Royal Households of the United Kingdom
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Royal Households of the United Kingdom | |
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royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom as used outside Scotland | |
The Royal Households of the United Kingdom are the collective departments that support members of the British royal family. Many members of the royal family who undertake public duties have separate households. They vary considerably in size, from the large household that supports the sovereign to the household of the Prince and Princess of Wales, with fewer members.
In addition to the royal officials and support staff, the sovereign's own household incorporates representatives of other estates of the realm, including the government, the military, and the church. Government whips, defence chiefs, several clerics, scientists, musicians, poets, and artists hold honorary positions within the Royal Household. In this way, the Royal Household may be seen as having a symbolic, as well as a practical, function: exemplifying the monarchy's close relationship with other parts of the constitution and of national life.
History
Anglo-Saxon period (871–1066)
The royal household has roots in the
Even though it traveled constantly with the king as an
- Discthegns were seneschals in charge of food provisions.[5]
- cupbearer.[5]
- Chamberlains (burthegns, bedthegns, cubicularii, camerarii) supervised the royal bedchamber (Latin: camera) and wardrobe (garderoba). Each king had two or three chamberlains.[6]
- Hræglthegn ("raiment-thegn") was responsible for the royal household's clothing.[7]
- Marshals (horsethegns) supervised the royal stables and household travel.[5]
- Stallers were military officers first appointed by Cnut the Great. There could be as many as eight stallers at once.[5]
- Stallers probably supervised the housecarls (royal bodyguards).[1]
- Priests in the royal chapel performed religious duties and acted as royal secretaries—writing letters, charters, and other official documents.[8]
The Merovingian and Carolingian royal households had similar offices, and there is evidence that it influenced its English counterpart. However, there was no English equivalent to the powerful office of major domus (Latin for "mayor of the palace"), and English kings maintained ultimate authority over their households.[4]
Anglo-Norman period (1066–1154)
By the time of Henry I (r. 1100–1135), the royal household was divided into five departments as described in the Constitutio Domus Regis:[9]
- The chapel served the king's spiritual and secretarial needs. The priests in the chapel said mass, heard confessions, and kept royal relics. The chapel was led by the lord chancellor and his subordinate officer, the master of the writing office (or chancery). This official supervised the priests who wrote various government documents and had custody of the great seal used to validate documents issued in the king's name.[10]
- The chamber saw to the king's personal needs and was the main financial office of the government. The chamber was led by the master chamberlain (Latin: magister camerarius, later called the Lord Great Chamberlain), lesser chamberlains, and other officials.[11] The chamber had two divisions: the royal bedchamber (Latin: camera regis) and the chamber of the court (Latin: camera curie). The latter chamber handled the finances.[12]
- The hall was led by four stewards who served in rotation.[13] They were great barons and influential, but the office itself never developed into a major administrative post. Their duties were primarily ceremonial, such as serving the king dishes at banquets.[14]
- The buttery was led by the butler.[13]
- The constabulary-marshalsea constituted the outdoor staff and the familia militaris (Latin for military household). The outdoor staff included huntsmen, houndsmen, and foresters. The military household were C. W. Hollister likened it to "something between a royal bodyguard ... and a small standing army."[16] This department was controlled by three to four constables. The constables were assisted by a master-marshal and four undermarshals. The marshals acted as ushers, preserving order in the king's hall. They also recorded household expenditures on talllies.[13][14]
Plantagenet period (1066–1485)
King | Year(s) | Cost | Inflation adjusted |
---|---|---|---|
Henry III | 1236–37 | £4,000 | £4,546,800 today |
Edward I | N/A | £7,000–£14,000 per year | £6,585,021–£13,170,041 today |
Edward II | 1324–25 | £4,500 | £3,372,626 today |
Edward III | N/A | £10,000–£12,000 per year | £9,674,043–£11,608,851 today |
Edward III | after 1340 | £20,000 per year | £15,500,455 today |
According to the Liber Niger Domus Regis Angliae (the Black Book of the household of Edward IV) written between 1467 and 1477, the household was divided into the Domus Providencie (the Hall) and the Domus Regie Magnificencie (the Chamber). The Domus Providencie was led by the lord steward. The Domus Regie Magnificencie was led by the lord chamberlain.[19]
Hall | Chamber |
---|---|
Lord Steward | Lord Chamberlain |
Board of Green Cloth | Royal apartments
|
Service areas
(kitchens, bakehouse, buttery, laundry, woodyard, etc) | |
Great hall (where most of the household officers ate) |
Sometime in the 15th century, the chamber divided into two sub-departments: the great chamber and the privy chamber. The privy chamber was overseen by grooms of the chamber, led by the groom of the stool. The groom of the stool was one of the most powerful officials in the household until the office was abolished in 1837. He or she (when the monarch was female) acted as a royal gatekeeper, allowing or denying other household officials access to the monarch.[20]
