October 2007 California wildfires
October 2007 California wildfires | |
---|---|
Date(s) | |
Location | Southern California |
Statistics | |
Total fires | 30[3] |
Burned area | 972,147 acres (3,900 km2)[3][4][5][6] |
Land use | Mixed, residential, and wildlands |
Impacts | |
Deaths | 17[5][7][8] |
Non-fatal injuries | At least 160[3][6] |
Structures destroyed | 3,143 |
Damage | At least $2.393 billion (2007 USD)[9][10][8] |
Ignition | |
Cause | Human; downed power lines; heat; vehicle fires, etc. |
The October 2007 California wildfires, also known as the Fall 2007 California firestorm,
California Governor
Major contributing factors to the extreme fire conditions were drought in Southern California, hot weather, and unusually strong Santa Ana winds, with gusts reaching 85 mph (140 km/h).[24] California's "fire season," which traditionally runs from June to October, has become a year-round threat, due to a mixture of perennial drought and the increasing number of homes built in canyons and on hillsides, surrounded by brush and forest.[25]
The fires had numerous sources. Several were triggered by power lines damaged by the high winds.
Fires
This is a list of the named fires that ignited as part of the October 2007 California firestorm, beginning in late October 2007. Most of these wildfires were managed by
Name | County | Acres | Km2 | Start Date | Contained Date | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ranch | Los Angeles | 58,401 | 236.3 | October 20, 2007 | October 30, 2007 | 10 structures destroyed |
Canyon |
Los Angeles | 4,521 | 18.3 | October 21, 2007 | October 27, 2007 | 8 structures destroyed |
Sedgewick Fire | Santa Barbara | 710 | 2.9 | October 21, 2007 | October 30, 2007 | |
Harris | San Diego | 90,440 | 366.0 | October 21, 2007 | November 5, 2007 | 472 structures destroyed, 1 civilian fatality |
October Fire | Los Angeles | 35 | 0.1 | October 21, 2007 | October 30, 2007 | |
Nightsky Fire | Ventura | 20 | 0.1 | October 21, 2007 | November 1, 2007 | |
Witch | San Diego | 197,990 | 801.2 | October 21, 2007 | November 6, 2007 | 1,650 structures destroyed, 2 civilian fatalities |
McCoy Fire[nb 1] | San Diego | 400 | 1.6 | October 21, 2007 | October 26, 2007[31] | 1 structure destroyed[4] |
Buckweed |
Los Angeles | 38,356 | 155.2 | October 21, 2007 | November 1, 2007 | 63 structures destroyed |
Roca Fire | Riverside | 270 | 1.1 | October 21, 2007 | November 1, 2007 | |
Santiago | Orange | 28,400 | 114.9 | October 21, 2007 | November 9, 2007 | 24 structures destroyed |
Coronado Hills Fire | San Diego | 250 | 1.0 | October 22, 2007 | October 30, 2007 | |
Little Mountain Fire | San Bernardino | 650 | 2.6 | October 22, 2007 | October 24, 2007 | |
Walker Fire | San Bernardino | 160 | 0.6 | October 22, 2007 | October 30, 2007 | |
Cajon Fire | San Bernardino | 250 | 1.0 | October 22, 2007 | October 30, 2007 | |
Magic | Los Angeles | 2,824 | 11.4 | October 22, 2007 | October 27, 2007 | |
Slide | San Bernardino | 12,759 | 51.6 | October 22, 2007 | October 31, 2007 | 272 structures destroyed |
Rice | San Diego | 9,472 | 38.3 | October 22, 2007 | November 1, 2007 | 248 structures destroyed |
Grass Valley | San Bernardino | 1,247 | 5.0 | October 22, 2007 | October 29, 2007 | 178 structures destroyed |
Rosa Fire | Riverside | 411 | 1.7 | October 22, 2007 | October 31, 2007 | |
San Martin Fire | San Bernardino | 123 | 0.5 | October 23, 2007 | October 30, 2007 | |
Meadowridge Fire | Los Angeles | 58,401 | 236.3 | October 23, 2007 | October 30, 2007 | |
Poomacha[nb 1] |
San Diego | 49,410 | 200.0 | October 23, 2007 | November 13, 2007[8] | 217 structures destroyed |
Ammo (Horno) Fire | San Diego | 21,004 | 85.0 | October 23, 2007 | October 29, 2007 | |
Wilcox Fire | San Diego |
100 | 0.4 | October 23, 2007 | October 26, 2007 | |
Wildomar Fire | Riverside | 20 | 0.1 | October 24, 2007 | October 24, 2007 |
Notes
- ^ a b These wildfires merged into the Witch Fire.
