Omaha, Nebraska

Coordinates: 41°15′31″N 95°56′15″W / 41.25861°N 95.93750°W / 41.25861; -95.93750
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"Omaha" redirects here. For other uses, see Omaha (disambiguation).

Omaha, Nebraska
USS Hazard
Omaha Union Station
Union Stockyards building
Bob Kerrey Pedestrian Bridge
City Clerk
Elizabeth Butler
 • City Council
Members list
Area
CDT)
ZIP Codes
68022, 68101–68164
Area code402 and 531
FIPS code31-37000
GNIS feature ID0835483[3]
Websitewww.cityofomaha.org

Omaha (

most populous city in the U.S. state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County.[5] Omaha is in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about 10 mi (15 km) north of the mouth of the Platte River. The nation's 40th-most populous city, Omaha's 2020 census population was 486,051.[6]

Omaha is the anchor of the eight-county, a bi-state

Combined Statistical Area (CSA) totaled 1,004,771, according to 2020 estimates.[7] Approximately 1.5 million people reside within the Greater Omaha area, within a 50 mi (80 km) radius of Downtown Omaha. It is ranked as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, which in 2020 gave it "sufficiency" status.[8]

Omaha's pioneer period began in 1854, when the city was founded by speculators from neighboring

meatpacking
plants gained international prominence.

Presently, Omaha is the home to the headquarters of four

TV dinner, developed by Omaha's Carl A. Swanson.[15]

History

Main article: History of Omaha, Nebraska
See also: History of North Omaha, Nebraska
Omaha Tribe
when it ceded the land that became the city of Omaha to the U.S. government

Various

Ioway
. The word Omaha (actually Umoⁿhoⁿ or Umaⁿhaⁿ) in the Omaha language means "Upstream People" or "Against The Current."

In 1804 the

Cabanné's Trading Post, built in 1822, and Fontenelle's Post in 1823, in what became Bellevue.[19] There was fierce competition among fur traders until John Jacob Astor created the monopoly of the American Fur Company. The Mormons built a town called Cutler's Park in the area in 1846.[20] While it was temporary, the settlement provided the basis for further development.[21]

Through 26 separate treaties with the United States federal government,

Omaha Tribe ceded most of east-central Nebraska.[22] Logan Fontenelle
, an interpreter for the Omaha and signatory to the 1854 treaty, played an essential role in those proceedings.

Pioneer Omaha

Before it was legal to claim land in

U.S. Supreme Court later ruled against numerous landowners whose violent actions were condemned in Baker v. Morton.[28]

Many of Omaha's founding figures stayed at the

The Transcontinental Railroad, celebrate the city's pioneering history.[32]

19th century

Hotel Fontenelle, formerly in downtown Omaha

The

U.S. Congress allowed the Union Pacific Railroad to begin building westward railways;[35][36] in January 1866 it commenced construction out of Omaha.[37]

The

meatpacking companies in the United States. By the 1950s, half the city's workforce was employed in meatpacking and processing. Meatpacking, jobbing and railroads were responsible for most of the growth in the city from the late 19th century through the early decades of the 20th century.[39]

Douglas Street Bridge, the first pedestrian and wagon bridge between Omaha and Council Bluffs.[42]

Gambling, drinking and prostitution were widespread in the 19th century, first rampant in the city's

criminal elements enjoyed support from Omaha's "perpetual" mayor, "Cowboy Jim" Dahlman, nicknamed for his eight terms as mayor.[44][45]

Calamities such as the

Joe Coe, an African-American porter after he was accused of raping a white girl.[48] There were also several other riots and civil unrest events in Omaha
during this period.

In 1898, Omaha's leaders, under the guidance of

Kountze Park and the Omaha Driving Park in the Kountze Place neighborhood.[50]

20th century

With dramatically increasing population in the 20th century, competition and fierce labor struggles led to major civil unrest.

meatpacking magnate.[52]

The city's labor and management clashed in bitter strikes,

Greek Town in 1909, completely driving out the Greek population.[54]

The

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People west of the Mississippi River was founded in the city.[55]

The

Omaha Easter Sunday Tornado of 1913 destroyed much of the city's African-American community, in addition to much of Midtown Omaha.[56]

Six years later, in 1919, the city was caught up in the Red Summer riots when thousands of whites marched from South Omaha to the courthouse to lynch a black worker, Willy Brown, a suspect in an alleged rape of a white woman. The mob burned the Douglas County Courthouse to get the prisoner, causing more than $1 million damage. They hanged and shot Will Brown, then burned his body.[57] Troops were called in from Fort Omaha to quell the riot, prevent more crowds gathering in South Omaha, and to protect the black community in North Omaha.[58]

The

culture of North Omaha thrived throughout the 1920s through 1950s, with several creative figures, including Tillie Olsen, Wallace Thurman, Lloyd Hunter, and Anna Mae Winburn emerging from the vibrant Near North Side.[59]

Musicians created their own world in Omaha, and also joined national bands and groups that toured and appeared in the city.[60]

After the tumultuous

B-29 Superfortresses, including the Enola Gay and Bockscar used in the atomic bombing of Japan in World War II.[61]

The construction of

North Omaha Freeway, spurred development. There was also controversy, particularly in North Omaha, where new routes bisected several neighborhoods.[62] Creighton University hosted the DePorres Club, an early civil rights group whose use of sit-in strategies for integration of public facilities predated the national movement.[63]

Following the development of the Glenn L. Martin Company bomber manufacturing plant in Bellevue at the beginning of World War II, the relocation of the Strategic Air Command to the Omaha suburb in 1948 provided a major economic boost to the area.[64]

From the 1950s through the 1960s, more than 40 insurance companies were headquartered in Omaha, including

Woodmen of the World and Mutual of Omaha. By the late 1960s, the city rivaled, but never surpassed, the United States insurance centers of Hartford, Connecticut, New York City and Boston.[65]

After surpassing Chicago in

meat processing
by the late 1950s, Omaha suffered the loss of 10,000 jobs as both the railroad and meatpacking industries restructured. The city struggled for decades to shift its economy as workers suffered. Poverty became more entrenched among families who remained in North Omaha.

