Oenotrians

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The Oenotrians or Enotrians (

Italic tribes
.

History

It is thought that the Oenotrians represent the southern branch of a very old ethno-linguistic group, different from the proto-Latin one, which occupied the Tyrrhenian Sea area from Liguria to Sicily (Ligurian/Sicanian layer).[1] They are generally depicted as belonging to the Pelasgians.[2] According to Antoninus Liberalis and Hellanicus, their arrival triggered the migration of the Elymians to Sicily[3] around 1260 BC.

Ancient authors from the 1st c. BC state that Oenotria was named after Oenotrus, the youngest of the fifty sons of

Italic language.[7][8]

Virgil (70-21 BC) mentions them as the settlers whose descendants now call their land Italy.[9] Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD) mentions that "...opposite Velia are Pontia and Isacia, both known under the name of Oenotrides, a proof that Italy was formerly possessed by the Oenotrians".[10]

The settlement of the Greeks with the first stable colonies such as Metapontum pushed the Oenotrians inland and started a war of attrition with the Greek colonies, which they plundered more than once.[citation needed]

From the 5th century BC the Oenotrians disappeared under the pressure of the

Lucanians
.

Etymology

A likely derivation of the ethnonym Oenotrian is the Greek oînos (οἶνος, 'wine'),[11] as the Oenotrians inhabited a territory rich in vineyards, with Oenotria or Enotria (Οἰνωτρία, Oinōtría) being extended to refer to the entirety of Southern Italy.[12] Hesychius mentions the word oínōtron (οἴνωτρον), a kind of a vine stake.[13]

Language

In 1991, inscriptions dating from the 6th or the 5th century BC were discovered in the ancient Oenotrian settlement of

Italic language.[14][15]

References

  1. ISBN 978-88-425-4017-5
    .
  2. OCLC 760889060
    .
  3. ^ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities. Book I, 22 (LacusCurtius)
  4. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, Arcadia, 8.3.5 (Theoi Project)
  5. ^ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities. Book I, 11-13 (LacusCurtius)
  6. ^ Eusebius, Chronography, 102 (topostext Project)
  7. ISBN 9788880968825
    .
  8. ^ Mollo, Fabrizio (2001). Archeologia per Tortora: frammenti dal passato. Potenza: Societa Tipografica Ed.
  9. ISBN 9780143105138
    .
  10. ^ Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 3.85
  11. ^ οἶνος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
  12. ISBN 0-684-80001-2
    , p. 716. "...calling southern Italy Oenotria, "land of the grape." Over the next couple of centuries, Rome advanced the art of winemaking considerably."
  13. ^ οἴνωτρον, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
  14. ISBN 9788880968825
    .
  15. ^ Mollo, Fabrizio (2001). Archeologia per Tortora: frammenti dal passato. Potenza: Societa Tipografica Ed.

See also

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