Ohrid
41°07′01″N 20°48′06″E / 41.11694°N 20.80167°E
Ohrid
Охрид (Macedonian) | |
---|---|
Saint Naum | |
Website | https://ohrid.com.mk/ |
Europe and North America | |
Extensions | 1980, 2019 |
Ohrid (
Name
In antiquity the city was known under the ancient
The evolution of the ancient toponym Lychnidus into Oh(ë)r(id) required a long-standing period of Tosk Albanian–Eastern South Slavic bilingualism, or at least contact, resulting from the Tosk Albanian rhotacism -n- into -r- and Eastern South Slavic l-vocalization ly- into o-.[12][13][14]
It became capital of the First Bulgarian Empire in the early medieval period, and was often referred to by Byzantine writers as Achrida (Ἄχριδα, Ὄχριδα, or Ἄχρις).[15][7] By 879 AD, the town was no longer called Lychnidos but was referred to as Ohrid.[16][17][18]
In Macedonian and the other South Slavic languages, the name of the city is Ohrid (Охрид). In Albanian, the city is known as Ohër or Ohri and in modern Greek Ochrida (Οχρίδα, Ωχρίδα) and Achrida (Αχρίδα).[citation needed] The name of the city in Aromanian is Ohãrda.[19]
History
Illyrians (Enchele, Dassaretii) –3rd century BC
Kingdom of Macedonia210 BC-208 BC
Kingdom of Dardania 208 BC-170 BC
Kingdom of Macedonia170 BC-148 BC
Roman Republic 148 BC - 27 BC
Roman Empire 27 BC – 395
Byzantine Empire 395–842
First Bulgarian Empire 842–1018
Byzantine Empire 1018–1083
Bohemond I1083–1085
Byzantine Empire 1085–1203
Second Bulgarian Empire 1203–1208
Strez 1208–1214
Epirus and Thessalonica 1214–1230
Second Bulgarian Empire 1230–1263
Byzantine Empire ~1250–1334
Serbian Empire 1334 - ~1336
Gropa family ~1336 – ???
Lordship of Prilep ??? – ~1373
Gropa family ~1373–1395
Ottoman Empire 1395–1464
League of Lezhë 1464-1466
Ottoman Empire 1466–1912
Kingdom of Serbia 1912–1915
Kingdom of Bulgaria 1915–1918
Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918–1941
Kingdom of Bulgaria 1941–1944
SFR Yugoslavia1944–1991
Macedonia/North Macedonia1991–present
Antiquity
The earliest inhabitants of the widest Lake Ohrid region were the
According to recent excavations, this was a town as early as of the era of king
During the Roman conquests, towards the end of 3rd and the beginning of 2nd century BC, Lychnidus is mentioned as a town near or within Dassaretia. In Roman times, it was located along the
Middle Ages
The South Slavs began to arrive in the area during the 6th century AD. By the early 7th century, it was colonized by a Slavic tribe known as the Berziti. Bulgaria conquered the city around 840.[27]
The name Ohrid first appeared in 879. The Ohrid Literary School, established in 886 by Clement of Ohrid, became one of the two major cultural centres of the First Bulgarian Empire. Between 990 and 1015, Ohrid was the capital and stronghold of the Bulgarian Empire.[28]
From 990 to 1018, Ohrid was also the seat of the
The higher clergy after 1018 was almost invariably Greek, including during the period of
As an episcopal city, Ohrid was a cultural center of great importance for the Balkans. Almost all surviving churches were built by the Byzantines and by the Bulgarians, with the rest dating back to the short time of Serbian rule during the late Middle Ages.[30]
In 1334, the city was captured by
In the early 1370s, Marko lost Ohrid to Pal II Gropa, another member of the Gropa family, and unsuccessfully tried to recapture it in 1375 with Ottoman assistance.[36]
In 1395, the Ottomans under
From 14–15 September 1464, 12,000 Albanian troops of the League of Lezhë and 1,000 of the Republic of Venice defeated a 14,000-man Ottoman force near the city in the Battle of Ohrid. When Mehmed II returned from Albania after his actions against Skanderbeg in 1466, he dethroned Dorotheos, the Archbishop of Ohrid, and expatriated him—together with his clerks and boyars and considerable number of citizens of Ohrid—to Istanbul, probably because of their anti-Ottoman activities during Skanderbeg's rebellion amid which many citizens of Ohrid, including Dorotheos and his clergy, supported Skanderbeg and his fight.[38][39][40]
Ottoman period