In the 1960s, three major race riots along

Woodmen Tower
was completed and became Omaha's tallest building and first major skyscraper at 478 ft (146 m), a sign of renewal.

Since the 1970s, Omaha has continued expanding and growing, mostly to available land to the west.

West Omaha has become home to the majority of the city's population. North and South Omaha's populations continue to be centers of new immigrants, with economic and racial diversity. In 1975 a major tornado, along with a major blizzard, caused more than $100 million in damages in 1975 dollars.[67]

Downtown Omaha has since been rejuvenated in numerous ways, starting with the development of

W. Dale Clark Library[69] in the late 1970s. In the 1980s, Omaha's fruit warehouses were converted into a shopping area called the Old Market
.

The demolition of

ConAgra Foods campus.[70] Several nearby buildings, including the Nash Block, have been converted into condominiums. The stockyards were taken down; the only surviving building is the Livestock Exchange Building, which was converted to multi-use and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[71]

A

Omaha Landmarks or listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Much of the push toward preservation came after Omaha gained the notorious designation of having, in 1989, demolished the largest-ever National Register historic district in the United States, a record that still stands as of 2013. The Jobbers Canyon Historic District, along the Missouri River, was felled for a new headquarters campus for ConAgra Foods, a company which threatened to relocate if Omaha did not allow them to raze the city's historic district. The Jobber's Canyon warehouses had before then been allowed to deteriorate and were the scene of several fires set by the homeless population that had come to live in the abandoned buildings. At the time, there were no plans in place for revitalizing the buildings.[72][73][74]

In the 1980s and 1990s, Omaha also saw major company headquarters leave the city, including Enron, founded in the city in 1930 and taken to Houston in 1987 by the now-notorious Kenneth Lay. First Data Corporation, a large credit-card processor, also was founded in Omaha in 1969; as of 2009, its headquarters are in Atlanta.

World Com. He moved headquarters of the merged company from Omaha to Mississippi.[75]

21st century

First National Bank Tower, the tallest building in Omaha
Omaha at Night, in 2021, as seen from the intersection of 10th Street and Capitol Street.
Bob Kerrey Pedestrian Bridge

Around the start of the 21st century, several new downtown skyscrapers and cultural institutions were built.

CenturyLink Center
. TD Ameritrade Park is now the home of the College World Series, an event tourists flock to each year.

New construction has occurred throughout the city since the start of the 21st century. Important retail and office developments have occurred in West Omaha such as the Village Pointe shopping center and several business parks including

Blue Cross Blue Shield of Nebraska announced plans to build a new 10 story, $98 million headquarters, in the Aksarben Village, completed in Spring 2011.[81] Gordmans is also building their new corporate headquarters in Aksarben. The other major mixed-use development is Midtown Crossing at Turner Park. Developed by Mutual of Omaha, the development includes several condominium towers and retail businesses built around Omaha's Turner Park.[82][83]

The Holland Performing Arts Center opened in 2005 near the Gene Leahy Mall and the Union Pacific Center opened in 2004.

There have also been several developments along the Missouri River waterfront in downtown. The Bob Kerrey Pedestrian Bridge was opened to foot and bicycle traffic on September 28, 2008.[84] Started in 2003,[85] RiverFront Place Condos first phase was completed in 2006 and is fully occupied and the second phase was opened in 2011. The development along Omaha's riverfront is attributed with prompting the City of Council Bluffs to move their own riverfront development time line forward.[86]

In the summers of 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2021 the

the city's sports community,[89]
as well as a showcase for redevelopment in the downtown area.

Geography

See also:
Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area

According to the

flood plain west of the Missouri River. The area is the location of Carter Lake, an oxbow lake
. The lake was once the site of East Omaha Island and Florence Lake, which dried up in the 1920s.

The Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area consists of eight counties; five in Nebraska and three in Iowa.

Micropolitan statistical area; the CSA has a population of 858,720 (2005 Census Bureau estimate). Omaha ranks as the 42nd-largest city in the United States, and is the core city of its 60th-largest metropolitan area.[94] There are no consolidated city-counties in the area; the City of Omaha studied the possibility extensively through 2003 and concluded, "The City of Omaha and Douglas County should merge into a municipal county, work to commence immediately, and that functional consolidations begin immediately in as many departments as possible, including but not limited to parks, fleet management, facilities management, local planning, purchasing and personnel."[95]

Geographically, Omaha is considered as being in the "Heartland" of the United States. Important environmental impacts on the natural habitat in the area include the spread of

whitetail deer population.[96]

Omaha is home to several hospitals, mostly along Dodge Street (US6). Being the county seat, it is also the location of the county courthouse.