Evolution of great officers of state
Over time, the offices of
20th century
In its main outlines the existing organisation of the royal household is essentially the same as it was under the Tudors or the Plantagenets. It is divided into three principal departments, at the head of which are the lord steward, the lord chamberlain and the master of the horse, and the respective provinces of which may be generally described as "below stairs", "above stairs" and "out of doors". The duties of these officials, and the various officers under their charge are dealt with in the articles under those headings. When the reigning sovereign is a queen, the royal household is in some other respects rather differently arranged from that of a king and a queen consort.[21]
Under a king and a queen consort, a separate establishment "above stairs" and "out of doors" works for the queen consort. She has a
The household of Elizabeth II included 1,200 employees. This was roughly the same size as Charles II's household but larger than Victoria's, whose staff numbered 921.[22]
The King and Queen
Start of the new reign
Appointing a new monarch's household can take some time; in 1952 the full list of appointments to the new Queen's household was not published until almost six months after her accession to the throne.[23]
In 2022, walking in the state procession for the
On 13 September, five days after the death of his mother,
As consort of the British sovereign, Queen Camilla will receive a household of her own. Traditionally, queens consort have appointed their own Lord Chamberlain and various ladies-in-waiting as part of their household.[28] This tradition was scrapped in accordance with the King's view of having a slimmed-down monarchy, and instead of ladies-in-waiting, Queen Camilla will be served by "Queen's companions", a group of six ladies that will occupy the new occasional and informal position and will not be involved in tasks such as replying to letters or developing schedules.[29] The Queen's companions are the Marchioness of Lansdowne, Jane von Westenholz, Lady Brooke, Sarah Troughton, Lady Sarah Keswick and Baroness Chisholm.[29] Major Ollie Plunket will serve as the Queen's equerry.[29] Queen Elizabeth II's ladies-in-waiting will be given new roles as "ladies of the household".[29]
Present arrangements
The Household is for the time being configured as follows (according to the arrangements inherited from Elizabeth II):
Great Officers
The Great Officers of the Household are, in order of seniority, the Lord Steward, the Lord Chamberlain and the Master of the Horse.[21] Only the Lord Chamberlain fulfils an executive function; while the other two continue to have a ceremonial role, and are to be seen particularly on State occasions.
Lord Chamberlain
As currently arranged, the Royal Household is coordinated by the part-time Lord Chamberlain (Andrew Parker, Lord Parker of Minsmere GCVO KCB),[30] and organised into functionally separate units.
Heads of departments
The
The
The
The Lord Chamberlain's Office, led by its Comptroller current Lt-Colonel Michael Vernon, is responsible for official royal occasions.
The Royal Collection Department is overseen by its Director who since February 2018 is Tim Knox.[31]
Other units
The Royal Almonry, Ecclesiastical Household, and Medical Household are functionally separate. For accounting purposes they are the responsibility of the Keeper of the Privy Purse and Treasurer to the King.[citation needed]
The Crown Equerry has day-to-day operation of the Royal Mews, and is part of the Lord Chamberlain's Office. The other equerries have a different role: attending and assisting the King in his official duties from day to day. (Historically, they too were part of the mews, but today they are entirely separate.)
The Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood is also under the Lord Chamberlain's Office, as is the office of the Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps.
The College of Arms has been a branch of the Royal Household since its incorporation in 1484 by King Richard III[32] it was directly appointed by the Sovereign on the recommendation of Earl Marshal. The college is a corporation of thirteen royal heralds, overseen by the Earl Marshal, a hereditary office held by the Duke of Norfolk. The college is self-supporting and receives no funds from the Crown. The college holds jurisdiction over all matters pertaining to heraldry, genealogy, and pedigrees in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and in some Commonwealth realms.[33]
Certain independent and honorific posts include
The offices of
If the monarch is female she has
The Household includes a number of honorary military appointments: the
Gentlemen ushers are unpaid members of the Royal Household, often retired military officers, who provide occasional assistance as marshals at royal events. The
The royal residences (see list of British royal residences) in current use are cared for and maintained by the Royal Household Property Section directly from the grant-in-aid provided by Parliament,[34] whereas Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House are privately owned and maintained. The unoccupied royal residences (including the Tower of London) are run by the Historic Royal Palaces Agency, which is self-funding.
The Scottish Royal Household
The Royal Household in Scotland includes offices of personal, honorary and state appointments. Many appointments are vacant having fallen into abeyance; been abolished or returned to The Crown; merged with other positions both before and after the Union of the Crown with England; or due to lack of a clear office holder.
