Olfactory tract
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2008) |
Olfactory peduncle | |
---|---|
Details | |
System | Olfactory system |
Location | Brain |
Identifiers | |
Latin | tractus olfactorius |
NeuroNames | 283 |
NeuroLex ID | birnlex_1663 |
TA98 | A14.1.09.431 |
TA2 | 5539 |
FMA | 77626 |
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy |
The olfactory peduncle (olfactory tract, olfactory stalk) is a
The term olfactory tract is a misnomer, as the olfactory peduncle is actually made up of the juxtaposition of two tracts, the medial olfactory tract (giving the medial and intermediate olfactory stria) and the lateral olfactory tract (giving the lateral and intermediate olfactory stria).[1] However, the existence of the medial olfactory tract (and consequently the medial stria) is controversial in primates (including humans).[2]
Structure
The olfactory peduncle and
The olfactory peduncle divides posteriorly into three main branches: the medial, intermediate and lateral striae. The olfactory peduncle thus terminates in a triangular structure called the olfactory trigone. Caudal to these elements is the anterior perforated substance, the anterior part of which is marked by the relief of the olfactory tubercle. Finally, projections from the olfactory peduncle to the anterior olfactory nucleus are sometimes grouped together under the name of superior olfactory stria.[1]
The terms olfactory tubercle and olfactory trigone are commonly confused in the literature.
Medial olfactory stria
The medial olfactory stria is classically described as running medially behind the
However, this description has been rejected for some fifty years.[2] The medial olfactory stria is now described as terminating much more medially, in the ventral taenia tecta.[1]
Intermediate olfactory stria
The intermediate olfactory stria is the branch (or branches) extending from the medial or lateral olfactory striae to the olfactory tubercle and anterior perforated substance. Trolard's term "pectineal formation " is used to refer to multiple intermediate striae extending from the lateral olfactory stria.[1]
Lateral olfactory stria
The lateral olfactory stria is directed across the lateral part of the anterior perforated substance and then bends abruptly medially toward the uncus of the parahippocampal gyrus.
Clinical significance
Destruction to the olfactory peduncle results in ipsilateral anosmia (loss of the ability to smell). Anosmia either total or partial is a symptom of Kallmann syndrome a genetic disorder that results in disruption of the development of the olfactory peduncle.[5][6] The depth of the olfactory sulcus is an indicator of such congenital anosmia.[7]
Additional images
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Scheme of rhinencephalon. (Olfactory tract visible at left.)
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Base of brain.
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Plan of olfactory neurons.
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Orbital surface of frontal lobe olfactory sulcus shown in red.
References
- ^ a b c d De Cannière, G., « The olfactory striae: A historical perspective on the inconsistent anatomy of the bulbar projections », Journal of Anatomy, no 244, 2024, p. 170–183, Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13952
- ^ a b Heimer, L., « Olfactory projections to the diencephalon », Int. Conf. Neurobiology of CNS-Hormone Interactions, Chapel Hill: Anatomical Neuroendocrinology, 1974, p. 30–39
- ISBN 0683014552.
- ^ Allison, A. C. (1954). "The secondary olfactory areas in the human brain". Journal of Anatomy, 88 (Pt 4), 481–488.2.
- ISBN 9780878936953.)
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ^ "Kallmann syndrome". Genetics Home Reference. US Library of Medicine. National Institutes for Health. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information. June 26, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
- PMID 21868619.
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 826 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
External links
- "1-4". Cranial Nerves. Yale School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.