Neighborhoods

Main article: Neighborhoods of Omaha, Nebraska
Downtown - lime, Midtown - blue-gray, North - red, South - pink, West - lavender
View from above West Omaha

Omaha is generally divided into six geographic areas: Downtown, Midtown, North Omaha, South Omaha, West Omaha, and East Omaha. West Omaha includes the Miracle Hills,

Greek Town.[98] According to U.S. Census data, five European ethnic enclaves existed in Omaha in 1880, expanding to nine in 1900.[99]

Around the start of the 20th century. the City of Omaha annexed several surrounding communities, including

Elkhorn in 2007, Omaha has continually had an eye towards growth.[100]

Starting in the 1950s, development of highways and new housing led to the movement of the middle class to

gated communities or have become edge cities.[102] Recently, Omahans have made strides to revitalize the downtown and Midtown areas with the redevelopment of the Old Market, Turner Park, Gifford Park, and the designation of the Omaha Rail and Commerce Historic District.[103]

Climate

Climate chart for Omaha

Omaha, due to its latitude of 41.26˚ N and location far from moderating bodies of water or mountain ranges, displays a hot-summer humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfa).[104][105] July averages 76.7 °F (24.8 °C), with average relative humidity around 70% which then leads to relatively frequent thunderstorms. Temperatures reach 90 °F (32 °C) on 29 days and 100 °F (38 °C) on 1.7 days annually. The January daily average is 23.5 °F (−4.7 °C), with lows reaching 0 °F (−18 °C) on 11 days annually. The lowest temperature recorded in the city was −32 °F (−35.6 °C) on January 5, 1884,[106] and the highest 114 °F (45.6 °C) on July 25, 1936.[107] Average yearly precipitation is 30.6 in (777 mm), falling mostly in the warmer months. Snow is the most common precipitation in winter, with average seasonal snowfall being 28.7 in (72.9 cm).

Based on 30-year averages obtained from

Weather Channel ranked Omaha the 5th coldest major U.S. city as of 2014.[108]

Climate data for Omaha (Eppley Airfield), 1991–2020 normals[a], extremes 1871–present[b]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 69
(21) 		80
(27) 		91
(33) 		96
(36) 		103
(39) 		107
(42) 		114
(46) 		111
(44) 		104
(40) 		96
(36) 		83
(28) 		74
(23) 		114
(46)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 56.2
(13.4) 		61.6
(16.4) 		76.8
(24.9) 		86.3
(30.2) 		91.3
(32.9) 		95.9
(35.5) 		98.4
(36.9) 		96.8
(36.0) 		93.0
(33.9) 		85.3
(29.6) 		71.2
(21.8) 		58.3
(14.6) 		99.8
(37.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 33.6
(0.9) 		38.6
(3.7) 		52.1
(11.2) 		64.1
(17.8) 		74.6
(23.7) 		84.4
(29.1) 		88.1
(31.2) 		85.8
(29.9) 		79.1
(26.2) 		65.5
(18.6) 		50.3
(10.2) 		37.7
(3.2) 		62.8
(17.1)
Daily mean °F (°C) 24.4
(−4.2) 		28.9
(−1.7) 		41.0
(5.0) 		52.6
(11.4) 		63.6
(17.6) 		73.9
(23.3) 		78.1
(25.6) 		75.7
(24.3) 		67.6
(19.8) 		54.4
(12.4) 		40.2
(4.6) 		28.7
(−1.8) 		52.4
(11.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 15.2
(−9.3) 		19.3
(−7.1) 		30.0
(−1.1) 		41.1
(5.1) 		52.7
(11.5) 		63.4
(17.4) 		68.0
(20.0) 		65.6
(18.7) 		56.1
(13.4) 		43.2
(6.2) 		30.2
(−1.0) 		19.8
(−6.8) 		42.1
(5.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −7
(−22) 		−2.1
(−18.9) 		8.8
(−12.9) 		24.1
(−4.4) 		37.1
(2.8) 		49.8
(9.9) 		55.8
(13.2) 		53.6
(12.0) 		39.4
(4.1) 		25.7
(−3.5) 		12.9
(−10.6) 		−0.8
(−18.2) 		−10.6
(−23.7)
Record low °F (°C) −32
(−36) 		−26
(−32) 		−16
(−27) 		5
(−15) 		25
(−4) 		39
(4) 		44
(7) 		43
(6) 		28
(−2) 		8
(−13) 		−14
(−26) 		−25
(−32) 		−32
(−36)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.75
(19) 		0.95
(24) 		1.79
(45) 		3.17
(81) 		4.66
(118) 		4.44
(113) 		3.55
(90) 		4.60
(117) 		2.96
(75) 		2.32
(59) 		1.45
(37) 		1.22
(31) 		31.86
(809)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 7.2
(18) 		7.8
(20) 		3.0
(7.6) 		1.0
(2.5) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.5
(1.3) 		1.7
(4.3) 		5.8
(15) 		27.1
(69)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 6.9 7.3 8.0 10.5 12.8 11.0 9.9 8.9 7.8 7.2 6.0 6.8 103.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 5.6 5.7 2.4 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.8 4.8 21.7
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		71.1 71.1 66.3 60.6 63.8 65.8 68.3 70.9 71.8 67.4 71.1 73.8 68.5
Average dew point °F (°C) 12.7
(−10.7) 		17.8
(−7.9) 		26.8
(−2.9) 		37.0
(2.8) 		48.7
(9.3) 		59.2
(15.1) 		64.8
(18.2) 		63.0
(17.2) 		54.3
(12.4) 		41.4
(5.2) 		29.5
(−1.4) 		17.6
(−8.0) 		39.4
(4.1)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 167.8 157.6 206.4 230.1 277.1 314.0 332.5 296.3 245.5 217.5 148.0 134.1 2,726.9
Percent possible sunshine 56 53 56 58 62 69 72 69 66 63 50 47 61
Average ultraviolet index 2 2 4 6 8 9 9 8 6 4 2 1 5
Source: NOAA (relative humidity 1961–1990 at Eppley Airfield, sun 1961–1990 at former Omaha
weather forecast office at 41°21′13″N 96°01′24″W / 41.3536°N 96.0233°W / 41.3536; -96.0233)[110][111][112][113]


Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18601,883—
187016,083754.1%
188030,51889.8%
1890140,452360.2%
1900102,555−27.0%
1910124,09621.0%
1920191,06154.0%
1930214,00612.0%
1940223,8444.6%
1950251,11712.2%
1960301,59820.1%
1970346,92915.0%
1980313,939−9.5%
1990335,7957.0%
2000390,00716.1%
2010408,9584.9%
2020486,05118.9%
2021 (est.)487,300[114]0.3%
Source:[115]
U.S. Decennial Census[116]
2010–2020[6]
Historical Racial composition 2020 2010[117] 1990[118] 1970[118] 1940[118]
White
 65.5% 73.1% 83.9% 89.4% 94.5%
Black
 12.4% 13.7% 13.1% 9.9% 5.4%
Native American/Alaska Native 1.1% 0.8% 0.7%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 14.0% 13.1% 3.1% 1.9%[c] n/a
Asian
 4.6% 2.4% 1.0% 0.2% 0.1%
Non-Hispanic White 66.6% 68.0% 82.3% 87.5%[c] n/a
Two or More Races 9.1% 3.0%

2020 census

The

Latino of any race was 14.0% (67,715) of the population.[117]

Map of racial distribution in Omaha, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: ⬤ White ⬤ Black ⬤ Asian ⬤ Hispanic ⬤ Other

Of the 189,922 households, 28.3% had children under the age of 18; 43.0% were married couples living together; 29.2% had a female householder with no husband present. 33.2% of households consisted of individuals and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 3.2.

24.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.9 years. For every 100 females, the population had 97.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 95.0 males.

The 2016-2020 5-year

poverty line
, including 15.6% of those under the age of 18 and 7.8% of those ages 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the

Non-Hispanic Whites were 68.0% of the population.[117]

There were 162,627 households, of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.7% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was at least 65 years old. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.14.

The median age in the city was 33.5 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.9% were from 25 to 44; 24.4% were from 45 to 64; and 11.4% were 65 years of age or older. The city's gender makeup was 49.2% male and 50.8% female.

The median household income (in 2017 dollars) from 2013 to 2017 was $53,789.[122]

2000 census

As of the

Latino of any race were 7.5% of the population.[123]

The city's median household income was $40,006, and the median family income was $50,821. Males had a median income of $34,301 versus $26,652 for females. The city's

poverty line, including 15.6% of those under the age of 18 and 7.4% of those 65 and older.[124]

Crime

Main article: Crime in Omaha, Nebraska
Further information: Gambling in Omaha, Nebraska

Omaha's

rate of violent crimes per 100,000 residents has been lower than the average rates of three dozen United States cities of similar size. Unlike Omaha, those cities have experienced an increase in violent crime overall since 2003. Rates for property crime have decreased for both Omaha and its peer cities during the same time period.[125] In 2006, Omaha was ranked for homicides as 46th out of the 72 cities in the United States of more than 250,000 in population.[126]

As a major industrial city into the mid-20th century, Omaha shared in social tensions that came with rapid growth and the arrival of large numbers of immigrants and migrants. Persistent poverty resulting from racial discrimination and job losses generated different crimes in the late 20th century, with the drug trade and drug abuse becoming associated with violent crime rates, which climbed after 1986 as Los Angeles gangs made affiliates in the city.[127]

Gambling in Omaha has been an important part of the city's history. From its founding in the 1850s through the 1930s, the city was known as a "wide-open" town where gambling of all sorts was openly accepted. By the 1950s, at the same time large-scale restructuring of the railroads, the meatpacking industry and other sectors caused widespread job losses and unemployment, Omaha reportedly had more illicit gambling than any other city in the nation.[128] From the 1930s through the 1970s, a Mafia-based criminal element controlled gambling in the city.[129]

As most forms of gambling are currently restricted in Nebraska, gambling in Omaha is limited to keno, lotteries, and parimutuel betting. This leaves Omahans to drive across the Missouri River to Council Bluffs, Iowa, where casinos are legal and many businesses operate. Recently, the National Indian Gaming Commission approved a controversial proposal made by the Ponca tribe of Nebraska. It will allow the tribe to build a casino in Carter Lake, Iowa, which sits on the west side of the Missouri River, adjacent to Omaha, where casinos are illegal.[130][131][132]

People

Main article: Ethnic groups in Omaha, Nebraska
Saint Cecilia Cathedral

Storz
breweries.

Since its founding,

crime, such as illicit gambling and riots
.

In the early 20th century,

Jewish immigrants set up many businesses along the North 24th Street commercial area. It suffered with the loss of industrial jobs in the 1960s and later, the shifting of population west of the city. The commercial area is now the center of the African-American community, concentrated in North Omaha.[136]
The African American community has maintained its social and religious base, while it is experiencing an economic revitalization.

