October 1966

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October 21, 1966: 116 schoolchildren in Wales killed in landslide

The following events occurred in October 1966:

October 1, 1966 (Saturday)

picture1
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Albert Speer and Baldur von Schirach

October 2, 1966 (Sunday)

Koufax

October 3, 1966 (Monday)

Rolf Sievert

October 4, 1966 (Tuesday)

October 4, 1966: Kingdom of Lesotho granted independence
King Moshoehoe II

October 5, 1966 (Wednesday)

October 5, 1966: "We Almost Lost Detroit"
  • The experimental Fermi 1 reactor at the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station, located near Detroit in Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan, suffered a partial meltdown when its cooling system failed.[29] The incident would later become the subject of a 1975 bestselling book, We Almost Lost Detroit, by John G. Fuller.
  • The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals reversed the 1964 murder conviction and death sentence of Jack Ruby on grounds that the trial judge should have granted a motion for a change of venue to somewhere other than Dallas. "Jack Ruby was forced to trial under the most adverse, unusual, and extraordinary circumstances that this member of this court has yet to consider," Judge W.T. McDonald wrote in a concurring opinion. The Court remanded the case with instructions for a change of venue and a new trial. More people had witnessed Ruby's fatal shooting of accused presidential assassin Lee Harvey Oswald than any murder in history, as millions of people had watched the crime take place on live television on November 24, 1963.[30] Although a new trial would be scheduled for February in Wichita Falls, Texas, Ruby would become sick with pneumonia on December 9, and would die of a pulmonary embolism on January 3, 1967, at Parkland Memorial Hospital, where John F. Kennedy and Lee Harvey Oswald had both been pronounced dead.
  • North Korea's leader Kim Il Sung delivered a speech to the Korean Workers' Party that would later serve as "a rare instance... in which the United States was able to eventually look back and realize that later actions could be traced back to this specific threatening signal." Specifically, Kim called on his followers to "wage a positive struggle against U.S. imperialism", in the form of limited warfare against the American military presence in South Korea. Almost immediately, there was a surge of provocations at the Korean Demilitarized Zone, and the most aggressive action of all, the 1968 seizure of the USS Pueblo (AGER-2) and its crew.[31]
  • What would be described later as "the first successful,
    The Lodge
    , the official residence of the Prime Minister, as a group of 30 students protested against Australia's continued involvement in the Vietnam War. A prior attempt, on September 9, had been stopped by angry bystanders.
  • UNESCO signed the Recommendation Concerning the Status of Teachers. This event is now celebrated as World Teachers' Day.
  • Born:

October 6, 1966 (Thursday)

  • The hallucinogenic drug
    lysergic acid diethylamide) became illegal in the state of California as a new law went into effect at 12:01 a.m.[34] California became the first state in the U.S. to ban LSD, and in 1970, LSD would be reclassified as a Schedule I drug nationwide by the Controlled Substances Act.[35] The bill, sponsored by California state Senator Donald L. Grunsky, had been signed into law on May 30, 1966.[36]
  • The Love Pageant Rally took place in the Panhandle of Golden Gate Park, a narrower section that projected into San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district.[37]
  • Born:
    • Niall Quinn, Irish soccer football player with 92 appearances for the Republic of Ireland national team; in Perrystown
    • Noakhali[38]
  • Died: Mitchell Fields (Mendel Feldman), 65, Romanian-American sculptor

October 7, 1966 (Friday)