The Great Officers of the Royal Household (not to be confused with the Great Officers of State of Scotland which are political and judicial appointments, or the Great Officers of the Crown of Scotland though some officers are shared) are:[35]
- Lord High Constable – Merlin Hay, 24th Earl of Erroll
- Master of the Household – Torquhil Campbell, 13th Duke of Argyll
- Keeper of the Palace of Holyroodhouse – Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 16th Duke of Hamilton
- Armour-Bearer and Squire of His Majesty's Body – traditionally held by the Setons of Touch
- Bearer of the Royal Banner – Alexander Scrymgeour, 12th Earl of Dundee
- Bearer of the National Flag of Scotland – Ian Maitland, 18th Earl of Lauderdale
- Lord Justice General of Scotland – Colin Sutherland, Lord Carloway
- Great Steward of Scotland – William, Duke of Rothesay
Ecclesiastical officers of the Ecclesiastical Household of Scotland:
- Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland – Patrick Hodge, Lord Hodge
- Bishop of the Chapel Royal – (Vacant since the ruination of the Chapel Royal and disestablishment of the (Episcopal) Church of Scotland c. 1689)
- Royal Almoner – (Vacant)
- FRSE FBA
- FRSE FBA
- 2 Chaplains:
- The minister at Crathie Kirk
- The minister at Canongate Kirk
- 10 Church of Scotland Honorary Chaplains to the King
Officers of Administration and Legal Officers:
- Lord High Chamberlain – (Vacant)
- Treasurer of Scotland – (Vacant)
- Comptroller of Scotland – (Vacant)
- Great Marischal of Scotland – (Vacant)
- Knight Marischal – (Vacant)
- Justiciar of Scotia – (Vacant)
- Justiciar of Lothian – (Vacant)
- Justiciar of Galloway – (Vacant)
- King's and Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer– John Logue
- Gentleman Usher of the White Rod – The Rt Rev. Dr John A. Armes, Bishop of Edinburgh
- Master of the Mint in Scotland – (Vacant)
- Bailie of the Abbey Court of Holyroodhouse –
Governors, Captains and Keepers of Palaces and Castles:
- DL
- Falkland Palace – Ninian Crichton-Stuart
- Earl of Mar and Kellie
- Dunstaffnage Castle – the Duke of Argyll
- Dunconnel Castle– Sir Charles Edward Maclean of Dunconnel Bt, 2nd Baronet of Strachur and Glensluain, Baron Strachur
- Linlithgow Palace – (Vacant)
- Carrick Castle – the Duke of Argyll
- Dumbarton Castle – Brigadier Donald Hardie
- Dunstaffnage Castle – the Duke of Argyll
- Tarbert Castle – the Duke of Argyll
- Dunfermline Palace – (Vacant)
- Castle Sween – the Duke of Argyll
- Blackness Castle – (Vacant)
- Keeper and Ranger of the Park of Holyroodhouse – (Vacant – associated with the Earl of Haddington until 1844)
Heraldic Officers and Keepers of the Regalia:
- DL
- The heralds and pursuivants
- Commissioners for the Safekeeping of the Regalia
- Deputy-keeper of the Honours of Scotland
- Yeoman-Keepers of the Honours of Scotland
Officers of the Order of the Thistle:
- Chancellor of the Order of the Thistle – (Vacant)
- LVO
- LVO
The Household Division, Sovereign's Body Guard, King's Guard, and ceremonial military posts and bodies:
- Lieutenant General of the North – (Vacant)
- Lord Warden of the Marches – (Vacant)
- Lord High Admiral of Scotland– (Vacant)
- Vice Admiral of Scotland– (Vacant)
- Admiral of the Western Coasts and Isles – Torquhil Campbell, 13th Duke of Argyll
- Lord High Admiral of the Firth of Forth
- Vice-Admiral of Orkney and Shetland – (Vacant – historically associated with the Sheriff Depute of Orkney and Shetland)
- Gold Stick and Silver Stick for Scotland
- The Royal Company of Archers, the monarch's bodyguard in Scotland
- High Constables and Guard of Honour of the Palace of Holyroodhouse
- Doorward Guard of Partisans – personal retainers of the Lord High Constable of Scotland and bodyguard to the sovereign
- The Scots Guards
- The Mounted Troop of the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards – Ceremonial mounted unit based at Edinburgh Castle, assembled for events such as the Waterloo Day celebrations
- Balaklava Company of The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 5th Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland – tasked with State and Ceremonial Duties in Scotland such as mounting the Guard at Holyrood Palace[36]
- Piper to the Sovereign and senior members of the Royal Family
- Her Majesty's state trumpeters in Scotland
- Postilions, Grooms and Footmen of the Scottish State Coach
Other hereditary and non-hereditary offices and Court appointments:
- Master Carver for Scotland – Sir Sebastian Anstruther of Balcluskie
- Butler of Scotland – (Vacant)
- Pantler of Scotland – (Vacant)
- Washer of the Sovereign's Hands in Scotland – Simon Houison Craufurd, 29th Laird of Craufurdland Castle
- Hereditary Royal Falconer of Scotland – John Hugh Borthwick, 24th Lord Borthwick
- FRSGS
- FLS
- Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland – (Vacant)
- The Painter and Limner – (Vacant since 2021)
- FRSE
- Surveyor of the King's Pictures – (Vacant – in abeyance since 2020)
- FRSE
- Geographer Royal for Scotland – Professor FRSGS
- Various other Royal physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, chemists, etc.