Counties
San Diego County
Of all the wildfires, the two largest ones were located in
Residents were subjected to a mix of mandatory and voluntary evacuations, depending on the projected path of a fire. Hundreds of thousands of residents were notified of evacuations via a computerized
Two days into the fires, approximately 500,000 people from at least 346,000 homes were under mandatory orders to evacuate,
Officials estimated that 12,000 gathered at Qualcomm stadium. Volunteers provided food, blankets, water, internet services, children's toys, massages, and a live rock band performance for those at the stadium.[38] Nearly all public schools and universities in the San Diego area were closed. Many businesses closed as well. To ensure clear roads for emergency vehicles, San Diego mayor Jerry Sanders asked residents to stay home and inside.[39]
By October 23, some evacuations were lifted, allowing about 50,000 residents from the cities of
Many major roads were closed as a result of fires and smoke. On October 22, the
Officials from the
Fire data was provided by the
Fire name | Date / time started | Area burned | Structures destroyed | Injuries | Containment Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Witch (Creek) | October 21 at 11:00 a.m. | 197,990 acres (801 km2) | 1,125 homes 509 outbuildings 239 vehicles 77 homes damaged 25 outbuildings damaged[50] |
2 deaths 40 firefighters 2 civilians |
November 6 |
Harris | October 21 at 9:23 a.m. | 90,440 acres (366 km2) | 206 homes 293 outbuildings 253 homes 2 commercial properties 12 homes damaged 3 outbuildings damaged[51] |
5 deaths 40 firefighters 21 civilians |
|
Poomacha (Palomar Mountain/Valley Center) | October 23 at 3:13 p.m. | 50,176 acres (203.06 km2) | 143 homes 77 outbuildings |
21 firefighters | |
Horno/Ammo | October 23 at 9:20 p.m. | 21,084 acres (85.32 km2) (Ammo Fire) 6,000 acres (24.28 km2) (Horno Fire) |
6 firefighters | ||
Rice | October 22 at 4:16 p.m. | 9,472 acres (38.3 km2) | 206 homes 2 commercial properties 40 outbuildings |
5 firefighters | |
McCoy | October 21 | 400 acres (1.62 km2) | 1 residence 1 outbuilding |
||
Coronado Hills | October 22 at 1:50 a.m. | 250 acres (1.01 km2) | 2 outbuildings | October 22 | |
Wilcox | October 23 | 100 acres (0.40 km2) |
Witch Creek Fire
The Witch Creek Fire was the largest of the October 2007 wildfires and surpassed the 1970
The fire started in Witch Creek Canyon near
Strong
On the morning of October 22, at 5:22 AM PDT, residents located between the Del Dios Highway and State Route 56 were ordered to evacuate.
Evacuation sites in San Diego County included
Many major roads were also closed as a result of the fires and smoke. On October 22, the
On Wednesday, October 24, 2007, some of the evacuation orders in place for Rancho Bernardo, Rancho Peñasquitos, 4S Ranch, and other areas west of Rancho Bernardo were lifted, after the western part of the Witch Creek Fire had been extinguished. However, the evacuation orders in place for eastern and northern Rancho Bernardo, around Lake Hodges, were still in place.[43] On October 25, more of the evacuation orders for the Witch Fire around Rancho Bernardo were lifted, as the Witch Creek Fire became 45% contained.[58] Late on October 24, after the winds had reversed, the Witch Fire began approaching the nearby Poomacha Fire to the north, which was burning near Palomar Mountain, with firefighters and officials fearing that the two wildfires would soon merge.[59] On October 25, the Witch Fire and the Poomacha Fire merged into one gigantic complex fire, with the two wildfires joining to the south of Palomar Mountain.[8] On October 26, the Witch Fire also merged with the contained McCoy Fire,[31] which had previously burned 400 acres in the Pine Hills area, in eastern San Diego County.[4]
Harris Fire
The Harris Fire burned in a northwest direction from its starting point at Harris Ranch Road in the town of Potrero, in the far south of San Diego County, a few miles north of Tecate, Mexico. On October 23, the fire approached eastern Chula Vista.[60]
Many communities were evacuated, with evacuation centers set up at a nearby high school and community center.[61]
Thomas James Varshock, 52, of Potrero, died on his property during the Harris Fire on Sunday. His teenage son suffered burn injuries, along with four firefighters of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, who had attempted to rescue them.
