Old Town, Chicago
Old Town Triangle Historic District | |
Chicago Landmark | |
Location | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
---|---|
Coordinates | 41°54′40″N 87°38′22″W / 41.9111°N 87.6395°W |
Built | 1872 |
Architectural style | Italianate, Queen Anne |
NRHP reference No. | 84000347[1] |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | November 8, 1984 |
Designated CL | September 28, 1977 |
Old Town is a
Location and name
In the 19th century, German and Luxembourgish[8] immigrants moved to the meadows north of North Avenue and began farming what had previously been swampland, planting celery, potatoes, and cabbages. This led the area to be nicknamed "The Cabbage Patch",[9][10] a name which stuck until the early 1900s.[9]
During World War II, the triangle formed by North Avenue, Clark Street, and Ogden Avenue (since removed) were designated a 'neighborhood defense unit' by Chicago's Civil Defense Agency.[11] In the years immediately after the war, the population of "North Town" (as it had come to be known by the 1940s) sponsored annual art fairs called the "Old Town Holiday". The art fairs were popular attractions for the neighborhood,[12] and the name "Old Town" was used in the title of the Old Town Triangle Association when it was formed in 1948, by residents who wanted to improve the condition of buildings that were suffering from physical deterioration.[10][13]
In the 1950s, much of Old Town was an enclave for many of the first Puerto Ricans to come to Chicago. They referred to the area as part of "La Clark".[citation needed]
No legal entity is known as "Old Town", but claims have been made as to the nature of its legally-unspecified borders:
It is important to stress that there is no such legal entity as Old Town. Old Town is where you make it.
— Richard Atcheson, Holiday Magazine, March 1967[14]
This neighborhood is supposed to be as much a sound as a place, and it's from the bells of St. Michael's Church. The story goes you only really live in Old Town if you can hear them.
— Alan G. Artner, Chicago Tribune, March 29, 2008[4]
... it was said that all who lived within hearing distance of the church's bells were Old Towners.
— Donna Gill, Chicago Tribune, December 4, 1967[5]
History
19th century
The land known as Old Town originally served as a home and trade center to many Native American nations, including the
Following the
Old Town is the site of many of Chicago's older, Victorian-era buildings, as well as St. Michael's Church, originally a Bavarian-built church and one of seven to survive within the boundaries of the Great Chicago Fire.[17]
Many of the streets and alleys, particularly in the Old Town Triangle section, predate the Great Chicago Fire and do not all adhere to a
20th century
Old Town has one
In 1924, the first gay rights organization in American history, the
In 1927, sculptors Sol Kogen and Edgar Miller purchased and subsequently rehabilitated a house on Burton Place, near
In 1955, upon the first election of Mayor Daley, 43rd ward alderman Paddy Bauler, who kept a saloon in Old Town at North and Sedgwick Avenues called De Luxe Gardens,[20][21][22][23][24] famously declared "Chicago ain't ready for reform yet" many times over in his bar while dancing a jig.[25]
During the 1960s, the neighborhood was the center of the
There is a little piece of Chicago Real Estate, west of Lincoln Park, that is the pride of urban conservationists and the despair of bulldozers. It is a community widely known as Old Town ... Old Town is full of conflict, full of life; a sometimes maddening but always exciting place to live.
— Richard Atcheson, Holiday Magazine, March 1967[14]
The violent events that took place during the 1968 Democratic National Convention transpired primarily in Grant Park, Old Town, and Lincoln Park, adjacent to Old Town.[26]
I pointed out that it was in the best interests of the City to have us in Lincoln Park ten miles away from the Convention hall. I said we had no intention of marching on the Convention hall, that I didn't particularly think that politics in America could be changed by marches and rallies, that what we were presenting was an alternative life style, and we hoped that people of Chicago would come up, and mingle in Lincoln Park and see what we were about.
—Chicago 7 trial[27]
The film The Weather Underground has a scene on La Salle Avenue in Old Town, which describes the Zeitgeist of the era.
Old Town was home to many gays and lesbians from the 1960s through the 1980s. There were numerous gay bars lining Wells Street (all of them closed as of 2013). This was the first "gay ghetto" in Chicago, predating the current Lake View neighborhood (which is the current epicenter of gay life); As the area gentrified, gay residents moved further north to Lincoln Park and then Lake View neighborhoods.
During the 1960s and 1970s, Old Town became the center of Chicago
A few of the institutions from the 1960s era still exist today, such as Crate & Barrel, The Second City, the Old Town Ale House, Bijou Video, the Old Town School of Folk Music (which moved after the 1968 riots), the Fudge Pot, the Up Down Tobacco Shop (which used to be located just south of its current location), and the Old Town Aquarium (which moved in 2019 to Irving Park, while keeping its name).