The

Florence neighborhood.[138][139] Czechs had a strong political and cultural voice in Omaha,[140] and were involved in a variety of trades and businesses, including banks, wholesale houses, and funeral homes. The Notre Dame Academy and Convent and Czechoslovak Museum are legacies of their residence.[141]
Today the legacy of the city's early European immigrant populations is evident in many social and cultural institutions in Downtown and South Omaha.

Poles, and Swedes
.

A growing number of African immigrants have made their homes in Omaha in the last twenty years.[

Nubians. Most Sudanese people in Omaha speak the Nuer language.[143] Other Africans have immigrated to Omaha as well, with one-third from Nigeria, and large populations from Kenya, Togo, Cameroon and Ghana.[144][145][146]

With the expansion of railroad and industrial jobs in meatpacking, Omaha attracted many immigrants and migrants. As the major city in Nebraska, it has historically been more racially and ethnically diverse than the rest of the state.

racial and ethnic tensions. Around the start of the 20th century, violence towards new immigrants in Omaha often erupted out of suspicion and fear.[148]

In 1909, anti-Greek sentiment flared after increased Greek immigration, and worsened their tendency to become

Greek Town Riot.[149] That mob violence forced the Greek immigrant population to flee from the city.[150][151] By 1910, 53.7% of Omaha's residents and 64.2% of South Omaha's residents were foreign born or had at least one parent born outside of America.[152]

Six years after the Greek Town Riot, in 1915, a mob killed Juan Gonzalez, a Mexican immigrant, near Scribner, a town in the Greater Omaha metropolitan area. The event occurred after an Omaha Police Department officer investigated a criminal operation that sold goods stolen from the nearby railroad yards. Racial profiling targeted Gonzalez as the culprit. After escaping the city, he was trapped along the Elkhorn River, where the mob, including several policemen from Omaha, shot him more than twenty times. It was discovered Gonzalez was unarmed, and he had a reliable alibi for the time of the murder. No one was ever indicted for his killing.[153]

In the fall of 1919, following

Omaha Race Riot. Trying to defend Brown, the city's mayor, Edward Parsons Smith, was lynched also, surviving only after a quick rescue.[48]

Like other industrial cities in the U.S., Omaha suffered severe job losses in the 1950s, more than 10,000 in all, as the railroad and meatpacking industries restructured. Stockyards and packing plants were located closer to ranches, and union achievements were lost as wages declined in surviving jobs.[154] Many workers left the area if they could get to other jobs. Poverty deepened in areas of the city whose residents depended on those jobs, specifically North and South Omaha. At the same time, with reduced revenues, the city had less financial ability to respond to longstanding problems.

Despair after the April 1968

Rice/Poindexter Case, in which an Omaha Police Department
officer was killed by a bomb while answering an emergency call.

Whites in Omaha have followed the

suburbanizing to West Omaha.[156] In the late 1990s and early 2000s, gang violence and incidents between the Omaha Police and Black residents undermined relations between groups in North and South Omaha.[157]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Omaha, Nebraska
Old Market in Downtown Omaha

With diversification in several industries, including banking, insurance, telecommunications, architecture/construction, and transportation, Omaha's economy has grown since the early 1990s,[158] and six national fiber optic networks converge in Omaha.[159]

Omaha's most prominent businessman is Warren Buffett, nicknamed the "Oracle of Omaha", who is regularly ranked one of the

richest people in the world. Four Omaha-based companies: Berkshire Hathaway, Union Pacific Railroad, Mutual of Omaha, and Kiewit Corporation, are among the Fortune 500.[160]

Omaha is the headquarters of several other major corporations, including

DLR Group, Inc., and Leo A Daly.[161]

Top employers

According to the Greater Omaha Economic Development Partnership, the largest regional employers are:[162]

# Employer Employees
1 Offutt Air Force Base 7,500+
2 CHI Health 7,500+
3 Omaha Public Schools 5,000-7,499
4 Methodist Health System 5,000-7,499
5
Nebraska Medical Center
 5,200
6 University of Nebraska Medical Center 2,500-4,999
7 First Data 2,500-4,999
8 Union Pacific 2,500-4,999
9 Hy-Vee 2,500-4,999
10 First National of Nebraska 2,500-4,999

Tourism

Office buildings in downtown Omaha

Tourist attractions in Omaha include history, sports, outdoors and cultural experiences. Its principal tourist attractions are the

Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition, a world's fair that lasted for more than half the year.[165]

Research on

Denver, Colorado; and Sioux Falls, South Dakota.[166] A recent study found investment of $1 million in cultural tourism generated approximately $83,000 in state and local taxes, and provided support for hundreds of jobs for the metropolitan area, which in turn led to additional tax revenue for government.[163][167]

Arts and culture

Main articles:
Culture in North Omaha, Nebraska
Joslyn Art Museum

Several national newspapers, including the

New York Times [169] have lauded Omaha's historical
and cultural attractions.

The city is home to the

performing arts community. Opened in 1931, the Joslyn Art Museum has large art collections.[173] Since its inception in 1976, Omaha Children's Museum has been a place where children can challenge themselves, discover how the world works and learn through play. The Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts, one of the nation's premier urban artist colonies, was founded in Omaha in 1981,[174] and the Durham Museum is accredited with the Smithsonian Institution for traveling exhibits.[175] The city is also home to the largest singly funded mural in the nation, "Fertile Ground",[176] by Meg Saligman.[177] The annual Omaha Blues, Jazz, & Gospel Festival celebrates local music along with the Omaha Black Music Hall of Fame
.