The Harris Fire also burned into northern Mexico, near the town of Tecate.[65]
On November 5, the Harris Fire was 100% contained.[8] However, hotspots continued to burn within the perimeter of the Harris Fire until November 16, when the last hotspot was finally extinguished.[2]
Other fires
- Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton Fires:
- The Wilcox Fire began at Santa Margarita/33 Area behind Marine Corps Air Station Camp Pendleton.[66][67]
- The Ammo Fire was located near the Las Pulgas/43 Area and Basilone Road.[48][66]
- The Horno Fire burned 21,084 acres (85 km2), and was located in the Basilone Road and Canyon Road/Las Flores/41 Area.[47][45][46][66][68]
- The Poomacha Fire (or Mt. Palomar Fire) began as a structure fire on the La Jolla Indian Reservation, then established itself on Palomar Mountain, merged with the Witch Fire on October 25,[8][69] and entered the Agua Tibia Wilderness. Because of steep terrain, it continued to burn after all other October 2007 fires were put out, before finally reaching full containment on November 13, 2007.[8][47]
- The Rice Canyon Fire started in the early morning of October 22, in the Rice Canyon near Fallbrook. It caused massive evacuations and the closure of Interstate 15.[48][70]
- The Rice Canyon Fire was caused by downed power lines.[71]
- The Coronado Hills Fire started near Cal State San Marcos.[48]
- On October 23, The San Diego Union-Tribune reported on the El Capitan Fire: "A small brush fire that burned today around El Capitan Reservoir north of Alpine is out, Cal Fire officials said about 9:30 p.m. Officials said the blaze consumed the vegetation near the reservoir and ran out of fuel."[72]
- The McCoy Fire started on October 21, at the Cleveland National Forest, near the intersection of the Eagle Peak and Boulder Creek roads, west of Rancho Cuyamaca State Park.[8] It burned 400 acres (1.6 km2) and destroyed at least one structure in Pine Hills.[4] Although the McCoy Fire was contained on October 23, the McCoy Fire eventually merged into the still-expanding Witch Creek Fire on October 26, shortly before the smaller fire was fully brought under control.[31]
Los Angeles and Ventura counties
Numerous fires burned in Los Angeles and Ventura Counties.
- The Buckweed Fire burned north of
- The Canyon Fire burned around Malibu, California, specifically in Malibu Canyon. It was the first of the October 2007 California wildfires to receive significant attention from the national media.[74] In addition to damaging or destroying 14 homes, the fire destroyed two Malibu landmarks: Castle Kashan and the Presbyterian Church.
- The Magic Fire started near The Old Road at Magic Mountain Parkway, within a half mile of the Stevenson Ranch, but were pushed away. The fire is believed to have been caused accidentally by welders at a construction site.[48]
- The Meadowridge Fire began near Highway 14 and San Fernando Road in Santa Clarita.[48]
- The October Fire burned a small area in Santa Clarita, destroying several homes in the Canyon Breeze Mobile Home Park.[48]
- The Ranch Fire (or Castaic Fire) burned along the Los Angeles-Ventura county line about 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Santa Clarita,[48] in the Angeles and Los Padres national forests. It surrounded the Ventura County community of Piru[74][75] and also threatened the communities of Fillmore, Ventura and Ojai.[48] About 500 residences lie in the fire's path.[48] Evacuations were recommended in all of Piru and portions of Fillmore.[75] Angeles National Forest officials implemented a total forest closure on October 23.
