Oghuz Khagan
Oghuz Khan | |
---|---|
Zulqarnayn, with two horns, on a 100 manat banknote | |
Born | |
Known for | being an eponymous ancestor of Oghuz Turks |
Title | Khagan |
Predecessor | Qara Khan |
Successor | Division of Empire between his sons |
Children | Gun, Ay, Yildiz, Kok, Tagh, Tengiz |
Parents |
|
Oghuz Khagan or Oghuz Khan (
The name of Oghuz Khan has been associated with
Sources
Seljuks
The
Anushteginids
There are certain historical sources that state that the Anushteginids, who ruled vast parts of
The dynasty was founded by commander
Qara Qoyunlu
Aq Qoyunlu
The Aq Qoyunlu Sultans claimed descent from Bayindir Khan, through a grandson of Oghuz Khagan.[15]
Ottomans
Ottoman historian and ambassador to the Qara Qoyunlu, Şükrullah states that Ertuğrul's lineage goes to Gökalp, a son of Oghuz Khagan. The author states that the information was shown during a court of Jahan Shah, from a book written in Mongolian script.[16]
Yazıcıoğlu Ali, in early 15th century, traced
Ertugrul, from the tribe of Kayï, his son Osman Bey, and the beys on the frontier, held an assembly. When they had consulted each other and understood the custom of Oghuz (Khan), they appointed Osman khan.
Bayezid I advanced this claim against Timur, who denigrated the Ottoman lineage.[19]
According to Ottoman historian Neşri, Osman had a grandfather with a king's name and came from a lineage of the senior branch of Oghuz family:[20]
The experts in the knowledge of the foundation of the prophets and those who know the secrets of the meanings (human) works narrate that this great lineage (of the house of Osman) comes from Oghuz son of Kara Han, who was one of the children of Bulcas, son of
Ertugrul son of Suleyman Shahson of Kaya Alp son of Kızıl Buğa ... son of Bulcas son of Yafes son of Noah.
Cem Sultan, Bayezid II's brother, linked their genealogy to Oghuz Khagan that would prevail as a tool of legitimization of the sixteenth century onwards:[20]
Oghuz Khan, he has given the name, which means "saint", in his childhood because he was seen on the right path (i.e. God's). Because he recognized the Oneness of God, he fought with his father, and Oghuz's army killed the latter. This happened during Prophet Abraham's times.
Legend
According to a Turkic legend, Oghuz was born in
After Oghuz killed Kiyant, he became a people's hero. He formed a special warrior band from the forty sons of forty Turkic
After Oghuz became the
After his sons were born, Oghuz Khan gave a great
I have become your Khan;
Let's all take swords and shields;
Kut (divine power) will be our sign;
Gray wolf will be our uran (battle cry);
Our iron lances will be a forest;
Khulan will walk on the hunting ground;
More seas and more rivers;
Sun is our flag and sky is our tent.
Then, he sent letters to the Kings of the Four Directions, saying: "I am the Khan of the Turks. And I will be Khan of the Four Corners of the Earth. I want your obedience."
Altun Khan (Golden Khan), on the right corner of the earth, submitted his obedience, but Urum (Roman), Khan of the left corner, did not. Oghuz declared war on Urum Khan and marched his army to the west. One night, a large male wolf with grey fur (which is an avatar of Tengri) came to his tent in an aura of light. He said, "Oghuz, you want to march against Urum, I want to march before your army." So, the grey sky-wolf marched before the Turkic army and guided them. The two armies fought near the river İtil (Volga). Oghuz Khan won the battle. Then, Oghuz and his six sons carried out campaigns in Turkistan, India, Iran, Egypt, Iraq and Syria, with the grey wolf as their guide. He became the Khan of the Four Corners of the Earth.
In his old age, Oghuz saw a dream. He called his six sons and sent them to the east and the west. His elder sons found a golden bow in the east. His younger sons found three silver arrows in the west. Oghuz Khan broke the golden bow into three pieces and gave each to his three older sons Gün, Ay, and Yıldız. He said, "My older sons, take this bow and shoot your arrows to the sky like this bow." He gave the three silver arrows to his three younger sons Gök, Dağ and Deniz and said, "My younger sons, take these silver arrows. A bow shoots arrows and you are to be like the arrow." Then, he passed his lands on to his sons, Bozoks (Gray Arrows - elder sons) and Üçoks (Three Arrows - younger sons) at a final banquet. (Abū’l-Ghāzī identifies the lineage symbols, tamga seals and ongon spirit guiding birds, as well as specifying the political hierarchy and seating order at banquets for these sons and their 24 sons). Then he said:
My sons, I walked a lot;
I saw many battles;
I threw so many arrows and lances;
I rode many horses;
I made my enemies cry;
I made my friends smile;
I paid my debt to Tengri;
Now I am giving my land to you.
Historical precursor and legacy
According to
Swedish geographer and cartographer of the 17th-18th centuries Philip Johan von Strahlenberg, based on the Ancient Greek historian Diodorus Siculus and other historians, concludes that Oghuz Khan was the leader of the ancient Scythian peoples, under whose leadership they conquered vast territories in the Middle East, Southeast Europe and Egypt in ancient times. Stralenberg also notes that among the Central Asian peoples, Oghuz Khan enjoys the same fame as Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar among Europeans.[25]
In scientific literature, the name of
Oghuz Khan is sometimes considered the legendary founder of most Turkic people, and ancestor of the Oghuz subbranch. Even today, subbranches of Oghuz are classified in order of the legendary six sons and 24 grandsons of Oghuz Khan. In history, Turkmen dynasties often rebelled or claimed sovereignty by saying their rank was higher than the existing dynasty in this tribal classification.