After the
By 1976, Wells Street in Old Town had many sex-industry businesses operating,[32] so many that Wells street was specifically named in Time Magazine's 1976 article "The Porno Plague".[33] It was thought that some of the businesses had mob connections.[34]
21st century
Current cultural amenities in the neighborhood include Old Town Triangle Art Center,[35] and the annual Old Town Art Fair. Noble Horse Theater stood from 1871 until a 2015 arson[36] forced a sale in 2017,[37] and the land was bought and built into condominiums.[38]
Education
Chicago Public Schools (CPS) operates public schools for the area.
Manierre K–8 School is in "Sedville", a gang territory area in Old Town. As of 2013[update], it was considered a low-performing school.
Notable Residents
See also
- German immigration
- Luxembourgers in Chicago
- National Register of Historic Places listings in North Side Chicago
References
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
- ^ "Boundaries – Community Areas (current)". City of Chicago | Data Portal. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
- ^ "Boundaries – Neighborhoods". City of Chicago | Data Portal. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
- ^ a b "Old Town". tribunedigital-chicagotribune. March 29, 2008. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
- ^ a b "Old Town: Gold Rush in a Cabbage Patch (December 4, 1967)". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ "1855—Beer Riot". chicagology.com. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
- ^ Gale, Neil (January 3, 2017). "The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Chicago Lager Beer Riot of 1855". The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
- ^ "Luxembourgers".
- ^ ISBN 978-1-60949-207-6.
- ^ a b "Old Town: Gold Rush in a Cabbage Patch (December 4, 1967)". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
- ^ https://www.oldtowntriangle.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/OTTA-Map-from-Facebook.jpg[bare URL image file]
- ^ "EXPECT CROWD OF 40,000 FOR OLD TOWN FAIR (May 29, 1960)". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ "Old Town". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org.
- ^ a b Atcheson, Richard: "The Spirit of Old Town", page 67. Holiday Magazine, The Curtis Publishing Company, March 1967
- ^ "Native Americans". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. 2005. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
- ^ Ph.d, Dr Neil Gale (August 13, 2020). "The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™ : Many Early Chicago Areas Were Called "The Cabbage Patch."". The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
- ^ "Chicago Landmarks – Old Town Triangle District". City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division. 2003. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
- ^ "Henry Gerber House". City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division. 2003. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
- ^ Sun-Times (June 19, 2015). "Old Town site of nation's first gay rights group designated national landmark | Chicago". Chicago.suntimes.com. Archived from the original on July 1, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
- ISBN 9781609492076.
- ^ Sean Parnell. "De Luxe Gardens in Memoriam: Chicago Bar Project". chibarproject.com.
- ISBN 9780809322237.
- ^ Chicago Tribune. "Alderman Mathias". chicagotribune.com.
- ^ "Life". google.com. March 31, 1947.
- ^ "Good Government Movements". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org.
- ^ "Chicago Tribune – Historical Newspapers". February 16, 2024.
- ^ "Testimony of Abbie Hoffman in the Chicago Seven Trial". umkc.edu. Archived from the original on January 14, 2011.
- ^ "History – Old Town School of Folk Music". oldtownschool.org. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
- ^ "On the Town (December 21, 1969)". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ "Remembering Earl Pionke". Chicago Tonight – WTTW. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
- ^ "Gentrification". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org.
- ISBN 9781400077243– via Google Books.
- Time Magazine. April 5, 1976. Archived from the originalon May 1, 2007. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ^ "Suspected Porn Boss Dies In His Apartment". Chicago Tribune. October 7, 1988.
- ^ "Old Town Triangle Association". www.oldtowntriangle.com.
- ^ "Fire Devastates Noble Horse Theater; 'Free the Horses' Graffiti Discovered". DNAinfo Chicago. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
- ^ Koziarz, Jay (June 23, 2017). "A final look inside Old Town's Noble Horse Theatre and Stables". Curbed Chicago. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
- ^ Koziarz, Jay (August 17, 2017). "Penthouse in unbuilt 'Equis' development asks $1.4M". Curbed Chicago. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
- DNA Info. Archived from the originalon December 22, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
- DNA Info. Archived from the originalon December 22, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
External links
- Old Town Triangle Association
- Manierre Elementary School and Ferguson Parent-Child Center – Neighborhood school for Old Town
- Photos of Old Town
- Chicago Traveler
- Old Town Merchants and Residents Association
- City Of Chicago landmark of Old Town
- Armstrong, Liz (November 1, 2006). "Open-Source Living". Chicago Reader. – article about Old Town and gentrification
- Grand Valley State University special collections