  • The
    2155.[41]
  • In a major foreign policy speech in New York City to the National Conference of Editorial Writers, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson said that if the Soviet Union reduced its military forces in central Europe (East Germany and Czechoslovakia in particular), the United States would do the same and would urge its NATO allies to follow suit.[42] "Europe is partitioned," he said, and referring to Germany, added "An unnatural line runs through the heart of a very great and a very proud nation. History warns us that until this harsh division has been resolved, peace in Europe will never be secure. We must turn to one of the great unfinished tasks of our generation--and that unfinished task is making Europe whole again".[43]
  • NASA Advanced Manned Missions Director
    Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) on EVA studies and responsibilities. Gray stipulated that MSC would be responsible for study, test, and development of EVA equipment and procedures (including astronaut participation); MSFC had responsibility for development and test of large structures in space that might require astronaut EVA for assembly, activation, maintenance, or repair.[44]
  • Saturn/Apollo Applications Program Deputy Director John H. Disher, in response to a letter from MSC AAP Assistant Manager Robert F. Thompson regarding the difficult workload imposed on the crewmen during the SAA-209 mission (i.e., opening the S-IVB tank dome cover and installing the airlock boot might be enough to jeopardize the mission), asked both Thompson and Leland F. Belew, S/AAP Manager at MSFC, to explore various alternatives to this method of activating the Workshop.[44]
  • In
    Dorion, Quebec, a Canadian National Railways freight train struck a school bus at a railroad crossing, killing eighteen teenagers from Cité des Jeunes High School and a 21-year-old driver. The 42 passengers had recently won student government elections and were on their way to a dance at nearby Hudson. At 7:35 p.m., the bus had pulled onto the tracks and had not completed its crossing when the freight train sliced through it at 60 miles per hour (97 km/h).[45][46]
  • The Soviet Union declared that all Chinese students must leave the country before the end of October. According to the Soviet news agency TASS, the order came under "the principle of reciprocity" after the Communist Chinese government had declared on September 20 that it would cease allowing Soviet exchange students to study at Chinese universities.[47]
  • Born: Sherman Alexie, American filmmaker and poet; in Spokane, Washington

October 8, 1966 (Saturday)

October 9, 1966 (Sunday)

October 10, 1966 (Monday)

Congressman Powell

October 11, 1966 (Tuesday)

October 12, 1966 (Wednesday)

Castelo Branco
  • Nine days after his civilian successor had been elected by the national congress, the Brazilian president, General Humberto Castelo Branco caused a constitutional crisis by issuing a decree removing six of the legislators from office. General Castelo Branco acted under a previously authorized procedure referred to as cassação de mandato (cancellation of mandate), despite having assured the President of the Chamber of Deputies, Adauto Lúcio Cardoso, that there would be no further cancellations. Cardoso defied his President, ruled that the six congressmen could continue to serve, and offered them an opportunity to defend themselves in Congress. Castelo Branco's use of force brought the two parties, ARENA and MDB, together in challenging the President, and on October 20, he would respond by closing the Brazilian Congress for one month, citing "counterrevolutionary elements who attempt to bring tumult" as his reason.[63]
  • Only five months after it had become independent from the United Kingdom,
    Cuyuni River that separated Venezuela and Guyana, had been divided by an agreement signed in Geneva, but Venezuelan troops moved onto the Guyanese half of the island after the British government had withdrawn.[64]
  • Gunter Schuller's opera, The Visitation, premiered in Hamburg, West Germany.[65]
  • Died: Arthur Lourié (Naum Izrailevich Luria), 74, Russian-born classical composer

October 13, 1966 (Thursday)

October 14, 1966 (Friday)

October 14, 1966: 900th anniversary of Battle of Hastings observed
  • The 900th anniversary of the
    Philatelists purchased sheets of the stamps for their collections, and some found errors that increased the rarity (and the value) of their purchase, including one example in Parkstone where the image of the Queen had been omitted.[68]
Jo Cals

October 15, 1966 (Saturday)

picture1
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Bobby Seale and Huey Newton

October 16, 1966 (Sunday)

October 17, 1966 (Monday)