Oghuz Khan appears on the 100 manat banknote.[27]
Oğuz and Oğuzhan are a common masculine Turkish and Turkic given names, which come from Oghuz Khan.
The International airport in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan is named after Oghuz Khan.[29]
Footnotes
- ^ Bonnefoy, Yves (1993). Asian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press. p. 337.
Oghuz Khan , the eponymous ancestor of the Oghuz from whom the Seljukids and the Ottomans descended , probably owes his reputation to the importance...
- ^ Bichurin N.Ya., "Compilation of reports on peoples inhabiting Central Asia in ancient times", vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, pp. 56–57
- ^ a b Taskin V.S., "Materials on history of Sünnu", transl., 1968, Vol. 1, p. 129
- ^ Concise Britannica Online Seljuq Dynasty Archived 2007-01-14 at the Wayback Machine article
- ^ Merriam-Webster Online – Definition of Seljuk Archived 15 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The History of the Seljuq Turks: From the Jami Al-Tawarikh (LINK)
- ^ Shaw, Stanford. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey (LINK)
- ^ Golden, Peter B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. p. 209
- ISBN 90-04-09249-8p. 9
- ^ Islam: An Illustrated History, p. 51
- ^ Andre Wink, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol.2, (Brill, 2002), 9.
- Muhammad Khwarazmshah was Nushtekin Gharcha, who was a descendant of the Begdili tribe of the Oghuz Turks."
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, "Khwarezm-Shah-Dynasty", (LINK)
- ^ Peter B. Golden, «An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples», pp. 367–368
- ^ Cornell H. Fleischer, (1986), Bureaucrat and intellectual in the Ottoman Empire, p. 287
- TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.
- ^ Colin Imber (2002). The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650. p. 95.
- ^ Halil İnalcık (1973). The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600. p. 56.
- ^ Douglas Streusand (2010). Islamic Gunpowder Empires: Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. p. 66.
- ^ a b Marinos Sariyannis (2018). A History of Ottoman Political Thought Up to the Early Nineteenth Century. p. 61.
- ^ Абу-л-Гази (Abulgazi). Родословная туркмен (Genealogy of Turkmens). Изд. АН СССР. (USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House). 1958
- ^ Jean Sylvain Bailly. Histoire De L'Astronomie Ancienne, Depuis Son Origine Jusqu'À L'Établissement De L'École D'Alexandrie - Debure (Paris), 1775
- ^ Рычков П.И. История Оренбургская. [1730-1750] / П.И. Рычков; под ред. и с примеч. Н.М. Гутьяра, Секретаря Комитета, изд. Оренб. Губ. Стат. Комитета. - Оренбург : Тип.-лит. Евфимовского-Мировицкого, 1896. - 95 с.
- ^ Туманович О.Туркменистан и туркмены. (O.Tumanovich. Turkmenistan and Turkmens). Туркменское государственное издательство, Ашхабад, Туркменистан. (Turkmen state publishing house. Ashgabat, Turkmenistan). 1926
- ^ Записки капитана Филиппа Иоганна Страленберга об истории и географии Российской империи Петра Великого. Северо-восточная часть Европы и Азии (Memoirs of Captain Philip Johan Stralenberg on the history and geography of the Russian Empire of Peter the Great. Northeastern part of Europe and Asia.). М.-Л. АН СССР. (Moscow-Leningrad. USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House).1985
- ^ Bichurin N.Ya. (1851). Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times. Vol. 1. pp. 56–57.
- ^ "Banknotes of 2020 series". Central Bank of Turkmenistan.
- ^ Abasov, Rafis (2005). Historical Dictionary of Turkmenistan. Oxford, UK: The Scarecrow Press. p. 199.
- ^ "The President of Turkmenistan took part in the opening of new Ashgabat International Airport". Turkmenistan. The Golden Age. 17 September 2016. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
See also
References
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (August 2012) |
- Abū’l Ghāzī. 1958. Rodoslovnaia Turkmen. Andrei N. Kononov, ed. Moscow: Nauka.
- İlker Evrim Binbaş, Encyclopædia Iranica, "Oguz Khan Narratives" Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica, accessed 7 July 2012.
- Golden, Peter B. 1992. An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples. Ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
- Light, Nathan. Genealogy, history, nation
- Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity. Volume 39, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 33 – 53.
- Pelliot, Paul. 1930. Sur la légende d'Uγuz-khan en écriture ouigoure. T'oung Pao. Second Series. 27: 4–5. pp. 247–358.
- Rašīd ad-Dīn. Die Geschichte der Oġuzen des Rašīd ad-Dīn. Karl Jahn, trans. Vienna: 1969
- Shcherbak, Aleksandr Mikhaǐlovich. Oguz-name. Muhabbatname. Moscow, 1959.
- Woods, John E. 1976. The Aqquyunlu Clan, Confederation, Empire: a study in 15th/16th Century Turco-Iranian Politics. Minneapolis: Bibliotheca Islamica.