Oleśnica
Oleśnica | ||
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Website | http://www.olesnica.pl |
Oleśnica (pronounced Oleshnitza [ɔlɛɕˈɲit͡sa]; German: Oels; Silesian: Ôleśnica) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, within the Wrocław metropolitan area. It is the administrative seat of Oleśnica County and also of the rural district of Gmina Oleśnica, although it is not part of the territory of the latter, the town being an urban gmina in its own right.
The town is famed for its large 16th-century castle, which has previously been the seat of several dukes and lords. The castle's inner courtyard arcades, a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture, are iconic in the region.
Name
The town's name comes from Polish olsza ("Alder"); Olcha is an Old Slavic word for this common plant and tree.[2][3] On 22 February 1255 the Silesian duke Henry III the White, son of the Polish High Duke Henry II the Pious, vested civitas nostra Olsnicz ("our town Oleśnica") with town privileges.[4]
Geography
The town is situated in the Silesian Lowlands east of the Trzebnickie Hills, part of the historical region of Lower Silesia. It is situated on the Oleśnica River, a tributary of Widawa. Located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of the Silesian capital Wrocław, it has been a stop on an important trade route to the Greater Poland region, Kalisz, Łódź and Warsaw; it had close ties with Kraków via Namysłów in the east.[citation needed] It was the site of an important printing press and gymnasium.
The town quarters are Centrum, Serbinów, Lucień, Lucień Osiedle, Wądoły, Rataje (Stare, Nowe) and Zielone Ogrody.
History
The
In 1329, Duke Konrad I was forced to accept the overlordship of the
According to an agreement from 1491, the duchy was supposed to pass to future Polish King
On September 11, 1535, a violent F4 tornado completely destroyed part of the town. The written account of this tornado was done by Dr. Alfred Wegener, which is in the CLIMDAT archive located at Leipzig University and the F4 rating on the Fujita scale was assigned by the European Severe Storms Laboratory.[7][8]
In the 17th century, the Polish-German language border ran close to Oleśnica, including the town to the territory dominated by the Polish language.[9] Polish religious writers Adam Gdacius (nicknamed Rey of Silesia) and Jerzy Bock published their works in Oleśnica.[10]
In the 18th century, one of two main routes connecting
After
Cuisine
The officially protected traditional food of Oleśnica, as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland, is the Oleśnica wheat and rye gingerbread.[15]
Sports
Football club Pogoń Oleśnica is based in the town. It played at the Polish second division in the 1990s.
Notable people
- Joachim of Münsterberg-Oels (1503–1562), Duke of Münsterberg and from 1536 to 1542 also Duke of Oels
- Hedwig of Münsterberg-Oels (1508–1531), Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach
- John, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels (1509–1565), Duke of the Münsterberg from 1542 to 1565, Duke of Oels from 1548 to 1565 and Duke of Bernstadt from 1548 to 1565
- George II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels (1512–1553), Duke of Münsterberg from 1536 to 1542 and Duke of Oels
- Henry III, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels (1542–1587), Duke of Münsterberg from 1565 to 1574 and Duke of Bernstadt
- Karl II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels (1545–1617), Duke of Oels from 1565 to 1617 and Duke of Bernstadt from 1604 to 1617
- Karl Christoph, Duke of Münsterberg (1545–1569), Duke of Münsterberg from 1565 to 1569
- Henry Wenceslaus, Duke of Oels-Bernstadt (1592–1639)
- Abraham von Franckenberg (1593–1652), mystic, born in nearby Bystre
- Karl Friedrich I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels (1593–1647), Duke of Oels from 1617 to 1647 and Duke of Bernstadt from 1639 to 1647
- Elisabeth Marie, Duchess of Oels (1625–1686), German noblewoman
- Christian Ulrich I, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (1652–1704), German nobleman, Duke of Württemberg-Bernstadt from 1669 to 1697 and Duke of Oels-Württemberg from 1697 until his death
- Julius Siegmund, Duke of Württemberg-Juliusburg (1653–1684), was Duke of Württemberg-Juliusburg
- Eugen of Württemberg (1788–1857), general
- Carl Heinrich Zöllner (1792–1836), German composer
- Julius Hübner (1806–1882), painter
- Gustav Becker (1819–1885), clockmaker
- Willy Hellpach (1877–1955), physicist and politician
- Antoni Cieszyński (1882–1941), surgeon
- Werner Krolikowski (born 1928), East German politician
- Sigmar Polke (1941–2010), artist
- Piotr Czech (born 1986), kicker for Pittsburgh Steelers
- Wojciech Bartnik (born 1967), boxer, Olympic bronze medallist
- Kasia Glowicka (born 1977), composer
- Jerzy Rogalski (born 1948), film and theatre actor
- Rafał Dębski (born 1969), Polish writer
- professional wrestler and former American footballplayer
Twin towns – sister cities
- Chrudim, Czech Republic
- Jaunay-Marigny, France
- Warendorf, Germany
Gallery
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Saint John the Evangelist Basilica
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A timber-framed house and the Holy Trinity Church
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Holy Virgin Mary Church
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Main post office
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Former Officers' Mess
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District court
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Elementary school no. 7
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Liceum Ogólnokształcąceno. 2 (high school)
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The Polish Veteran's Memorial
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Polish Second ArmyMemorial
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Old townhouses at the Market Square
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Manhole cover with the Oleśnica coat of arms
References
- ^ "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
- ^ www.poradniajezykowa.us.edu.pl
- ^ www.olesnica.pl
- ^ http://alo.uibk.ac.at/webinterface/library/ALO-BOOK_V01?objid=19012[permanent dead link] page 333
- ISBN 3-7995-2500-9.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Oleśnica w czasach książąt piastowskich". Konflikty.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ "European Severe Weather Database". European Severe Storms Laboratory. 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
- ^ Kühne, Thilo. "[Tornado] 11.09.1535 - Oels / Oleśnica (DOL|PL)". Skywarn Deutschland. Thilo Kühne. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
- ^ Dorota Borowicz, Mapy narodowościowe Górnego Śląska od połowy XIX wieku do II Wojny Światowej, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław, 2004, p. 33
- ^ Wincenty Ogrodziński, Nauka domowa i wyjątki z Agendy, „Biblioteka pisarzy śląskich”, Katowice, 1936
- ^ "Informacja historyczna". Dresden-Warszawa (in Polish). Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Gefängnis Oels". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- ^ Sula, Dorota (2010). "Jeńcy włoscy na Dolnym Śląsku w czasie II wojny światowej". Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 33. Opole: 68.
- ISBN 83-85003-97-5.
- ^ "Pszenno-żytnie pierniki z Oleśnicy". Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi - Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ "Miasta partnerskie". olesnica.pl (in Polish). Oleśnica. Retrieved 2020-02-03.
External links
- Municipal website
- Panorama Oleśnicka (in Polish)
- News from Oleśnica (in Polish)
- History of Oleśnica (in Polish)
- Old postcards from Oleśnica (in Polish)
- Jewish Community in Oleśnica on Virtual Shtetl