In 1955, Omaha's Union Stockyards overtook Chicago's stockyards as the United States' meat packing center. This legacy is reflected in the cuisine of Omaha, with renowned steakhouses such as Gorat's and the recently closed Mister C's, as well as the retail chain Omaha Steaks.

Henry Doorly Zoo

Main article:
Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium
Desert Dome at Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium

The

Henry Doorly Zoo is widely considered a premier zoo.[178] The zoo is home to the world's largest nocturnal exhibit and indoor swamp; the world's largest indoor rainforest, the world's largest indoor desert,[179] and the largest geodesic dome in the world (13 stories tall).[180][181] The zoo is Nebraska's number-one paid attendance attraction and has welcomed more than 25 million visitors over the past 40 years.[182]

Old Market

Main article: Old Market (Omaha, Nebraska)

The

Florence celebrates its history during "Florence Days". Native Omaha Days is a biennial event celebrating Near North Side heritage.[186]

Religious institutions reflect the city's heritage.

Jewish community. There are 152 parishes in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Omaha, and several Eastern Orthodox congregations throughout the city.[188]

Music

Main article: Music of Omaha

Omaha's rich history in rhythm and blues, and jazz gave rise to a number of influential bands, including Anna Mae Winburn's Cotton Club Boys and Lloyd Hunter's Seranaders. Rock and roll pioneer Wynonie Harris, jazz great Preston Love, drummer Buddy Miles, and Luigi Waites are among the city's homegrown talent. Doug Ingle from the late 1960s band Iron Butterfly was born in Omaha, as was indie folk singer-songwriter Elliott Smith, though both were raised elsewhere.

Today, the diverse

Omaha Sound".[189][190]

Contemporary music groups either in or originally from Omaha include Mannheim Steamroller, Bright Eyes, The Faint, Cursive, Azure Ray, Tilly and the Wall, and 311. During the late 1990s, Omaha became nationally known as the birthplace of Saddle Creek Records, and the subsequent "Omaha Sound" was born from their bands' collective style.[191][192]

Omaha also has a fledgling

Mixed Martial Arts competitor, is a local hip-hop radio show host.[193][194] Cerone Thompson, known as "Scrybe", has had a number one single on college radio stations across the United States. He has also had several number one hits on the local hip hop station respectively titled, "Lose Control" and "Do What U Do".[195] Other notable artists include Stylo of Mastered Trax Latino who holds a strong following in South Omaha and Mexico / Latin America.[195]

Many ethnic and cultural bands have come from Omaha. The

Germans in Omaha to celebrate their rich musical heritage, too. Frederick Metz, Gottlieb Storz and Frederick Krug were influential brewers whose beer gardens
kept many German bands active.

Landmark preservation

Main articles:
List of Registered Historic Places in Douglas County, Nebraska
Joslyn Castle

Omaha is home to dozens of nationally, regionally and locally significant landmarks.

Fort Omaha Historic District, Gold Coast Historic District, Omaha Quartermaster Depot Historic District, Field Club Historic District, Bemis Park Historic District, and the South Omaha Main Street Historic District. Omaha is notorious for its 1989 demolition of 24 buildings in the Jobbers Canyon Historic District, which represents to date the largest loss of buildings on the National Register.[198] The only original building surviving of that complex is the Nash Block
.

Omaha has almost

Bank of Florence, Holy Family Church, the Christian Specht Building and the Joslyn Castle. There are also three properties designated as National Historic Landmarks.[199]

mayor of Omaha and the Omaha City Council to protect historic places. Important history organizations in the community include the Douglas County Historical Society.[200]

Sports

Main article: Sports in Omaha, Nebraska
Charles Schwab Field

Sports have been important in Omaha for more than a century, and the city plays host to three minor-league professional sports teams.

Omaha has hosted the annual June NCAA

Charles Schwab Field since 2011.[202]

The Omaha Sports Commission is a quasi-governmental nonprofit organization that coordinates much of the professional and amateur athletic activity in the city, including the 2008, 2012 and 2016 US Olympic Swimming Team Trials and the building of a

University of Nebraska and the Commission co-hosted the 2008 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division One Women's Volleyball Championship in December of that year.[206] The 2016 Big 10 Baseball Championship was also played at the College World Series Stadium. Another quasi-governmental board, the Metropolitan Entertainment and Convention Authority (MECA), was created by city voters in 2000,[207] and is responsible for maintaining the CHI Health Center Omaha (formerly CenturyLink Center Omaha).[208]

Sports teams in Omaha
Team Sport League Venue (capacity) Attendance
Creighton Bluejays baseball Baseball
NCAA
Charles Schwab Field
(24,505)		 3,205
Creighton Bluejays men's basketball Basketball
NCAA
 CHI Health Center Omaha (18,560) 17,048
Omaha Mavericks men's ice hockey Ice hockey
NCAA
 Baxter Arena (7,898) 6,570
Omaha Mavericks men's basketball Basketball
NCAA
 Baxter Arena (7,898) 2,366[209]
Omaha Storm Chasers Baseball International League Werner Park (9,023) 5,315
Omaha Lancers Ice hockey United States Hockey League
Ralston Arena
(4,000)		 3,302
Omaha Beef
Indoor football
 National Arena League
Ralston Arena
(3,626)		 3,302
Creighton Bluejays men's soccer
Soccer
NCAA
 Morrison Stadium (6,000) 3,297
Omaha Pioneers Soccer
USASA
TBD
 —
Union Omaha
Soccer
 USL League One Werner Park (9,023) —
Omaha Supernovas Volleyball Pro Volleyball Federation CHI Health Center Omaha (18,560) -
CHI Health Center

The Omaha Storm Chasers play at Werner Park.[210] They won seven championships (in 1969, 1970, 1978, 1990, 2011, 2013, and 2014). Omaha is also home to the Omaha Diamond Spirit, a collegiate summer baseball team that plays in the MINK league.