Some Hollywood Square contestants in 1974: Paul Lynde, Rose Marie, Peter Marshall and Charlie Weaver
  • At 11:30 a.m. Eastern time,
    Network Ten in Australia.[84]
  • In
    trading stamps programs) would lead to Congressional investigations and ultimately stricter penalties for anti-competitive measures by grocers.[88]
  • Twelve New York firefighters were killed, and 17 others injured, in what was, at that time, the worst disaster in the history of the New York City Fire Department.[89] Most were members of Engine Company 18, and were on the ground floor of the Wonder Drug Store on East 23rd Street when the terrazzo floor beneath them collapsed, plunging them into the fire in the basement and bringing down the walls on top of them.[90][91]
  • The government of Zambia acquired the 165-square-mile (430 km2) Lochinvar Ranch from brothers Harry Wulfsohn and Edwin Wulfsohn, for 40,000 British pounds,[92] and transformed it from a former cattle ranch into a wildlife preserve, which would reopen as the Lochinvar National Park in 1972. The park, with 420 different species of animals, is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the southern African nation.[93]
  • An earthquake struck Peru, killing more than 100 people.[94] The Huaura Province reported 72 deaths, most of them in the provincial capital at Huacho, while the port city of Callao, and the capital, Lima, also suffered fatalities.[95]
  • Died:

October 18, 1966 (Tuesday)

Multi-millionaires Arden and Kresge
  • Died:
    • Elizabeth Arden (Florence Nightingale Graham), 81, Canadian-born American beautician and cosmetics entrepreneur. One of the wealthiest women in the world, Arden left an estate of almost $50,000,000.[99]
    • Kmart discount department stores.[100]

October 19, 1966 (Wednesday)

  • MSFC Director
    Huntsville, saying that these projects were of an engineering rather than a scientific nature and that, with MSFC's in-house capability for engineering work of this type, his Center could make substantial - and cost-effective - contributions to lunar exploration.[44]
  • Bobby Orr, formerly the captain of the minor league Oshawa Generals, played his very first National Hockey League game, appearing for the Boston Bruins, and beginning a 12-year career that would include eight consecutive awards of the James Norris Memorial Trophy for the NHL's best defenseman.[101]
  • Paramount Pictures was saved from bankruptcy when it was acquired by the conglomerate Gulf and Western Industries, an event that one film historian would later call "the birth of corporate Hollywood".[102]
  • Born: Jon Favreau, American film director whose Paramount Pictures films, Iron Man and Iron Man 2, grossed a combined total of 1.2 billion dollars; in Flushing, Queens, New York

October 20, 1966 (Thursday)

  • Soviet First Secretary
    SS-7 Saddler), one from a missile silo and the other from the ground.[104]
  • The
    Rheinland-Pfalz
    .
  • Born:
    Köln
    , West Germany
  • Died:
    • Harry F. Byrd, 79, U.S. Senator for Virginia for more than 32 years and one of the most powerful men in the U.S. Senate until his resignation for health reasons in 1965. As Governor of Virginia from 1926 to 1930, he reduced the state government from 100 departments to only 12, turned a deep deficit into a financial surplus in four years, and called himself the "fiscal watchdog" over the federal budget. In 1960, despite not being on the ballot for president, Byrd received 15 electoral votes from dissatisfied Electoral College members in Mississippi, Alabama and Oklahoma.[105]
    • Mohamed Fawzi, 48, Egyptian composer who wrote the music for '"Kassaman", adopted in 1963 as the National Anthem of Algeria

October 21, 1966 (Friday)

Aberfan spoil heaps before the disaster...
... and after

October 22, 1966 (Saturday)

October 23, 1966 (Sunday)

  • Che Guevara left Cuba for the last time, flying from Havana to Moscow with a Cuban passport in the name Luis Hernandez Galvan, then to Prague as Ramon Benitez of Uruguay, to Vienna as Adolfo Mena of Uruguay, and, ultimately, to Bolivia, where he would be killed in an ambush on October 9, 1967.[121]
  • INS Nilgiri, the first Indian Navy ship built in India, rather than a foreign shipyard, was commissioned. In a collaboration with Yarrow Shipbuilders of Scotland, the first of the Nilgiri-class frigates had been constructed in Mumbai at the Mazagon Docks.[122]
  • Died: Claire McDowell, 88, American silent film actress