- The Nightsky Fire burned a small area south of Moorpark in Ventura County.[48]
Fire data has been provided by the CAL FIRE and independent news media. As of October 2007[update]:[48][49]
Fire Name | Date / Time Started | Area Burned | Structures Destroyed | Injuries | Containment Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ranch (Castaic / Piru) | October 20 at 9:42 p.m.[1] | 58,401 acres (236.3 km2) | 1 home 9 outbuildings |
||
Buckweed | October 21 at 12:55 p.m. | 38,356 acres (155.2 km2) | 63 | 3 civilians 1 firefighter |
|
Canyon | October 21 at 4:50 a.m. | 4,565 acres (18.5 km2) | 22 | 3 | |
Magic | October 22 at 2:17 p.m. | 2,824 acres (11.4 km2) | |||
Meadowridge | October 23 at 4:08 a.m. | 40 acres (0.162 km2) | |||
Nightsky | October 21 at 10:35 a.m. | 35 acres (0.1 km2) | |||
October | October 21 at 9:47 a.m. | 25 acres (0.1 km2) | At least 3 mobile homes damaged | October 30 |
Orange County
- The Santiago Fire began shortly before 5:55 p.m. on October 21, 2007 in the foothills north of Irvine and east of the city of Orange in Orange County. The fire was reportedly started in two separate spots (along Santiago Canyon Road, west of Silverado Canyon Road); fire officials have attributed the source of the fire to arson.[76] On October 24, 2007, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger visited an evacuation center at El Toro High School.[77] Schools and districts all over Orange County were closed on Friday, October 26, 2007 because of the smoke and bad air quality.[78] A reward of $250,000 was offered for information leading to arrest of the arsonist(s). Fourteen homes and twenty four outbuildings were destroyed. Eight homes and three outbuildings were damaged, and sixteen firefighters were injured. In all, the fire burned 28,445 acres (115.1 km2).[79]
San Bernardino County
Current data on the fires has been provided by the CAL FIRE and independent news media. As of October 30:[47][48][49]
Fire Name | Date / Time Started | Area Burned | Structures Destroyed | Injuries | Containment Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slide (Running Springs) | October 22 at 8:02 a.m.[80] | 12,789 acres (51.8 km2) | 201 homes 3 outbuildings |
||
Grass Valley | October 22 at 5:08 p.m.[81] | 1,247 acres (5.0 km2) | 174 homes 2 outbuildings |
||
Martin Ranch | October 23 at 1:03 a.m. | 123 acres (0.5 km2) | 1 home damaged | 1 firefighter | |
Walker | October 22 at 10:00 a.m. | 160 acres (0.6 km2) | 2 firefighters | Oct. 27 | |
Cajon (Devore & Glen Helen) | October 22 at 11:48 a.m.[82] | 250 acres (1.0 km2) | |||
Little Mountain Fire | October 22 at 3:30 p.m. | 650 acres (2.6 km2) | October 22 |
- The Slide or Green Valley Lake Fire burned near Green Valley Lake, east of Lake Arrowhead. The Green Valley Lake, Arrowbear, and Running Springs communities were evacuated. 1,359 firefighters were assigned to the fire. The estimated cost is $1.2 million. Water pressure in local systems was lost and conditions were too extreme for fighters to continue efforts in some areas.[48] The fire partially burned "Camp Helendade," owned by the Boy Scouts of America's local council, the California Inland Empire Council. Helendade was originally given to the council in 1960 to replace another camp that had been burned.[83][84][85]
- The Grass Valley Fire was located just north of Lake Arrowhead.[86]
- Together, the Devore and Glen Helen Fires (or Cajon Fire) forced the closure of Interstate 15 in the Cajon Pass. One fire was started by an overturned semi-truck.[28]
- The Little Mountain Fire threatened several homes and other structures near Cal State San Bernardino before it was contained.[49] Due to the cumulative effects of the area fires, the University closed for the week of October 23.[87]
Santa Barbara County
- The Sedgewick Fire was the northernmost of the October 2007 California wildfires. It ignited around 6:00 a.m. PDT on October 21, 2007 from a downed power line. The fire burned a total of 710 acres (2.9 km2) near Los Olivos. Approximately 2000 people were affected and 800 homes threatened before the fire was 100% contained around 5:00 p.m. on October 22.[88]
Riverside County
- The Roca Fire was reported around 3:52 p.m. on October 21 in the vicinity of SR 79 at SR 371 in Aguanga. One home was destroyed and one injury was reported. It was 100% contained on October 22, after burning 270 acres (1.1 km2).[48]
- The Rosa Fire, three clustered blazes in the Via Santa Rosa/Rancho California Road area of western Temecula began October 22. It was 100% contained by October 24, after burning 411 acres (1.7 km2). Investigators suspect arson.[89]
- The Wildomar Fire began around 12:30 on October 24 in
Baja California
Fires also burned in northern parts of the
More than fifteen thousand hectares were consumed by the wildfires in Baja California. Tijuana, Tecate and Ensenada were the municipalities more affected by the fire. In total there were seven fires caused by Santa Ana winds. The community of Maneadero, in the highlands of Ensenada, was the most affected.[94]
Wind and weather
The fires occurred at the end of a dry summer and were exacerbated by the seasonal Santa Ana winds, which were blowing at an unusually high strength at that time. The San Diego Union-Tribune reported, "Santa Ana winds blowing up to 60 mph (97 km/h) combined with temperatures into the 90s to create in the worst possible fire conditions."[95] At one point swirling winds threatened to bring fire into densely populated urban areas.[25] At the height of the Santa Ana winds on October 22, the winds reached sustained speeds of 90 mph (140 km/h), with wind gusts up to 112 mph (180 km/h) reported.[8]
Southern California was in the midst of an unusual drought; in
Impact
On October 21, the Harris Fire damaged and disabled the
Authorities said that the evacuation, of more than 900,000 people, was the largest in the history of California.