- The Crown Jeweller
- Her Majesty's Clockmaker and Keeper and Dresser of His Majesty's Clocks in Scotland – Hamilton & Inches
- Court Postmaster
Household of the Prince and Princess of Wales
A part-time Private Secretary to
It was announced in June 2011 that the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge would temporarily move their official London residence to an apartment in Kensington Palace, a move that was completed in August of that year. The Duke and Duchess' primary residence continued to be the island of Anglesey in Wales, where the Duke served as an RAF search and rescue pilot. The couple previously shared an apartment at Clarence House with Prince Harry, which he retained.[38] On 6 November 2011, it was announced that the Duke, Duchess and Prince Harry, along with Elizabeth II and the Prince of Wales (later King Charles) had approved a plan that would have the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge permanently move to a larger apartment in Kensington Palace in 2013, after it is renovated. This apartment was previously occupied by the Queen's sister, Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon and her husband Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon after their marriage in 1960. The apartment was retained by Princess Margaret after her divorce in 1978 and was her London residence until her death in 2002. Prince Harry then moved his official residence from Clarence House to the apartment vacated by the Cambridges. In addition, once the move was complete, their official household was also moved to Kensington Palace from St James's Palace, although the household remained shared.[39] Until the moves were complete, their Household remained based at St James's Palace and continued to be shared.[38]
It was later announced in early May 2013 that the royal couple's private secretary, James Lowther-Pinkerton, intended to leave his post as private secretary for the private sector, and his position was split with each member of the household receiving a private secretary. In September 2013, Miguel Head became Private Secretary to the Duke of Cambridge and Rebecca Deacon assumed the role of Private Secretary to the Duchess of Cambridge.[40] Ed Perkins left his post as communication secretary at the household in 2014. On 21 November 2014, the palace announced his replacement as Jason Knauf.[41]
List of Household staff
- Private Secretary to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry
- 2005–2013: Major
- Private Secretary to the Duke of Cambridge
- 2013–2018: Miguel Head[43]
- 2018–2020: Simon Case[44][45]
- 2020–2021: Christian Jones[46]
- Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales
- 2021–present: Jean-Christophe Gray[47]
- Private Secretary to the Duchess of Cambridge
- 2013–2017: Rebecca Deacon[43]
- 2017–2019: Catherine Quinn[48][49]
- 2020–2022: Hannah Cockburn-Logie[50]
- Private Secretary to the Princess of Wales
- 2024–present: Tom White[51]
- Assistant Private Secretary to the Duke of Cambridge
- 2018–2022: Zoë Ware[52]
- Assistant Private Secretary to the Princess of Wales
- 2017–: Natalie Barrows[53]
- Advisor to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge
- 2009–2019: KCVO[54]
- Advisor to the Prince and Princess of Wales
- 2019–present: Jason Knauf[55]
- Communication Secretary to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge
- Communication Secretary to the Prince and Princess of Wales
- 2022–present: Lee Thompson[57]
- Deputy Communication Secretary to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry
- Digital and Social Lead to the Prince and Princess of Wales
- 2020–present: David Watkins[59]
- Official Spokesperson for the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry
- –2013: Paddy Harverson, also Communications Secretary at Clarence House[60]
Household of the Princess Royal
The Household of the
Private Secretaries to the Princess Royal
- 1974–1976: Major Benjamin Herman MVO RM[citation needed]
- 1976–1982: Major Nicholas Lawson LVO[citation needed]
- 1982–1997: Lieutenant Colonel Sir Peter Gibbs KCVO[61]
- 1997–1999: Rupert McGuigan[62]
- 1999–2002: Colonel Timothy Earl OBE[citation needed]
- 2002–2019: Captain Sir Nick Wright KCVO, RN[63]
- 2019–2024: Charles Davies[64]
- 2024–present: Colonel John Boyd[65]
Assistant Private Secretary
- 2010–present: Commander Anne Sullivan RN[66]