During the 16th century, Ohrid was located in the Sanjak of Ohrid. In the years 1529-1536, Sanjak of Ohrid had 33,271 households (32,648 Christians and 623 Muslims), with 1331 widows and 3392 unmarried singles. There were 859 settlements and 10 cities, with an average of 28.7 houses per settlement. Ohrid itself had 337 Christian families, 44 unmarried singles, 12 widows and 93 Muslim families. In 1583, the Sanjak of Ohrid was made up of several Kazas, including the Kaza of Ohrid, which were in turn made of Nahiyes; the Ottoman Defter recorded, within the Nahiya of Ohrid, 2,920 Christian homes, 627 unmarried singles and 465 Muslim families within a total of 107 settlements.[41] In 1889, according to a French research, the city had 2.500-3.000 houses and approximately 12.000 individuals, of which 2/3 were
Towards the end of the 18th century and in the early part of the 19th century, Ohrid region, like other parts of European Turkey, was a hotbed of unrest. In the 19th century the region of Ohrid became part of the
After the Christian population of the bishopric of Ohrid voted on a plebiscite in 1874 overwhelmingly in favour of joining the Bulgarian Exarchate (97%), the Exarchate became in control of the area.[44] In 1889, Gustav Weigand discovered in Ohrid the important Codex Dimonie, a collection of Aromanian-language religious texts.[45] In statistics gathered by Vasil Kanchov in 1900, the city of Ohrid was inhabited by 8000 Bulgarians, 5000 Turks, 500 Muslim Albanians, 300 Christian Albanians, 460 Vlachs and 600 Romani.[46] The Bulgarian researcher Vasil Kanchov wrote in 1900 that many Albanians declared themselves as Turks. Ohrid, the population that declared itself Turkish "was of Albanian blood", but it "had been Turkified after the Ottoman invasion, including Skanderbeg", referring to Islamization.[47]
The majority of the Christian inhabitants of the city were under the supremacy of the Bulgarian Exarchate. According to " La Macédoine et sa Population Chrétienne ", statistics of the secretary of the exarchate Dimitar Mishev on the Christian population in Macedonia, in 1905 the Christian population of Ohrid consisted of 7,768 Exarchist Bulgarians, 168 Greek Patriarchal Bulgarians, 56 Serboman Patriarchal Bulgarians, 660 Vlachs and 6 Albanians. In the city there is 1 secondary and 5 primary Bulgarian schools and 1 primary Greek, Serbian and Wallachian school each.[48]
Modern Albanian study claims that in 1903 the Cartographic Society of Sofia registered incorrectly 8,893 households of Albanian or Vlach ethnicity in the
Modern
Before 1912, Ohrid was a township center bounded to
Bulgarian ethnographer Jordan Ivanov, professor at the University of Sofia, wrote in 1915 that Albanians, since they did not have their own alphabet, lacked a consolidated national consciousness and were being influenced by foreign propaganda, declared themselves as Turks, Greeks and Bulgarians, depending on which religion they belonged to. Albanians in Ohrid were losing their mother tongue.[47]
During
On 20 November 1993, Avioimpex Flight 110 crashed near Ohrid, killing all 116 people on board. It is the deadliest aviation disaster to occur in North Macedonia.[51]
Geography and climate
Ohrid is located in the south-western part of North Macedonia, on the shore of
Ohrid has a
Climate data for Ohrid | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) |
7.6 (45.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
15.1 (59.2) |
20.4 (68.7) |
24.8 (76.6) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.7 (81.9) |
23.6 (74.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
7.2 (45.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
1.2 (34.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
12.0 (53.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.1 (37.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
6.2 (43.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 53.7 (2.11) |
60.2 (2.37) |
55.9 (2.20) |
55.9 (2.20) |
56.7 (2.23) |
33.5 (1.32) |
30 (1.2) |
30.6 (1.20) |
47.9 (1.89) |
76.1 (3.00) |
90.5 (3.56) |
71.3 (2.81) |
662.3 (26.09) |