The Horno Fire had charred 6,000 acres (24 km2) in Camp Pendleton by 4:00 A.M PDT, on October 24, 2007. It caused the closure of Interstate 5 and it also caused Amtrak California to stop Surfliner service between Oceanside and San Clemente.[45] Traffic was diverted to Interstate 15, which had itself been closed earlier.[46] Illegal migrant workers were endangered by the crisis, sometimes staying at work in the fields in mandatory evacuation zones. Many lived in nearby canyons and distrusted officials.[102] When fleeing the fires, some were arrested, while others were turned away from shelters due to lack of adequate identification.[103] Some Mexican firefighters expressed concern about their countrymen, while others felt the migrant workers were aware of the risks they were taking.[104]
Only a few cases of looting were documented. Six people were arrested for stealing supplies from Qualcomm stadium,[105] another was arrested for theft after being found in possession of stolen goods in the Jamul fire area,[106] and two were arrested near the Tecate border crossing.[107]
Air quality and effects on health
The concentration of
Response
Government agencies and volunteers worked together to mitigate the effects of the fires. According to the state of California's Consolidated Response web page, "There are 17 active fires in Southern California. The priority for fighting fires as of 19:30 on October 21 is the Buckweed, Witch, Harris, Canyon, Ranch, Santiago, and Sedgewick Fires."[109] March Air Reserve Base was the primary staging area for relief supplies coordinated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.[20]
With many businesses and schools closed, some people used their time off to help others. An estimated 10,000 evacuees gathered at
The
California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency in seven California counties where fires burned. President George W. Bush concurred[18] and visited the region on Thursday, October 25, 2007.[44][116]
Rep. Duncan Hunter criticized state fire officials for delaying the use of Marine helicopters until CalFire spotters were in position to coordinate their efforts. However, California Fire Marshal Kate Dargan said that the Marines and officials at CalFire were following procedures worked out with the military after serious problems with air coordination during the 2003 California wildfires. Other state officials also praised the federal response. Aaron McLear, a spokesman for Schwarzenegger, said the governor "is getting everything he needs from the federal government".[117]
NBC Nightly News reported that with the evacuations reaching about 950,000 people, this was the largest peacetime movement of Americans since the Civil War era,[118] although similar evacuation figures were cited for Hurricane Rita[119] and Hurricane Katrina.[120]
On November 6, 2007, the state of California reported that the fires were under control. On November 9, the last vole of wildfires were finally contained. According to the state's consolidated report on the fires, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger "called on the Blue Ribbon Task Force to assess the next steps to take at federal, state and local levels of government to prevent and fight future fires. Additionally, the Governor asked the task force to review the Governor’s Blue Ribbon Fire Commission’s recommendations, generated after the 2003 fires, to evaluate if the recommendations are still the best and most effective ways in preventing and fighting fires."[121]
See also
- Witch Fire
- Recloser
- Corral Fire (2007)
- 2003 California wildfires
- 2008 California wildfires
- May 2014 San Diego County wildfires
- 2017 California wildfires
- List of California wildfires
- Pacific Gas and Electric
- San Diego Gas and Electric
- Wildfires in California-related topics
- FIRESCOPE
References
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite news}}
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External links
Maps
- CalFire map Archived 2008-11-15 at the Wayback Machine
- LA Times managed Google map showing fire locations and relevant information
- MSNBC managed Virtual Earth map showing fire locations
- KPBS managed Google map with detailed San Diego area information
- San Diego County map showing evacuated areas
- CBS 8: San Diego fire maps Archived 2007-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
- Orange County Register detailed map of Santiago fire
Academics and Research
- MAP.SDSU.EDU - mapping, database and geographic information system for the 2003 and 2007 fires, managed by the San Diego GIS force group, and hosted by San Diego State University
- The San Diego Fire Recovery Network - a Southern California organization which addresses the widespread ecosystem changes in San Diego County caused by the 2003 and 2007 wild fires
- The GIS Data Center for San Diego Fire Recovery Network - hosted by San Diego State University
- Let Malibu Burn: A political history of the Fire Coast by Mike Davis
- 2007 Southern California Wildfires Web Archive at the California Digital Library.
- Witch Fire Threatens To Merge With Poomacha Fire - ABC 10News
- Southern California's Worst Brush Fires