Office Secretary
Extra Equerry to the Princess Royal
- 2019–: Captain Sir Nicholas Wright, KCVO[64]
Ladies in Waiting to the Princess Royal
- 2005–2024: Mrs. Brian Hammond[68]
- ?–2024: Lady Carew Pole, DCVO[65]
- ?–2024: Honourable Dame Shan Legge-Bourke, DCVO[65]
- ?–2024: Dame Rowena Jane Feilden, DCVO[65]
Extra Ladies-in-Waiting to the Princess Royal
- 2023–present: Mrs. Susanna Cross[69]
- 2024–present: Lady McFarlane[65]
- 2024–present: Lady Elizabeth Leeming, LVO[65]
- 2024–present: Mrs. John Armstrong[65]
- 2024–present: Mrs. Dolly Maude[65]
- 2024–present: Mrs. Simon (Susan) Rhodes, LVO[65]
Household of the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh
The Household of the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh provides administrative support to the
In 1980 of Sqn Ldr
Private Secretaries to the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh
- 1983–1987:
- 1987–2001: Lt Col. Sean O'Dwyer LVO DL Irish Guards (Retd.)[citation needed]
- 2002–2014: Brig. John Smedley CVO[72]
- 2014–2018: Mr. Tim Roberts[citation needed]
Private Secretary to the Duke of Edinburgh
- 2019–2023: Captain Andrew Aspden[73]
- 2023–present: Brigadier Alexander Potts[citation needed]
Private Secretary to the Duchess of Edinburgh
- 2019–present: Captain Alexander Stonor[citation needed]
Lesser households
Household of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester
- Lady-in-waiting to the Duchess of Gloucester: Mrs Susan Wigley, CVO[74]
Household of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent
- Private Secretary to Prince Michael of Kent, GCVO at Kensington Palace: Mr Nicholas Chance, CVO (1997–2016)[75][76]
Former households
Household of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra
Household of King George V and Queen Mary
Household of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2024) |
This is an incomplete list of those who served Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.
Comptroller
- 1952–1953: Peter Townsend[77]
- 1953–1974: Lord Adam Gordon[78]
- 1974–2002: Sir Alastair Aird[79]
Equerries
- 1950–1956: Capt. Oliver Dawnay
- 1955–1956: Sir Martin Gilliat[80]
- 1956–1984: Sir Francis Legh
- 1959–2002: Sir Ralph Anstruther Bt[81]
- 1968–1970: Richard Jenkins
- 1984–2002: Maj. George Seymour
- 1992–1994: Edward Dawson-Damer
- 1993–2002: Sir Alastair Aird
Extra Equerries
- 1953–2002: The Rt Hon. The Lord Sinclair[82]
- 1955–?: Sir Harvey Kearsley
- 1956: Maj Raymond Seymour
- 1956–1962: Capt. Oliver Dawnay
- 1958–?: Maj. Sir John Griffin
- 1964–1973: Alastair Aird
- 1995–2002: Capt. Ashe Windham
- 1998–2002: Nicholas Assheton
Temporary Equerries
- 1955: Maj. Raymond Seymour
- 1956–1958: Maj. John Griffin
- 1958–1960: Capt. William Richardson
- 1960–1964: Capt. Alastair Aird[83]
- 1980–1982: Capt. Ashe Windham
- 1982–1984: Capt. the Hon. Jeremy Stopford
- 1984–1986: Capt. Jamie Lowther-Pinkerton
- 1986–1988 Capt. Niall Hall
- 1988–1990 Capt. Giles Bassett
- ?–1994: Capt. Edward Dawson-Damer
- 1994–?: Maj. Colin Burgess
- 2000–2002: Capt. Mark Grayson
Ladies-in-Waiting
- 1923–1926: Lady Katharine Meade
- 1926–1932: Lady Helen Graham
- 1932–1936: Lettice Bowlby
- 1985–2002: Jane Walker-Okeover
- 1990–2002: Lady Margaret Colville
- 1991–2002: Margaret Rhodes[84]
- 1993–2002: Jennifer Gordon-Lennox
Extra Ladies-in-Waiting
- 1929–?: Lady Annaly
Ladies of the Bedchamber
- 1937–1941: Viscountess Halifax (extra 1946–?)
- 1937–1947: Lady Nunburnholme
- 1937–1972: Countess Spencer DCVO OBE[85]
- 1937–1994: Viscountess Hambleden GCVO (as Dowager Viscountess from 1948)
- 1945–1967: Lady Harlech (extra 1941–1945; as Dowager Lady from 1964)
- 1947–1979: The Countess of Scarbrough as Dowager Countess from 1969
- 1973–2002: Lady Grimthorpe (daughter of the above Countess of Scarbrough)
- 1994–2002: The Countess of Scarbrough (daughter-in-law of the above Countess of Scarbrough)
Lord Chamberlain
- 1937–1965: Col The Earl of Airlie KT GCVO MC
- 1965–1992: The Earl of Dalhousie KT GCVO GBE MC DL[86]
- 1992–2002: The Earl of Crawford KT GCVO PC[87]
Mistress of the Robes
- 1937–1964: Her Grace The Dowager Duchess of Northumberland GCVO
- 1964–1990: Her Grace The Duchess of Abercorn DCVO[88]
- 1990–2002: Vacant
Pages of Honour
- 1962–1964: James Charteris, Lord Neidpath
- 1964–1966: John Dalrymple-Hamilton
- 1966–1967: Valentine Cecil
- 1967–1969:
- 1969–1971: Simon Mulholland Esq.