Average precipitation days | 11 | 12 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 121 |
Source: World Meteorological Organisation (UN)[52]
|
Demographics
At the 2021 census, Ohrid had 38,818 residents with the following ethnic makeup:[53]
- Macedonians, 28,920 (74.5%)
- Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources, 3,421 (8.8%)
- others, 2,728 (7.0%)
- Albanians, 1,924 (5.0%)
- Turks, 1,825 (4.7%)
As of the 2002 census, the city of Ohrid has 42,033 inhabitants and the ethnic composition was the following:[54]
- Macedonians, 33,791 (80.4%)
- Albanians, 2,959 (7.0%)
- Turks, 2,256 (5.4%)
- others, 3,027 (7.2%)
The mother tongues of the city's residents include the following:
- Macedonian, 34,910 (83.1%)
- Albanian, 3,957 (9.4%)
- Turkish, 2,226 (5.3%)
- others, 1,017 (2.4%)
The religious composition of the city was the following:
- Orthodox Christians, 33,987 (80.9%)
- Muslims, 7,599 (18.1%)
- others, 447 (1.1%)
The oldest inhabitants of Ohrid are a few families that reside in the Varoš neighbourhood.
The earliest presence of the Aromanian population in Ohrid dates to 1778 arriving from
All Turks from the village of Peštani after selling properties and land moved to Ohrid by 1920 and today those few families are known as Peştanlı.[55] In 1949, additional families from Aegean Macedonia settled in Ohrid.[33]
In Yugoslav censuses, Albanophone Ohrid Romani mainly declared as Albanians.
Cultural Heritage sites
Ohrid Municipality is home to over 100 sites declared as Cultural Heritage by the Ministry of Culture, of which most lie within the city of Ohrid.[58]
- Archaeological sites
- Ancient Theatre of Ohrid from Hellenistic and Roman time
- Vidobišta Roman-era tombs
- Kozluk, Roman-era settlement
- Mančevci site with early Christian basilica
- Hermeleja, Roman-era settlement
- Saint Erasmus
- Karagjulevci tombs from Ancient Macedonian era
- Samuel's Fortress and remaining portions of the city walls
- Plaošnik
- Studenčišta basilica
- Saint 40 Holy Martyrs early Christian basilica
- Christian sites
There is a legend supported by observations by the 17th century Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi that there were 365 chapels within the town boundaries, one for every day of the year. Today this number is significantly smaller.
- Grave of Grigor Prličev
- Church of Saints Clement and Panteleimon
- Church of the Holy Mother of God Čelnica
- Little Church of Saint Vrači (Saints Kuzman and Damjan)
- Church of Saint Demetrius
- Church of the Holy Mother of God - Bolnička
- Church of Saint Nicholas - Bolnički
- Church of the Holy Mother of God - Perivleptos
- Little Church of Saint Clement
- Church of Saint John the Baptist - Kaneo
- Church of Saint Sophia
- Church of Saints Constantine and Elena
- Church of the Holy Mother of God Kamensko
- Church of Saint Nicholas - Gerakomija
- Church of Saint Nicholas - Arbanaški
- Church of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker
- Church of Saint Vrači (Saints Kuzman and Damjan), with frescos from the 14th century. A 14th-century icon from the church is depicted on the obverse of the 1000 denars banknote, issued in 1996 and 2003.[59]
- Church of Saint George
- Church of Saint Nicholas
Besides being a holy center of the region, it is also the source of knowledge and pan-Slavic literacy.
- Islamic sites
- Voska Hamam
- Eski Hamam
- Zejnel Abedin Pasha Tekke[60][61]
- Sinan Çelebi Türbe[61][62]
- Ali Pasha Mosque[60][61]
- Hajdar Pasha Mosque[60][63]
- Hadži Durgut Mosque[60][63]
- Hadži Hamza Mosque[60]
- National Liberation War sites
- Memorial mound on Slavej Planina
- Common grave of fallen National Liberation War soldiers
- Memorial plaque of fallen professors and students of the Ohrid Gymnasium in the National Liberation War
- Old town architecture
Dozens of individual homes and commercial buildings in Ohrid are listed as Cultural Heritage sites. Some of these, such as the Robevi family house and the Prličev family home, the Uzunov family home, function as museums today. Also included are the Saint Clement of Ohrid Gymnasium, the Ohrid Clock Tower,[62] and the Icon Gallery.
