Ogma

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For the Forgotten Realms character, see
Oghma (Forgotten Realms). For the star, see HD 149026. For the company, see OGMA
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Ogma (Gaelic)
Magh Tuiredh
Personal information
ParentsElatha and Ethniu (or Etain)
SiblingsDagda, Fiacha, Delbáeth, Allód, Bres
ChildrenDelbáeth, Tuireann

Ogma

Irish Gaelic was first written.[1]

Name and Epithets

Etymology

The name Ogma is believed to originate from the

Proto-Indo-European root *ak- or *ag- meaning "to cut," which refers to the method in which ogham was incised into stone and wood.[2]

Epithets

Ogma is given three epithets in Irish Gaelic tradition: Grianainech “sun-faced” or “shining, radiant countenance” on p. 303 of the Táin Bó Cúailnge (The Cattle Raid of Cooley) and p.187 of Lebor Gabála Érenn (Book of Invasions); Trenfher “Strongman” or “Champion” in sections 59 and 162 of the Do Cath Mag Tuired (Second Battle of Moytura); and Griain-éigis “Shining sage or learned man” in section 12 of Foras Feasa ar Éirinn (History of Ireland).

Many scholars have credited The Dagda's son Cermait's epithet Milbel, or "honey-mouthed" or "eloquence" with Ogma, but this confusion seems to be an incorrect comparison by MacKillop [1].

Mythology

He fights in the first battle of

Nuadu restored, Ogma is his champion. His position is threatened by the arrival of Lugh at the court, so Ogma challenges him by lifting a great flagstone, which normally required eighty oxen to move it, and hurling it out of Tara, but Lugh answers the challenge by hurling it back. When Nuadu hands command of the Battle of Mag Tuired to Lugh, Ogma becomes Lugh's champion and promises to repel the Fomorian king, Indech, and his bodyguard, and to defeat a third of the enemy. During the battle he finds Orna, the sword of the Fomorian king Tethra, which recounts the deeds done with it when unsheathed. During the battle Ogma and Indech fall in single combat, although there is some confusion in the texts as in Cath Maige Tuired Ogma, Lugh and the Dagda pursue the Fomorians after the battle to recover the harp of Uaitne, the Dagda's harper.[4]
Which substantiates the reason that the Dagda gives Síd Aircheltrai to Ogma in De Gabáil in tSída (Taking of the Sidhe Mound) and is also referred to be in residence in Brecc on page 303 in the Táin Bó Cúailnge.

He often appears as a triad with

Delbaeth[9] and Tuireann.[10]

Invention of Ogham

In the Ogam Tract Ogma is said to be a man skilled in speech and poetry who invented the Ogham as proof of his ingenuity and to create a speech that belongs to learned men apart from rustics. In the same tract Ogma is called the father of the Ogham alphabet, and his knife or hand its mother.[11][2] The same tract says that sound was the father of Ogham and matter its mother.

Related figures

Scholars of

Herakles. J. A. MacCulloch compares Ogma's epithet grianainech (sun-face) with Lucian's description of the "smiling face" of Ogmios, and suggests Ogma's position as champion of the Tuatha Dé Danann may derive "from the primitive custom of rousing the warriors' emotions by eloquent speeches before a battle",[12] although this is hardly supported by the texts.[citation needed] Scholars such Rudolf Thurneysen and Anton van Hamel dispute any link between Ogma and Ogmios.[11] Eufydd fab Dôn is another figure from Welsh mythology whose name is believed to derive from that of Ogmios and therefore may be related to Ogma.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Jones, Mary. "The Ogham Tract". Celtic Literature Collective. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  2. ^ a b c Jones, Mary. "Oghma Grianainech". Jones's Celtic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  3. ^ J. Fraser (ed. & trans.), "The First Battle of Moytura" Archived 2009-05-04 at the Wayback Machine, Ériu 8, pp. 1-63, 1915
  4. Revue Celtique 12, pp. 52-130, 306-308, 1891; Vernam Hull (ed. & trans), "Cairpre mac Edaine's Satire Upon Bres mac Eladain"
    Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie 18, 1930
  5. ^ Stokes 1891, pp. 81, 83, 109; A. H. Leahy (ed. & trans), "The Wooing of Étain" §18, Heroic Romances of Ireland Volume II, 1902
  6. ^ Fraser 1915, §49; Stokes 1891, p. 77
  7. ^ Stokes 1891, p. 69
  8. ^ The Second Battle of Moytura Section 36
  9. ^ Macalister 1941, §64
  10. ^ Tom Peete Cross & Clark Harris Slover (eds.), "The Fate of the Children of Turenn" Archived 2014-01-08 at the Wayback Machine, Ancient Irish Tales, Henry Holt & Co, 1936, p. 49
  11. ^ a b James MacKillop, Dictionary of Celtic Mythology, Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 310
  12. ISBN 0-486-42765-X
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