That picture of me was blurry.
- (cf. double genitive as in That picture of mine was stolen.)
- [referring to a photograph] This is me on the beach.
- in existentials (sometimes, but not always, replaceable by the nominative—in very formal style):[10]
- It's me again.
- (cf. Once again, it is I. [formal])
- Who is it?—It's me.
- (cf. It is I [to whom you are speaking].)
- It's me who should fix it.
- (cf. Since I made it, it is I who should fix it.)
- in a nominative role with predicate or verbal ellipsis:
- Who made this bicycle?—Me.
- (cf. Who made this bicycle?—I did.)
- I like him.—Hey, me too.
- (cf. I like him.—Hey, I do too.)
- Who's gonna clean up this mess?—Not me!
- in coordinated nominals:
- Me and him are going to the store. (only in colloquial speech)
- (cf. Is he going? Yes, he and I are going.)
- as a disjunctive topic marker:
- Me, I like French.
The pronoun me is not inflected differently in any of these uses; it is used for all grammatical relationships except the genitive case of possession (in standard English) and a non-disjunctive nominative case as the subject.
- It may also be used as a comedic stylistic effect of blatant error ("):
- [spoken by Cookie Monster] Me so hungry.
- (the above example also employs copula deletion to similar effect)
French
Old French had a nominative case and an oblique case, called cas sujet and cas régime respectively.
In Modern French, the two cases have mostly merged and the cas régime has survived as the sole form for the majority of nouns. For example, the word "conte (count, earl)":
- Old French:
- Modern French:
In some cases, both the cas sujet and cas régime of one noun have survived but produced two nouns in Modern French with different meanings. For example, today's copain means "friend" and compagnon means "companion", but in Old French these were different declensions of the same noun.
Kurdish
See also
- Object pronoun, which in English take the oblique case
- Oblique argument
- Object (grammar)
- Subject pronoun
- Disjunctive pronoun
- Quirky subject
References
- ^ "oblique" in David Crystal, 2008. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6th ed.
- ^ "Objective case (grammar)". (about) education. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ^ "Personal pronoun". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ^ Spencer, Andrew. "CASE IN HINDI" – via ResearchGate.
- ISBN 978-1-4020-6498-2 – via ResearchGate.
- ^ "case marking in hindi - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2020-09-01.
- ^ Durrani, Nadir. "System for Grammatical relations in Urdu" (PDF). alt.qcri.org.
- CiteSeerX 10.1.1.708.2327.
- ^ "Hindi Noun Cases". hindilanguage.info. 2012-04-19. Retrieved 2020-09-01.
- ISBN 0-521-43146-8.