- 1971–1973: Michael Bowes-Lyon, Lord Glamis (later Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne)
- 1973–1974: Gilbert Clayton Esq.
- 1974–1975: Colin Campbell-Preston
- 1975–1977: Charles Bruce, Lord Bruce
- 1977–1979: Gavin Rankin Esq.
- 1979–1982: Henry Beaumont
- 1982–1984: The Hon. Maurice Roche (later Baron Fermoy)
- 1984–1986: Andrew Hope, Viscount Aithrie (later Earl of Hopetoun)
- 1987–1989: Andrew Lillingston
- 1989–1991: Richard Lumley, Viscount Lumley (later Earl of Scarbrough)[91][92]
- 1991–1993: John Carew-Pole
- 1993–1995: Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington
- 1995–1998: The Hon. Thomas Lumley
- 1998–1999: Harry Bengough
- 1999–2002: Andrew Matheson
Press secretary
- 1956–2001: Sir John Griffin
Private secretaries
- 1937–1946: Lt Col. Richard Streatfield
- 1946–1951: Maj. Thomas Harvey
- 1951–1956: Capt. Oliver Dawnay[93][94]
- 1956–1993: Sir Martin Gilliat[80]
- 1993–2002: Sir Alastair Aird[79]
Assistant private secretaries
- 1953–1974: Lord Adam Gordon[95]
- 1955–1956: Martin Gilliat[80]
- 1956–1959: Francis Legh
- 1959–1964: Sir Ralph Anstruther Bt[81]
- 1964–1973: Alastair Aird
- 1993–2002: Maj. George Seymour
Treasurers
- 1937–1946: Sir Basil Brooke
- 1946–1960: Sir Arthur Penn[96]
- 1961–1998: Sir Ralph Anstruther Bt[81]
- 1998–2002: Nicholas Assheton
Women of the Bedchamber
- 1937–1939: Lady Helen Graham
- 1937–1960: Lady Katharine Seymour
- 1937–1961: Marion Hyde, Lady Hyde
- 1937–1944: Lettice Bowlby
- 1939–?: Lady Adelaide Peel
- 1944–1947: Lady Mary Herbert
- 1947–2001: Lady Jean Rankin
- 1951–1961: The Hon Olivia Mulholland
- 1960–1993: Lady Ruth Burke Roche, Baroness Fermoy[97]
- 1961–1963: Lady Mary Harvey
- 1965–2002: Dame Frances Campbell-Preston DCVO
- 1981–2002: Lady Angela Oswald CVO
Extra Women of the Bedchamber
- 1937–1994: Lady Victoria Wemyss (née Cavendish-Bentinck)
- 1939–?: Lady Helen Graham
- 1944–1988: Hon. Lettice Bowlby (née Annesley)
- 1947–?: Lady Mary Herbert
- 1947: Lady Jean Rankin
- 1947–?: Alexandra Pelham, Lady Worsley CBE
- 1948–1951: Pamela Hore-Ruthven (later Cooper), Viscountess Ruthven of Canberra[98]
- 1956–1960: The Dowager Lady Fermoy[97]
- 1959–1981: Lady Elizabeth Basset[99]
- 1960–?: Lady Katherine Seymour
Temporary Women of the Bedchamber
- 1963–1965: Lady Caroline Douglas-Home
Apothecaries
- 1954–?: Dr
Physicians
- 1936–?: George Frederick Still
- 1936–?: Sir John Weir
- 1936–?: Henry Letheby Tidy
- 1936–?: Daniel Thomas Davies
Surgeons
- 1936–?: Sir Lancelot Barrington-Ward
- 1936–1946: Arthur Porritt
Surgeon-Apothecary
- 1956–?: Richard May Esq.
Honorific positions
- Piper to the Queen Mother (1953–2002)
Household of Queen Elizabeth II
Household of the Duke of Edinburgh
The Household of the Duke of Edinburgh provided administrative support to
Treasurers
- 1952–1959:
- Acting, 1957–1960: David Alexander RM
- 1959–1970:
- 1970–1982:
- Acting, 1982–1984: Sir Richard Davies KCVO CBE
- 1984–1995: Sir Brian McGrath GCVO[105]
Private Secretaries
- 1947–1957:
- 1957–1970: James Orr CVO[106]
- May–November 1970: RAdm Sir Christopher Bonham-CarterGCVO CB
- 1970–1976:
- 1976–1982: Lord Rupert Nevill CVO DL
- Acting 1982–1984: Sir Richard DaviesKCVO CBE
- 1984–1992: Sir Brian McGrath GCVO[105]
- 1993–2010: Brigadier Sir Miles Hunt-Davis GCVO CBE[107]
- 2010–2021: Brigadier Archie Miller-Bakewell[108]
Household of the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall
The Household of the
In 2000, the Prince revived a tradition of having an official harpist, a role last seen under Queen Victoria. The first holder of the office was Catrin Finch, followed in 2004 by Jemima Phillips, and in 2007 by Claire Jones.
