Ochakiv
Ochakiv
Очаків | |
---|---|
UTC+3 (EEST) | |
Postal code | 57500-57014 |
Area code | +380 5154 |
Website | mrada.ochakiv.info |
Ochakiv, also known as Ochakov (Ukrainian: Очаків, pronounced [oˈt͡ʃɑ.k⁽ʲ⁾iu̯]; Russian: Очаков; Crimean Tatar: Özü; Romanian: Oceacov or, archaically, Vozia), and Alektor (Ἀλέκτωρ in Greek), is a small city in Mykolaiv Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast (region) of southern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Ochakiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Its population is 13,663 (2022 estimate).[2]
For many years the city fortress served as a capital of the Ottoman province (eyalet).
Geography
The city is located at the mouth of
History
Establishment and names
The strip of land on which Ochakov is located was inhabited by
In the 1st century BC, Alektor became a Roman colony and part of the
,
, and was also more generally a place of passage for many migratory people and tribes. As a result of the migrations, the city fell and the inhabitants lived in small settlements built on the shores of the
During the Middle Ages the place was named Vozia by Romanians. The name is supposed to come from a plant known in Romanian as bozii or bozia (
In the 14th century the Senarega brothers, Genovese merchants and warriors, had settled a castle at the place called
In 1492, Crimean Tatars took Vozia from the Moldavians and named it Özü-Cale, which literally meant "Dnieper-fortress". The name was also very similar to the then current Romanian Vozia. At that time, the city was also referred to as Kara-Kerman ("Black city") as an opposite to Cetatea Albă ("White City", hence the synonymous naming as Ak-Kerman), also taken by the Tatars and Turkish army from their once Moldavian rulers.
In 1493, the fortress was taken by the
At a later date it became the centre of an Ottoman
In 1600
Giovanni Battista Malbi noted in 1620 that the town and the land of Vozia, even if ruled by the Tatars, were inhabited by Romanians, describing them as having the Orthodox religion and a corrupt Latin-Italian language, with Slavic influences, as in those times the Old Slav language was the church language in all Romanian countries. The same ethnic note was made by Niccolo Barsi from Lucca in the same century.
Lawryn Piaseczynski, secretary of the Polish king
Daniel Krman wrote that apart from the Turks and Tatars, the conquerors of Vozia, the city was inhabited by Moldavians (Romanians) and a number of Greek merchants.
Russian conquest
During the
During the
Initially the Russian Empire planned to establish a "New Moldavia" as a point of attraction for the Romanians from Moldavia, Wallachia and other Romanian-speaking areas.[citation needed] Romanians became a minority in the area as a result of the Russian Empire's policy of Slavic settlement.[6]
Anglo-French occupation
During the Crimean War the Kinburn Fortress opposite Ochakiv was bombarded by the Anglo-French fleet and captured on October 17, 1855, in the course of the Battle of Kinburn. The fortress remained in Anglo-French hands for the remaining months of the war, while the Russians abandoned Ochakiv and destroyed the fort located there. After that war the coastal defences around Ochakiv were rebuilt and strengthened.
Recent history
With the establishment of the Ukrainian statehood as the
Until 18 July 2020, Ochakiv was incorporated as a city of oblast significance. It also served as the administrative center of Ochakiv Raion even though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Mykolaiv Oblast to four, the city of Ochakiv was merged into Mykolaiv Raion.[8][9]
Present
Today Ochakiv is a resort town and a fishing port. The current estimated population is around 16,900 (as of 2001).[citation needed] Military personnel are about a third of the local population.[10]
The town's main sight is the building of the
Ochakiv is home to a Ukrainian Navy’s Maritime Operations Center, one of several buildings built by U.S. forces in the late 2010s. It was attacked in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[11][10]
Not far from the city is located the Historical-Archaeological Preserve "
Gallery
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Ochakiv town centre
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Saint Nicholas Church in Ochakiv
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Saint Nicholas Church
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Ochakiv Military History Museum
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Beach near the 'Alley of fairy tales'
References
- ^ "Очаковская городская громада" [Ochakiv city community] (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ochakov". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 988. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ "Transnistria înainte şi acum - partea I" [Transnistria before and now - part I]. romaniancoins.org.
- ^ "Осень во время осады Очакова (Державин) — Викитека" [Autumn during the siege of Ochakov (Derzhavin)]. Wikisource.
- ^ Zaporojia-teritoriu de etnogeneza a poporului român (tr. "Zaporozhye Territory of ethnogenesis of the Romanian people"), foaienationala.ro
- ^ o_lucrare_fundamental Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine The whole research raport can be read here: Anton_Golopentia-Romanii_De_La_Est_De_Bug[dead link]
- ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ" [About the formation and liquidation of districts. Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine No. 807-IX.]. Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
- ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" [New areas: maps + store] (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
- ^ a b Herszenhorn, David M. (24 February 2022). "Ukraine naval base drew Putin's wrath, then Russian fire". POLITICO. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- UNIANaccessed 28 December 2022