Obligate aerobe

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Aerotolerant organisms
do not require oxygen as they metabolise energy anaerobically. Unlike obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned by oxygen. They can be found evenly spread throughout the test tube.

An obligate aerobe is an

Aerobic respiration has the advantage of yielding more energy (adenosine triphosphate or ATP) than fermentation or anaerobic respiration,[3] but obligate aerobes are subject to high levels of oxidative stress.[2]

Table 1. Terms used to describe O2 Relations of Microorganisms.[4]
Group Environment O2 Effect
Aerobic Anaerobic
Obligate Aerobe Growth No growth Required (used for aerobic respiration)
Obligate Anaerobe No growth Growth Toxic
Facultative Anaerobe (Facultative Aerobe) Growth Growth Not required for growth but used when available
Microaerophile Growth if level is not too high No growth Required but at levels below 0.2 atm
Aerotolerant Anaerobe Growth Growth Not required and not used

Examples

Among organisms, almost all animals, most

yeasts, most fungi are obligate aerobes.[1] Also, almost all algae are obligate aerobes.[1]

A unique obligate aerobe is

anaerobic bacteria.[7]

Survival strategies

When obligate aerobes are in a temporarily oxygen-deprived environment, they need survival strategies to avoid death.

fumarate reduction depending on the availability of electron acceptor.[8] This example is the first time that hydrogen production has been seen in an obligate aerobe.[8] It also confirms the fermentation in a mycobacterium and is evidence that hydrogen plays a role in survival as well as growth.[8]

Problems can also arise in oxygen-rich environments, most commonly attributed to

free radicals and antioxidants in the cells of the organism, largely due to pollution and radiation in the environment. Obligate aerobes survive this phenomenon by using the organism's immune system to correct the imbalance.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 0-697-29390-4
    .
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Obligate aerobe - definition from Biology-Online.org." Biology Online. Biology-Online, n.d. Web. 12 Dec 2009. <http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Obligate_aerobe>
  3. ISBN 0-471-49754-1
    .
  4. ^ WI, Kenneth Todar, Madison. "Nutrition and Growth of Bacteria". textbookofbacteriology.net. Retrieved 2021-04-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ISBN 978-0-07-174268-9
    .
  6. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9
    .
  7. ^
    PMID 20595262.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link
    )
  8. ^
    PMID 25049411
    .
  9. ^ "What is oxidative stress? Effects on the body and how to reduce". www.medicalnewstoday.com. 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2021-05-08.


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