Transportation
There is a nearby international airport,
Until 1966, Ohrid was linked to Skopje by the Ohrid line, a 167 kilometres (104 mi) long 600 mm narrow-gauge railway.
Sports
GFK Ohrid Lihnidos is a football team playing at the SRC Biljanini Izvori stadium in the city. As of the 2021–22 season they play in the second tier of the Macedonian Football League system.
FK Voska Sport is also a football team in Ohrid that competes in the Macedonian First League as of the 2023-24 season.
RK Ohrid is a handball team playing at Biljanini Izvori Sports Hall arena, with a capacity of 3,500. As of the 2016–17 season they play in the Macedonian Handball Super League, which is the top tier.
The Ohrid Swimming Marathon is an international open water swimming competition, always taking place in the waters of Lake Ohrid. The swimmers are supposed to swim 30 km (19 mi) from the monastery of Saint Naum to the Ohrid harbor.
Recurring events
- Ohrid Summer Festival, annual theater and music festival from July to August
- Ohrid Choir Festival, annual international choir festival at the end of August
- The Balkan Festival of Folk Songs and Dances, annual folklore music and dance festival at the beginning of July
- Balkan music square festival, music festival in August in which ethnic musicians from the whole Balkan peninsular participate
- Ohrid Fest (Охридски Трубадури), music festival in August in which musicians from the whole Balkan peninsular participate. This festival is held for four days which are divided into
- Debutant Night,
- Folk Night,
- Pop Night and
- International Night.
- World Prized of Humanism in the Ohrid Academy of Humanism, created by Jordan Plevnes
- Ohrid art and scientific meetings (Охридска научна и уметничка визита), held in House of Uranija-MANU, Ohrid by Macedonian academy of science and arts
Twin towns – sister cities
- Budva, Montenegro
- Caen, France
- Givatayim, Israel
- Inđija, Serbia
- Kragujevac, Serbia
- Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Pogradec, Albania
- Piran, Slovenia
- Safranbolu, Turkey
- Stari Grad (Sarajevo), Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Vidovec, Croatia
- Vinkovci, Croatia
- Windsor, Canada
- Wollongong, Australia
- Yalova, Turkey
See also
- Archbishopric of Ohrid
- List of archbishops of the Archbishopric of Ohrid
- List of people from Ohrid
- Ohrid Agreement
- Macedonian Orthodox Church – Ohrid Archbishopric
- Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric
References
- ^ Press online Archived 11 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine Gradovi u jesen (in Serbian)
- ^ ISBN 978-9989-730-38-2, page 72: "... and Macedonia in the Cathedral Church St. Sofia in the Macedonian Jerusalem — Ohrid..."
- ^ Dnevnik newspaper - Interview with the ambassador of Israel to Macedonia Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Macedonian)
- ^ "Total resident population of the Republic of North Macedonia by ethnic affiliation, by settlement, Census 2021".
- ISBN 978-1-86064-624-9.
- ^ Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region
- ^ a b Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Lychnidus". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
- ^ Lychnĭdus, Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), on Perseus
- ^ λυχνίς, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
- ^ λύχνος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
- ^ Polybius. The Histories. Vol. 34.12.
- ^ Friedman, Victor A. (2003). "Vendi i gegnishtes në gjuhën shqipe dhe në Ballkan" [The position of Gheg in Albanian and in the Balkans]. Phoenix (in Gheg Albanian). 7 (1–6). Shkodër: 40–56. (pp. 44–45).
- ^ Curtis, Matthew Cowan (2012). Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence (Thesis). The Ohio State University. p. 45.
- ISBN 9789994381715.
- Cedrenus, Synopsis historion, vol. ii. p. 468, ed. Bonn; John VI Kantakouzenos, History, 2.21.