October 24, 1966 (Monday)

  • The retrial of Dr. Sam Sheppard began, four months after the U.S. Supreme Court had concluded that he had been denied a fair trial and had been convicted (on December 21, 1954) of murdering his wife. The new proceedings would bring fame to Dr. Sheppard's new lawyer, F. Lee Bailey of Boston. Sheppard would be found not guilty on November 16.[123]
  • Born:
    Russian SFSR
    , Soviet Union
  • Died:

October 25, 1966 (Tuesday)

  • Meeting in
    Pham Van Dong, referring to the Munich Agreement between Adolf Hitler and Neville Chamberlain in 1938, responded, "Never Munich again, in whatever form," and pledged that his nation "will fight until final victory against the U.S. imperialists."[127][128]
  • Gemini Program Deputy Manager at MSC, requested from W. A. Ferguson at MSFC that Huntsville furnish MSC two S-IVB trainers for use in crew training and crew evaluation of hardware for the airlock program. MSC wanted a full-scale S-IVB neutral buoyancy trainer for evaluation of extravehicular operations, crew transfer, and equipment retrieval and stowage. Kleinknecht also asked for a full-scale, high-fidelity, one-g trainer for similar application. He requested that these trainers be updated as changes were made to the design of the S-IVB flight article.[44]
  • MSFC distributed its research and development plan for the
    space science and technology and thus "sustain the tempo of the national space program, and aid in assuring U.S. primacy in space."[44]
  • The Luna 12 space probe, launched by the Soviet Union on October 22, entered orbit around the Moon in order to photograph potential landing sites for a crewed mission. With higher resolution television cameras (1100 scan lines) and a closer orbital approach than previous Soviet probes (as near as 103 kilometres (64 mi)), Luna 12 returned images in which 15-metre (49 ft) long objects could be discerned. Most of the photos, taken from a nearly equatorial lunar orbit, were not released.[129][130]
  • A military court in Jakarta sentenced Indonesia's ex-foreign minister Subandrio to death, on charges of being involved in the 30 September Movement.[131][132] The sentence would be reduced to life imprisonment upon the intervention of the British government.
  • Three days after accusing Britain's Royal Air Force of flying over Spanish territory in order to reach Gibraltar,[133] Spain closed off its border crossing at La Línea de la Concepción, the only land connection between the British colony and the rest of Europe.[134]
  • The
    Lop Nor desert site.[135][136]
  • The
    British House of Commons voted 307–239 to approve the Labour government's compulsory freeze on wages and prices, with a 500-pound sterling fine against violators.[137]
  • Died: Floyd MacMillan Davis, 70, American illustrator

October 26, 1966 (Wednesday)

October 26, 1966: 44 crew of USS Oriskany killed in ship fire
  • A fire aboard the aircraft carrier
    parachute flare, which accidentally ignited after two sailors were returning unused flares from aircraft to a storage compartment. In a panic, one of the men tossed the flare into a storage locker containing 700 more flares, setting off flames hot enough to melt metal.[140] The loss of life would have been greater had it not been for the work of crewmen who were able to push 343 of the ship's bombs, some of them weighing 2,000 pounds (910 kg), overboard.[141]
October 26, 1966: LBJ in Vietnam

October 27, 1966 (Thursday)