The Prince of Wales' Office was principally based at
Most of the expenses incurred in operating the office came from the Prince's private appanage, the Duchy of Cornwall. The only significant costs met by grant-in-aid provided by the Government was for the upkeep of Clarence House, and for official travel by air and rail, and for communications support.
Details of the Prince's Senior Staff were available in his office's annual reports.[111] The following titles all have "to/of The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall" suffixed when written in full. Prior to the Prince's 2005 marriage, they were instead suffixed "to/of The Prince of Wales".
Principal Private Secretaries
- 2005–12 September 2011: Sir Michael Peat KCVO[112]
- 12 September 2011 – 2015: William Nye LVO[112]
- 2015–2022 Sir Clive Alderton KCVO[113]
Private Secretaries
- 1970–1978: Sqn Ldr Sir David Checketts KCVO
- 1979–1985: Edward Adeane CVO
- Acting 1 April–September 1985 David Roycroft[114]
- September 1985–1990: Sir John Riddell Bt CVO FRSA[115]
- 1990–1991: Maj. Gen. Sir Christopher AiryKCVO CBE
- 1991–1996: Cdr Richard Aylard CVO RN[116]
- 1996–2002: Sir Stephen Lamport KCVO
- 2002–2005: Sir Michael Peat KCVO
- 2001–2008: Elizabeth Buchanan CVO[117]
- 2005–2011: MVO, Private Secretary for Wales (part-time)[37]
- 2009–: Mark Leishman, LVO(as "Senior Deputy Private Secretary" January – July 2009)
- 2009–2012: Clive Alderton, Private Secretary for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs[37]
Masters of the Household
- 2005–2006: Kevin Knott
- 2006–2008: Lt Col. Sir Malcolm Ross[118]
- 2008–2014: Wing Cdr Richard Pattle
- 2014–: Cdr The Earl of Rosslyn, CVO, QPM[119]
Deputy Masters of the Household
- 2006–2009: Andrew Farquharson
Treasurers
- –2005: Kevin Knott
- 2005–2012: Leslie Ferrar
- 2012–: Andrew Wright
Deputy Private Secretaries
- 1986–1988: Col. Humphrey Mews[120]
- 1988–1990: David Wright LVO[121]
- 1990–1993: Sir Peter Westmacott KCMG LVO
- 1993–1996: Stephen Lamport
- 1998–2002: Mark Bolland[122]
- 2002–2005: Elizabeth Buchanan LVO
- 2005: James Kidner MVO
- 2005–?: Mrs Manon Williams
- 2005–2008: Mark Leishman
- 2006–2008: Clive Alderton
- 2008–2013: Benet Northcote
- 2012–2014: Simon Martin
- 2014–2017: Jamie Bowden CMG OBE MVO
- 2017–: Scott Furssedonn-Wood
Assistant Private Secretaries
- 1994–1998: Mrs Manon Williams[123]
- 2000–2003: Nigel Baker[124]
- 2002–2005: Paul Kefford
- 2003–2005: James Kidner
- 2003–2005: Mark Leishman
- 2004–2005: Mrs Manon Williams[123]
- 2005–: Joy Camm & Amanda MacManus (each part-time)[125]
- 2005–2007: Katy Golding[125]
- 2006–: Jonathan Hellewell
- 2006–2008: Anita Kumar
- 2008–: Sophie Densham LVO
- 2008: Shilpa Sinha
- ?–2011: Sarah Kennedy-Good[37]
- 2011–2013: Joshua Puls MVO[126]
- 2013–2015: Craig Kowalik MVO[127]
- ?–*: Emily Cherrington[37]
- 2015–2017: Melissa Hayden-Clarke
- 2017–2019: Bernadette Smith
- 2019–2022: Jennifer Jordan-Saifi
- 2020–2022: Claire Saunders
Equerries
- 1970–1972: Lt the Hon. Nicholas Soames, 11th Hussars[128]
- c.1971: Lt David Wilson
- 1972–: Lt Gilbert Kerruish, RRW
- 1976–1978 Capt. T P G N Ward Welsh Guards
- c.1976–1977: Capt. Alun James Davies, RRW
- 1977–: Capt. Christopher Haslett Elliott, RRW
- c.1979: Capt. Anthony Asquith, RRW
- –1982: Maj. Quentin Winter, PARA
- 1982–1984: Maj. David Bromhead
- 1984–1986: Maj. Jack Stenhouse
- 1986–1987: Lt Col. Brian Anderson
- 1987–1989: Maj. Christopher Lavender
- 1989–1991: Cdr Alastair Watson
- 1991–1994: Lt Cdr Robert Fraser
- 1994–1996: Maj. Patrick Tabor
- 1996–1999: Lt Cdr John Lavery
- 1999–2002: Lt Cdr William Entwisle
- 2002–2004: Lt Cdr Alastair Graham
- 2003–2004: Maj. Rupert Lendrum (Senior Equerry)
- 2004–2006: Wing Cdr Richard Pattle, RAF
- 2006–2008: Sqn Ldr Jayne Casebury, RAF
- 2008–2011: Maj. Will Mackinlay The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards
- 2011–2013: Maj. Peter Flynn, Parachute Regiment[37]
- 2013–2015: Maj. David Bevan, Welsh Guards
