Omphalitis of newborn
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Omphalitis of newborn | |
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Specialty | Neonatology |
Omphalitis of newborn is the medical term for inflammation of the
Signs and symptoms
Clinically,
Causes
Omphalitis is most commonly caused by bacteria. The culprits usually are
Diagnosis
In a normal umbilical stump, you first see the umbilicus lose its characteristic bluish-white, moist appearance and become dry and black[2] After several days to weeks, the stump should fall off and leave a pink fleshy wound which continues to heal as it becomes a normal umbilicus.[2]
For an infected umbilical stump, diagnosis is usually made by the clinical appearance of the umbilical cord stump and the findings on history and
Prevention
During the 1950s there were outbreaks of omphalitis that then led to anti-bacterial treatment of the umbilical cord stump as the new standard of care.
Treatment
Treatment consists of
Epidemiology
The current incidence in the United States is somewhere around 0.5% per year; overall, the incidence rate for developed world falls between 0.2 and 0.7%. In developing countries, the incidence of omphalitis varies from 2 to 7 for 100 live births.[7] There does not appear to be any racial or ethnic predilection.
Like many bacterial infections, omphalitis is more common in those patients who have a weakened or deficient immune system or who are hospitalized and subject to invasive procedures. Therefore, infants who are premature, sick with other infections such as blood infection (sepsis) or pneumonia, or who have immune deficiencies are at greater risk. Infants with normal immune systems are at risk if they have had a prolonged birth, birth complicated by infection of the placenta (chorioamnionitis), or have had umbilical catheters.
References
- ^ Jones, Kevin, MD, Neayland, Beverly, MD. "Brief Review of Omphalitis" (PDF). dead link. UNSOM Department of Pediatrics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f Cunningham, F. Williams Obstetrics:The Newborn (24 ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- ^ a b c Rosenberg. Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics (22e ed.).
- ^ Fleisher, Gary R. Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, p. 928.
- PMID 12509548.
- ^ PMID 23728678.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link - ^ Bugaje, Mairo Adamu; et al. "Omphalitis" (PDF). Paediatric Surgery: A Comprehensive Text For Africa. Retrieved 23 July 2013.