  • Erich Mende resigned his post as Vice-Chancellor of West Germany. Mende, the Chairman of the Free Democratic Party, quit along with three other FDP members, Finance Minister Rolf Dahlgruen, Economic Cooperation Minister (and future President) Walter Scheel, and Housing Minister Ewald Bucher. The four were all part of the coalition that made up the second Cabinet of Chancellor Ludwig Erhard, leaving Erhard of the Christian Democratic Union with a minority government.[146] Hans-Christoph Seebohm was appointed to succeed Mende. Chancellor Erhard himself, unable to form an acceptable government, would resign on November 30.[147]
  • The United Nations General Assembly voted, 114–2, to end the South African Mandate over the former German colony of South West Africa, with the two "no" votes coming from South Africa and from Portugal, whose colony of Angola bordered the Mandate territory. France and the United Kingdom abstained.[148] The post of United Nations Commissioner for South-West Africa was established, and Anton Vratuša would be the first office holder, unable to administer the colony, however, because South Africa maintained that the U.N. had no right to interfere with the 1920 decision of the defunct League of Nations.
  • In the United States, the CBS television network premiered It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown as a Halloween-themed animated presentation based on the comic strip Peanuts. The popular cartoon special has been shown annually since then during the last week in October, for 35 years on CBS, and (since 2001) on the ABC network.[149]
  • Walt Disney recorded his final filmed appearance prior to his death, detailing his plans for Epcot, a utopian planned city to be built in Florida. After his death less than two months later, the original concept would be scrapped and Epcot would become an amusement park.[150]
  • Born:
  • Died: Barry Faulkner, 85, American mural painter

October 28, 1966 (Friday)

  • The
    Dong Nang grasslands at the base of the Himalayan Mountains were owned by China and Bhutanese farmers who used the land for cattle grazing would have to pay taxes to the Beijing government.[152]
  • An investigation was started by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) of games of chance sponsored by supermarkets, including "supermarket bingo" and sweepstakes, in order to determine whether the contests were illegal, unwinnable, or had increased food prices. The FTC called on grocery stores to voluntarily eliminate "any practices that are unfair or deceptive or that unjustifiably add to the American housewife's grocery bill."[153]
  • Born: Steve Atwater, American NFL defensive back; in Chicago
  • Died: Robert Charpentier, 50, French cyclist who won three gold medals at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin[154]

October 29, 1966 (Saturday)

  • Nineteen airline passengers from the African nation of
    Organization of African Unity meeting in Ethiopia, were removed from a Pan American World Airways flight when it made a stop in Accra, the capital of Ghana. All 19, led by Foreign Minister Joseph Ankrah, were detained as prisoners by the government, which said that it was retaliating against Guinea for imprisoning Ghanaian citizens. The U.S. Ambassador to the African nation of Guinea, Robinson McIlvaine, was placed under house arrest at his residence in Conakry, in retaliation for the imprisonment of the Guinean Foreign Minister in Ghana. The Guinean government charged that McIlvaine and the United States were responsible for the Ghana incident.[155] The OAU and the Ethiopian Justice Minister would mediate the confrontation, and the 19 prisoners would be released on November 5, after it was determined that none of the alleged prisoners in Guinea wished to return to Ghana.[156]
  • Less than three months after its launch on August 10, Lunar Orbiter 1 was deliberately pulled out of orbit by NASA Ground Control, and crashed into the Moon. The NASA decision, which came even as the Soviet lunar orbiter, Luna 12, was sending back photographs to the USSR, was done in order to avoid interference with the Lunar Orbiter 2 probe that would launch on November 6.[157] The crash was accomplished by transmitting a command to fire a retrorocket that slowed the probe's speed from 2,150 to 1,750 miles per hour, causing a sufficient loss of momentum to make the vehicle glide to an impact on the far side of the Moon.[158] Regarding all four Lunar Orbiters, a historian would write later, "With a total cost of the entire project at $163 million, they were almost certainly the world's most expensive disposable cameras."[159]
  • The first regeneration of Doctor Who took place, as the Doctor's face changed from that of actor William Hartnell to that of his successor, Patrick Troughton. Hartnell, at 58, was supposedly exhausted from the production schedule,[160] so in the story, The Tenth Planet, the Doctor remarked "This old body of mine is wearing a bit thin," and collapsed. With the aid of a slow mix and dissolve, the closeup view of Hartnell's face was gradually replaced by that of the 46-year-old Troughton.[161]
  • Valued at half a million dollars, the Antonio da Correggio painting Madonna and Child with the infant Saint John the Baptist was stolen from the Art Institute of Chicago. Seventeen hours later, an anonymous phone call was made to the Institute, and the 450-year-old painting, wrapped in brown paper and tied with a string, was found in a wastebasket downtown, with moderate and permanent damage.[162]
  • The National Organization for Women (NOW) was officially incorporated during its first national conference, held in Washington, D.C., and adopted a preamble that declared its purpose to be "to take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all the privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men."[163]
  • Queen
    Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and her consort Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, visited Aberfan to pay their respects to those who died in the disaster.[164]
  • 1966 Scottish League Cup Final, held at Hampden Park in Glasgow in front of 94,532 spectators.[165][166]
  • A penumbral lunar eclipse took place.[167][168]
  • Died: Jocelyn Brooke, 57, English author best known of the "Orchid Trilogy" of books, which he started with 1948's The Military Orchid