- ISBN 9780931922626.
Another sliver of evidence may be relevant: Gabriel of Ohrid, who attended the Council of 879 in Constantinople (more later) signed with the Slavic name of his see, not the ancient name wich was Lychnida.
- ^ Evans, Thammy, Macedonia, Bradt Travel Guides, 2012, p.173
- ^ "Ohrid Vacation, Travel, Tourism, Visit Ohrid - Official Web Site of the Municipality of Ohrid". www.ohrid.com.mk. Archived from the original on 26 June 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
- ^ Grailu Armãnescu. Nr. 1 (43). p. 15. (in Aromanian)
- ISBN 3-11-009525-4, p. 537
- ^ ISBN 9004122702.
Lychnidus (Λυχνιδός, Λυχνίς, Lychnidós, Lychnís), Capital city of the Illyrian Dassaretae (→ Dassaretia) on the → via Egnatia (Str. 7,7,4; It. Ant. 318), modern Ohrid in Macedonia on Lake Ohrid.
- ^ ISBN 9788880868651.
La via proseguiva verso Ohrid, la città sul sito del-l'antica Lychnidòs, antica capitale della tribù illirica dei Dassareti.
- ^ Wilkes 1992, pp. 98–99.
- ^ Greek Anthology Book 7, § 7.697
- ^ a b "Culture — Republic of Macedonia". culture.in.mk. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
- ^ Wilkes 1992, p. 170.
- ^ Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia,
Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Scarecrow Press, 2009; ISBN 0810862956, pg. xx.
- ISBN 978-0-939516-37-7, pg. 82: "... He sent word to Samuel, the ruler in the Bulgarian capital of Ohrid, that he was returning 15,000 of his prisoners of war. ..."
- ^ Paul Robert Magocsi, Historical Atlas of Central Europe, (University of Washington Press, 2002), pg. 10.
- ^ Ohrid, worldheritagesite.org. Accessed 3 September 2022.
- ^ Lala, Etleva; Gerhard Jaritz (2008). "Regnum Albaniae and the Papal Curia" (PDF). Central European University. p. 59. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
- Kolonja) and those from the vicinity of Ohrid.” This meeting was estimated to have taken place at around February 1328
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Włodzimierz, Pianka (1970). Toponomastikata na Ohridsko-Prespanskiot bazen. Institut za makedonski jazik "Krste Misirkov". pp. 104–105. "Најстари староседелци во градот се неколкуте старински родови во Варош. Другите Македонци се доселени од селата покрај Охридското Езеро, од Коселска Долина, Струшко Поле, Дримкол, Дерарца, Малесија, Кичевско и други краишта од Западна Македонија. По 1949 год. се доселени и повеќе семејства од Егејска Македонија. Турците се населени овде во год. 1451-81. Има и доста турцизирани Албанци (од Елбасанско, Драч, Улцињ). Албанците инаку се дојдени во градот од околните села на југ и запад од Охридското Езеро. Има и православни Албанци дојдени од Поградец, Лин, Черава и Пискупија во II пол. на XIX век. Власите се доселувале најпрво од Москополе (од 1778 год.), Каваја (крајот на XVIII век), Мизакија, Елбасан и Ланга во Мокра (сред. на XIX век), од Г. Белица и Маловишта (Битолско) кон крајот на минатиот век. Доста голем дел од нив се иселиле во Трст, Одеса и Букурешт. Циганите се доселени од Поградечко, зборуваат албански (тоскиски).... Циганите веројатно се определиле како Шиптари или Турци."
- ISBN 978-1-57958-282-1. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-88402-137-7. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-7734-1956-8. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
- ^ Dervishi, Nebi (2005). Etnokultura e Fushëgropës së Ohrit. Tetovo: Çabej. p. 86. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- OCLC 276645834, retrieved 26 December 2011,
deportation of the Archbishop of Ohrid, Dorotei, to Istanbul in 1466, to-gether with other clerks and bolyars who probably were expatriated be-cause of their anti Ottoman acts during the Skender-Bey's rebellion.