Union Omaha, a professional minor league soccer team, is a member of USL League One and began play in the 2020 season. Their home games are played at Werner Park, which it shares with the Storm Chasers.[211] The team, nicknamed the Owls, won the league championship in 2021.[212] Union then made a deep run to the quarterfinals of the 2022 U.S. Open Cup, defeating two Major League Soccer teams in the process.[213] The team announced plans in 2024 to build a 7,000-seat soccer-specific stadium near Downtown Omaha.[214]

The

soccer at Morrison Stadium, and basketball at the 18,000 seat CHI Health Center Omaha
. The Jays annually rank in the top 15 in attendance each year, averaging more than 16,000 people per game. The
The Summit League. The UNO men's ice hockey team plays in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference
.

Ice hockey is a popular spectator sport in Omaha. The Omaha Lancers, a United States Hockey League team, play at the Ralston Arena.[215] The Omaha Mavericks play in the on-campus Baxter Arena.

Omaha was home to an

Ralston Arena
.

Omaha was the legendary catchword of Pro Football Hall of Fame Quarterback Peyton Manning. In 2021 he launched Omaha Productions.

The

Kansas City-Omaha Kings, an NBA franchise, played in both cities from 1972 to 1978,[217] before decamping solely to Kansas City until 1985, when the team moved to its current home of Sacramento
.

The

Web.com Tour from 1996 to 2013. The circuit returned to Omaha in 2017 with the Pinnacle Bank Championship
.

Parks and recreation

Main articles:
Parks in Omaha and Trails in Omaha

Omaha has a thriving running community and many miles of paved running and biking trails throughout the city and surrounding communities. The Omaha Marathon involves a half-marathon and a 10 km (6.2 mi) race that takes place annually in September.[218] Omaha also has a history of curling, including multiple junior national champions.[219] The city's historic

hikers.[221] They include the American Discovery Trail, which traverses the entire United States, and the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail passes through Omaha as it travels 3,700 mi (5,950 km) westward from Illinois to Oregon. Trails throughout the area are included in comprehensive plans for the city of Omaha, the Omaha metropolitan area, Douglas County, and long-distance coordinated plans between the municipalities of southeast Nebraska. The city also has a park dedicated to pollinating bees and insects called 'Pacific Preserve'[222]

Government

Main article: Government of Omaha
City Building in Downtown Omaha

Omaha has a

mayor is Jean Stothert, who was elected in May 2013, re-elected May 10, 2017, and re-elected again May 11, 2021. The longest-serving mayor in Omaha's history was "Cowboy" Jim Dahlman, who served 20 years over eight terms. He was regarded as the "wettest mayor in America" because of the flourishing number of bars in Omaha during his tenure.[223] Dahlman was a close associate of political boss Tom Dennison.[224] During Dahlman's tenure, the city switched from its original strong-mayor form of government to a city commission government.[225] In 1956, the city switched back.[226]

The

city clerk is Elizabeth Butler.[227] The City of Omaha administers twelve departments, including finance, police, human rights, libraries and planning.[228] The Omaha City Council is the legislative branch and has seven members elected from districts across the city. The council enacts local ordinances and approves the city budget. Government priorities and activities are established in a budget ordinance approved annually. The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions. Nebraska's constitution grants the option of home rule to cities with more than 5,000 residents, meaning they may operate under their own charters. Omaha is one of only three cities in Nebraska to use this option, out of 17 eligible.[229] The City of Omaha is considering consolidating with Douglas County government.[230]

Although registered

Nebraska's split electoral vote system.[234]

In 2011, Nebraska lawmakers moved Offutt Air Force Base and the town of Bellevue — an area with a large minority population — out of the Omaha-based 2nd District and shifted in the Republican-heavy Omaha suburbs in Sarpy County. The move is expected to dilute the city's urban Democratic vote.[235]

Omaha's 2nd District sent its single electoral vote for Joe Biden in the 2020 election.[236] Biden's victory, by more than 20,000 votes, shows Omaha's and the 2nd Districts' continuing trend toward Democratic politics in recent years.[237]

Education

Main article: Education in Omaha, Nebraska

Omaha has many public and private educational institutions, including

public school district in Nebraska, which serves more than 47,750 students in more than 75 schools.[238] After a contentious period of uncertainty, in 2007 the Nebraska Legislature approved a plan to create a learning community for Omaha-area school districts with a central administrative board.[239]

The

Blue Ribbon School
award.

The Westside Community Schools, also known as District 66, is a district in the heart of Omaha. It serves students in pre-kindergarten through the 12th grade and recorded a district enrollment of 6,123 students K-12 for the 2015–16 school year.[241] Through annexations Omaha also has the Millard Public Schools and Elkhorn Public Schools. Omaha is also home to Brownell-Talbot School, Nebraska's only preschool through grade 12, independent college preparatory school.