October 30, 1966 (Sunday)

  • Riverside Community College in southern California, was brutally murdered after leaving the campus library at closing time.[169] When her body was found the next morning, she had been "slashed three times in the chest, once in the back, and seven times in her throat" with wounds "so extensive that she was nearly decapitated".[170] An anonymous letter, claiming responsibility for the killing, would be received by city police on November 29,[171] with the warning that Bates "is not the first and she will not be the last". The form of the murders, and the wording of the letters, were similar enough to that of the Zodiac Killer[172]
    that Bates would be considered to have likely been his first victim.
  • The Montreal Alouettes defeated the Ottawa Rough Riders 1–0 in the lowest-scoring game in Canadian Football League history and a record for modern pro football history. The Als' score came when kicker Peter Kempf attempted a 25-yard field goal and the wind sent the ball wide; the Riders' Don Gilbert fell on the missed kick in the end zone, which gave Montreal a single point under CFL rules. A previous 1–0 game had happened in 1949, before the CFL was founded by a merger of two leagues.[173]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • Dr. Smiley Blanton, 84, American psychiatrist who, along with the Reverend Norman Vincent Peale, created the profession of pastoral counseling, an integration of psychiatry and religion. They co-founded the Religio-Psychiatric Clinic in 1937, and later the American Foundation of Religion and Psychiatry, as well as authoring Faith Is the Answer: A Psychiatrist and a Pastor Discuss Your Problems and The Art of Real Happiness.[176]
    • John Drainie, 50, Canadian radio and television actor who was dubbed, by Orson Welles, as "the greatest radio actor in the world" for the lead role in Jake and the Kid.
    • Bill Farnsworth, 79, Australian rugby and cricket star

October 31, 1966 (Monday)

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  3. ^ "Russ Bar Freedom for Rudolf Hess", Chicago Tribune, October 2, 1966, p1
  4. ^ "Hunt Missing Jet with 20 in Mountains", Chicago Tribune, October 2, 1966, p1
  5. ^ Aircraft Accident Report. West Coast Airlines, Inc DC-9 N9101. Near Wemme, Oregon Archived 2008-02-16 at the Wayback Machine, Adopted: 11 December 1967
  6. ^ O'Malley, Daniel (October 4, 1966). "Mike Coppola Dies; Scottoriggio Figure". Daily News. New York City. p. 4. Retrieved July 2, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  7. ^ "KOUFAX PITCHES DODGERS TO PENNANT!". Chicago Tribune. October 3, 1966. p. 3-1.
  8. Newport Daily News. Newport, Rhode Island
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  9. ^ "INEZ HITS BOAT; 45 LOST". Chicago Tribune. October 8, 1966. p. 1.
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  62. ^ * Catholic Hierarchy
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