- OCLC 1586392,
После борби које је водио султан Мехмед против Скендербега 1466 године. Пошто је победио Скендербега, султан је, у повратку, преселио известан број грађана и свргнуо охридског архиепископа Доротеја. Очигледно је, да су бар извесни Охриђани покушали да се ослободе Турака и да су и да су помагали борбу Скендербега. Исто тако је јасно да је ову акцију помагао и охридски архиепископ Доротеј.
- ^ Institut za balkanistika (1984). Balkan studies. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. p. 71. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
Mehmed II moved considerable number of prominent Ohrid families. The cause for that was the worsening of the relations between Ottoman authorities and Ohrid archbishopic... were in favor of helping the struggle of Albanian people
- ^ Dervishi, Nebi (2005). Etnokultura e Fushëgropës së Ohrit. Tetovo: Çabej. pp. 113–114. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ^ G. A. Mano, Résumé géographique de la Grèce et de la Turquie d’Europe, «Collection des Résumés géographiques», Paris 1826, t. 5, p. 545.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-03911-320-0. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
- ^ Църква и църковен живот в Македония, Петър Петров, Христо Темелски, Македонски Научен Институт, София, 2003 г.
- ^ Saramandu, Nicolae; Nevaci, Manuela (2017). "The first Aromanian literature: the teaching writings (Theodor Cavallioti, Daniil Moscopolean, Constantin Ucuta)" (PDF). Studia Albanica. 54 (1): 11–27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 November 2023.
- ^ Vasil Kanchov (1900). Macedonia: Ethnography and Statistics. Sofia. p. 252.
- ^ a b Salajdin SALIHI. "DISA SHËNIME PËR SHQIPTARËT ORTODOKSË TË REKËS SË EPËRME". FILOLOGJIA - International Journal of Human Sciences 19:85-90.
- ^ D.M.Brancoff (1905). La Macédoine et sa Population Chrétienne. Paris. pp. 118-119.
- ^ Dervishi, Nebi (2005). Etnokultura e Fushëgropës së Ohrit. Tetovo: Çabej. pp. 173–174. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
- ISBN 9780191580116.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Yakovlev Yak-42D RA-42390 Ohrid Airport (OHD)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Ohrid, Macedonia". United Nations. 31 July 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
- ^ Total resident population of the Republic of North Macedonia by ethnic affiliation, by settlement, Census 2021
- ^ Macedonian census, language and religion
- ^ Wrocławski, Krzysztof (1979). Македонскиот народен раскажувач Димо Стенкоски. Институт за фолклор. p. 74. "Денеска во Охридско живеат неколку турски семејства познати како Пештанлии. Тие се, имено, преселници од селото. По 1920 год. нема во Пештани „Турци" староседелци. Напуштајќи го селото, муслиманите ги продале куќите и полињата."
- ^ ISBN 9781349646739.
- ISBN 9780226779720.
- ^ "СПИСОК НА ЗАШТИТЕНИ ДОБРА" (DOC) (in Macedonian). Ministry of Culture. 2012. pp. 20–21.
- ^ National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonian currency. Banknotes in circulation: 1000 Denars[dead link] (1996 issue) & 1000 Denars Archived 29 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine (2003 issue). – Retrieved on 30 March 2009.
- ^ a b c d e Yilmaz, Edip (2008). "OHRİ'DEKİ (MAKEDONYA) OSMANLI DÖNEMİ CAMİLERİ". www.dergipark.org.tr. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ a b c "Ottoman Monuments" (PDF). www.haemus.org.mk. Macedonian Cultural Heritage. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ a b "Ottoman Monuments" (PDF). www.macedonia-timeless.com. Agency for Promotion and Support of Tourism of the Republic of Macedonia. 2008. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ a b "Nordmazedonien: Sehenswürdigkeiten". www.goruma.de. Goruma. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ "ПРИЈАТЕЛСКИ И ЗБРАТИМЕНИ ГРАДОВИ - Ohrid.gov.mk" (in Macedonian). Retrieved 4 September 2021.
Sources
- Wilkes, John (1992). The Illyrians. Wiley. ISBN 9780631146711.
External links
- Media related to Ohrid at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- Visit Ohrid – A site to book rooms in Ohrid
- Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. .