There are eleven

Eppley Cancer Center
, one of 66 designated Cancer Centers by the National Cancer Institute in the United States. The University of Nebraska College of Medicine, also on the UNMC campus.

Omaha's Creighton University is ranked the top non-doctoral regional university in the Midwestern United States, its campus is just outside Downtown Omaha in the new North Downtown district has a combined 6,700 students in its undergraduate, graduate, medical, and law schools.

There are more than 10 other

colleges and universities in the Omaha metro area
.

Further information: Capitol School of Hairstyling & Esthetics

Media

Main article: Media in Omaha, Nebraska
The Omaha Star building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places

The city is the focus of the Omaha

designated market area, and is the 76th largest in the United States.[242]

Magazines

Omaha Magazine[243]

Newspapers

The major daily newspaper in Nebraska is the

The Omaha Star. Founded in 1938 in North Omaha, the Star is Nebraska's only African-American newspaper.[245]

Television networks and cable TV

Omaha's three television news stations include:

CenturyLink is a broadband TV option also available throughout the Omaha area. Satellite providers such as DirecTV and Dish Network
and the local programming they offer are also available throughout the metropolitan area.

Infrastructure

Further information: List of tallest buildings in Omaha, Nebraska

Omaha's growth has required the constant development of new urban infrastructure that influence, allow and encourage the constant expansion of the city.

Utilities

Retail

sewage treatment plants.[249]

Portions of the

Northern Natural Gas Company in Omaha. Northern provides three natural gas lines to Omaha. Enron formerly owned UtiliCorp United, Inc., which became Aquila, Inc. Peoples Natural Gas, a division of Aquila, Inc., serves several surrounding communities around the Omaha metropolitan area, including Plattsmouth.[250]

Health care

There are

Eugene Eppley.[251][252]

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Omaha
Further information: Railroads in Omaha and Trails in Omaha
Ak-Sar-Ben Bridge toll booth in 1938
Interstate 480 leaving Omaha
Omaha's Eppley Airfield in East Omaha

Omaha's central role in the history of transportation across America earned it the nickname "Gate City of the West."[1] Despite President Lincoln's decree that Council Bluffs, Iowa, be the starting point for the Union Pacific Railroad, construction began from Omaha on the eastern portion of the first transcontinental railroad.[253] By the middle of the 20th century, nearly every major railroad served Omaha.

Today, the Omaha Rail and Commerce Historic District celebrates this connection, along with the listing of the

Union Station on the National Register of Historic Places. First housed in the former Herndon House, the Union Pacific Railroad's corporate headquarters have been in Omaha since the company began.[254] Their new headquarters, the Union Pacific Center
, opened in Downtown Omaha in 2004.

local bus system
.

Omaha's position as a transportation center was finalized with the 1872 opening of the

Missouri River Pedestrian Bridge, which opened in 2008.[256]

Today, the primary mode of transportation in Omaha is by automobile, with

Metro Transit
, formerly MAT Metro Area Transit, provides public bus service to hundreds of locations throughout the Metro.

A 2017 study by

trail system
throughout the city for walkers, runners, bicyclists, and other pedestrian modes of transportation.

Omaha is laid out on a

West Omaha, and Bellevue, Nebraska.[8]

Council Bluffs Airport
. Offutt Air Force Base continues to serve as a military airbase; it is at the southern edge of Bellevue, which in turn lies immediately south of Omaha.

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Omaha, Nebraska

In popular culture

In 1939, Omaha hosted the world premiere of the film

Oscar-nominated director who shot parts of About Schmidt, Citizen Ruth and Election
in the city and suburbs of Papillion and La Vista.

The Looney Tunes short Boobs in the Woods featured Porky Pig revealing that he had a license to sell hair tonic to bald eagles in Omaha, Nebraska.

Built in 1962, Omaha's

Rave Motion Pictures.[267]

Songs about Omaha include "Omaha" by

Desaparecidos, "Omaha Stylee" by 311, "(Ready Or Not) Omaha Nebraska" by Bowling for Soup, "Omaha (The Only What If)", by Katie Lynne Sharbaugh, and "Omaha" by Toro y Moi. Also, Bob Seger's 1973 hit song "Turn the Page" opens with the line "On a long and lonesome highway, east of Omaha..."[268]

Popular young adult novel Eleanor & Park by Rainbow Rowell (St. Martin's Press, 2013) takes place in Omaha.

The 1935 winner of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing was named Omaha, and after traveling the world the horse eventually retired to a farm south of the city. The horse made promotional appearances at Ak-Sar-Ben during the 1950s and following his death in 1959 was buried at the racetrack's Circle of Champions.

In the television show The Big Bang Theory, one of the show's main characters, Penny, is from Omaha.

Omaha is also the hometown of the Wizard in L. Frank Baum's children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.

In Breaking Bad, Saul Goodman says in the penultimate episode that "If I'm lucky, a month from now, best case scenario, I'm managing a Cinnabon in Omaha," and in the prequel, spin-off, and sequel, Better Call Saul, he is manager of a Cinnabon in Omaha under the alias Gene Takavic.

Sister cities

Omaha has six

sister cities:[269]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. ^ Official records for Omaha kept at the Weather Bureau Office from January 1871 to May 1935 and at Eppley Airfield since June 1935 except for June 1977 thru December 1993 when the official station was Omaha WSFO.[109]
  3. ^ a b From 15% sample

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External links

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