- 2015–2018: Maj. Harry Pilcher, Queen's Dragoon Guards
- 2018–2020: Cdr. Iain Kearsley, Royal Navy
- 2020–2022: Lieutenant Colonel Jonathan Thompson, Royal Regiment of Scotland
Assistant Masters of the Household
- 2007–: The Honourable Virginia Carington, LVO
- as "Special Assistant" until 2007
- as "Assistant Master of the Household" since 2007
Communications Secretary
Household of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex
In 2013, it was announced that Prince Harry had appointed former Household Cavalry captain, Edward Lane Fox, as his private secretary effective July 2013.[129]
In March 2019, it was announced that the Duke and Duchess of Sussex would establish a new household for themselves, following the birth of their child in spring as well as the move of their official residence to Frogmore Cottage, with their office set to be located at Buckingham Palace.[130] Following the decision to step back from royal duties, it was announced in February 2020 that they would close their office at Buckingham Palace.[131]
List of Household staff
- Private Secretary to the Duke of Sussex
- 2013–2018: Edward Lane Fox[40]
- Private Secretary to the Duke and Duchess of Sussex
- Deputy Private Secretary to the Duke and Duchess of Sussex
- 2019–2020: Heather Wong[133]
- Assistant Private Secretary to the Duchess of Sussex
- 2018–2019: Amy Pickerill[132]
- Personal Assistant to the Duchess of Sussex
- 2018: Melissa Touabti[134]
- Communication Secretary to the Duke and Duchess of Sussex
- 2019–2020: Sara Latham[56]
- Assistant Communication Secretary to the Duke and Duchess of Sussex
- Projects Manager to the Duke and Duchess of Sussex
- 2018–2020: Clara Madden[137]
- Digital Communications Lead to the Duke and Duchess of Sussex
- 2019–2020: David Watkins[138]
Household of the Duke of York
This section of a poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous. )Find sources: "Royal Households of the United Kingdom" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2020) |
The Household of the Duke of York provided administrative support for the royal duties of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, along with his immediate family. From 1971, Prince Andrew (then aged 11 years), had the assistance of one of the Queen's equerries when required. The first was Sqn Ldr Peter Beer, who served until he was replaced by Maj. George Broke Royal Artillery in 1974, and Lt Cdr Robert Guy RN in 1977.
It was only with the appointment in 1980 of Sqn Ldr
The Duke of York was assisted by a private secretary, deputy private secretary, assistant private secretary and equerry. There were an office assistant, and a handful of personal staff including cook and butler. The Duke of York's office was based at Buckingham Palace, and the Duke has a residence at the Royal Lodge, Windsor, into which he moved during 2004, from Sunninghill Park, Ascot.
In December 2022, it was reported that as a non-working member of the royal family he would no longer have an office at Buckingham Palace.[139]
Private Secretaries to the Duke of York
- 1983–1987: Wg Cdr Adam Wise LVO MBE[70][71]
- 1987–1990: Lt Col. Sean O'Dwyer MVO DL Irish Guards (Retd.)
- 1990–2001: Capt. Neil Blair CVO RN[140]
- 2001–2003: Cdr Charlotte Manley LVO OBE RN[141]
- 2003–2012: Maj. Alastair Watson LVO[142]
- 2012–2020: Mrs Amanda Thirsk[143]
Assistant Private Secretaries to the Duke of York
- ?–present: James Upsher[144]
Equerry to the Duke of York
See also
- Finances of the British royal family
- Funeral directors to the Royal Household
- Monarchy of Canada § Federal residences and royal household
- Royal Household Long and Faithful Service Medal
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References
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Further reading
- ISBN 978-0-7222-2854-8. Archivedfrom the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
External links
- The Royal Household of HM The King, Official website of the British monarchy
- Prince of Wales Official Website