Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Olea
Species:
O. europaea
Subspecies:
O. e. subsp. cuspidata
Trinomial name
Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata
Synonyms[1][2]
List
    • Linociera lebrunii Staner in Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 22: 244 (1932)
    • Olea africana Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 4 (1768)
    • Olea asiatica Desf. in Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3: 88 (1829), nom. nud.
    • Olea aucheri A.Chev. ex Ehrend. in Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 97: 156 (1960)
    • Olea chrysophylla Lam. in Tabl. Encycl. 1: 29 (1791)
    • Olea chrysophylla var. aucheri A.Chev. in Rev. Intern. Bot. Appl. Paris 28(303-304): 18 (1948)
    • Olea chrysophylla var. cuspidata (Wall. ex G.Don) A.Chev. in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 28: 18 (1948)
    • Olea chrysophylla var. ferruginea (Royle) A.Chev. in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 28: 18 (1948)
    • Olea chrysophylla var. nubica (Schweinf. ex Baker) A.Chev. in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 28: 18 (1948)
    • Olea chrysophylla var. somaliensis (Baker) A.Chev. in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 28: 18 (1948)
    • Olea chrysophylla var. subnuda R.E.Fr. in Wiss. Erg. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo-Exp. 1911-1912, 1: 258 (1916)
    • Olea chrysophylla var. verrucosa (Willd.) A.Chev. in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 28: 19 (1948)
    • Olea cuspidata Wall. ex G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 49 (1837)
    • Olea europaea f. dulcis Collen. in Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 5: 38 (1988), nom. illeg.
    • Olea europaea subsp. africana (Mill.) P.S.Green in Kew Bull. 34: 69 (1979)
    • Olea europaea var. cuspidata (Wall. ex G.Don) Cif. in Olivicoltore 19(5): 96 (1942)
    • Olea europaea var. ferruginea (Royle) Cif. in Oleaia 3-4: 3 (1950), nom. illeg.
    • Olea europaea var. nubica Schweinf. ex Baker in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(1): 18 (1902)
    • Olea europaea var. verrucosa Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 1: 44 (1797)
    • Olea ferruginea Royle in Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 267 (1835), nom. illeg.
    • Olea indica Kleinhof ex Burm.f. in Fl. Indica: 6 (1768)
    • Olea kilimandscharica Knobl. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 200 (1934)
    • Olea monticola Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 58 (1918)
    • Olea sativa var. verrucosa (Willd.) Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Pl. 1: 69 (1817)
    • Olea schimperi Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 58 (1918)
    • Olea similis Burch. in Trav. S. Africa 1: 177 (1822), nom. superfl.
    • Olea somaliensis Baker in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(1): 18 (1902)
    • Olea subtrinervata Chiov. in Atti Reale Accad. Italia, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. 11: 49 (1940)
    • Olea verrucosa (Willd.) Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 33 (1821)
    • Olea verrucosa var. brachybotrys DC. in Prodr. 8: 285 (1844)

Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata is a subspecies of the well-known olive tree (

Olea europaea), which until recently was considered a separate species (Olea africana) and is still mentioned as such in many sources. Native to northeast of Africa and the drier parts of subtropical Asia, it has various common names, including wild olive, African olive, brown olive and Indian olive.[3]

It is the ancestor of the cultivated

Description

Leaves
Mature tree in Cape Town, South Africa.

This much-branched evergreen tree varies in size from 2 to 15 metres (7 to 50 ft) high. The leaves have an opposite, decussate arrangement, and are entire, 3 to 7 centimetres (1.2 to 2.8 in) long and 8 to 25 millimetres (0.3 to 1 in) wide; the

cuneate
.

Leaf margins are entire and recurved, the upper surface is grey-green and glossy, and the lower surface has a dense covering of silvery, golden or brown scales.

venation is obvious on the upper surface and obscure on the lower surface; the petiole
is up to 10 millimetres (0.4 in) long.

In drier areas, the plant may be less than 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) tall within 5–10 years, though it may still reach sexual maturity at around five to six years when it is a shrub at 4 metres (13 ft)} high. In the right conditions, the plant can reach its full height of 10 to 13 metres (30 to 40 ft) between 8 and 12 years.[4]

Inflorescence and fruit

The flowers are small and inconspicuous, usually appearing in spring. The

corolla is greenish-white or cream; the tube is 1 to 2 millimetres (0.039 to 0.079 in) long; lobes are about 3 millimetres (0.12 in) long and reflexed at the anthesis. The two stamens
are fused near the top of the corolla tube, with bilobed stigma.

Fruit are borne in

globose to ellipsoid fruit is a drupe, 6 millimetres (0.24 in) in diameter and 15 to 25 millimetres (0.59 to 0.98 in) long; it is fleshy, glaucous
to a dull shine when ripe, and purple-black.

Distribution

It is extensively found through Africa (i.e.

In areas where it is not native, such as Australia, it is classified as an environmental

bushlands, parks, roadsides and waste areas on the coast and in highlands, where it would alter the original composition of the native vegetation. It was first introduced to Australia in the mid 19th century for ornamental reasons.[6]

Uses

The wood is much-prized and durable, with a strong smell similar to

termites
and wood borers. The spindle wood is very light, while the heartwood is dark yellow to reddish brown.

Olea ferruginea (syn. Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata) produces

medicine (Hassan et al. 2022).[9]

This species is cultivated as an

ornamental tree for parks and gardens. It is also used for the production of table olives and oil. The sap of the fruit of this tree can also be used to make ink
.

Gallery

References

  1. ^ a b "Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  2. ^ "Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. & G.Don) Cif. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  3. ^ "Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  4. ^ a b Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (wild olive) CAB International. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  5. ^ Olea europaea L. subsp. cuspidata (Wall. ex G. Don) Cif. by Special edition of Environmental Weeds of Australia for Biosecurity Queensland (Queensland Government). Retrieved 3 February 2021
  6. ^ Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. ex G.Don) Cif. WEEDS AUSTRALIA - PROFILES. August 2007. Retrieved 3 February 2021
  7. ^ Anwar, P.; Bendini, A.; Gulfraz, M.; Qureshi, R.; Valli, E.; Di Lecce, G.; Toschi, T.G. (2013). "Characterization of olive oils obtained from wild olive trees (Olea ferruginea Royle) in Pakistan". Food Research International. 54: 1965–1971.
  8. ^ Sharma, R.K.; Sharma, N.; Samant, S.S.; Nandi, S.K.; Palni, L.M.S. (2013). "Antioxidant activities in methanolic extracts of Olea ferruginea royle fruits". International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics. 3 (2): 1–3.
  9. ^ Hassan, H.U.; Raja, N.I.; Abasi, F.; Mehmood, A.; Qureshi, R.; Manzoor, Z.; Pro'cków, J. (2022). "Comparative study of antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Olea ferruginea fruit extract and its mediated selenium nanoparticles". Molecules. 27: 5194.

External links