Ontario, California
This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2022) |
Ontario, California | ||
---|---|---|
Clockwise: Ovitt Family Community Library; Empire Towers; Ontario Convention Center; Chaffey High School | ||
FIPS code 06-53896 | | |
GNIS feature IDs | 1652764, 2411323 | |
Website | www |
Ontario is a city in southwestern
The city is home to the Ontario International Airport, which is the 15th-busiest airport in the United States by cargo carried. Ontario handles the mass of freight traffic between the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach and the rest of the country.[8]
It takes its name from the Ontario Model Colony development established in 1882 by the Canadian engineer George Chaffey and his brothers William Chaffey and Charles Chaffey.[9] They named the settlement after their home province of Ontario.
History
Tovaangar (-1771)
Ontario was inhabited by the Tongva people for over 1000 years.[10] Their country is now known as Tovaangar. The Ontario area was connected to the village of Cucamonga, whose location is not now precisely known.
The Spanish Empire's New Spain Portolá expedition found and named the Santa Ana River in 1769.[citation needed] They also explored the Cucamonga area.[11]
Spanish Empire (1771-1822)
In 1771, Franciscans from New Spain settled nearby, and established the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, founding what is today San Gabriel.[12] They enslaved the Tongva people.[13] The area was now part of the New Spain Province of Las Californias.
Juan Bautista de Anza is said to have passed through the area on his 1774 expedition, which created a land route between the province of Sonora and San Gabriel.[14] An Ontario city park[14] and a middle school[15] now bear his name. The route became known as the El Camino Real.
In 1804, the northern part of Las Californias became the new province of Nueva California.[16]
In 1810, the San Gabriel Franciscans took over the Tongva village of
Mexico (1822-1847)
In 1822, word of the Mexican triumph in the
In 1824, the province of Nueva California was renamed Alta California.
In 1826, American explorer Jedediah Smith passed through what is now Upland on the first known overland journey from the east coast to the west coast of North America. He used Native American trails that he helped establish as the California Trail. (This later became the National Old Trails Road, Route 66, and today's Foothill Boulevard.)[18]
Use of the San Gabriel mission's
In 1845, the rancho was inherited by Tapia's daughter, Maria Prudhomme, and her husband Leon Prudhomme.[20]
United States (1847-)
1800s
In January 1847, the area became controlled by the United States following the conquest of California as part of the Mexican-American War.[citation needed] This was formalised by the Treaty of Cahuenga that month. Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, the United States recognised the existing land tenure, and took formal control of the land. It ruled it under a military administration until a new civilian body was established in December 1849, which became the state of California in September 1850. In February 1850, the interim California government established Los Angeles County. (The earlier Los Angeles municipal government did not cover today's Ontario.)[21]
The new Californian administration soon began a war of extermination against the Tongva, which came to be known as being part of the California genocide.[13] 1850's Act for the Government and Protection of Indians ensured that slavery of the people it covered remained legal.[22]
San Bernardino County was founded in 1853, following the establishment of a new Mormon settlement. A road was built between San Bernardino and Los Angeles that year, passing through Rancho Cucamonga.[20]
Rancho Cucamonga was sold in 1858 to John Rains.
Slavery of Native Americans became illegal in California in 1865.[23]
John Rain's heirs sold Rancho Cucamonga in 1870 to an Isaias Hellman-led syndicate,[24] the "Cucamonga Company".[25] 20 years after the initial application, the California government formally converted the title of the rancho to freehold in 1872.[19][26]
In 1881, the Chaffey brothers, George and William, purchased a parcel of Hellman's Rancho Cucamonga land and the water rights to it. The two established a settlement they named "Ontario" in honor of the province of Ontario in Canada, where they were from.[27]
The land was sometimes referred to the "San Antonio lands", as they included half the water rights to Mount San Antonio[28] (colloquially known as "Mount Baldy"). They engineered a drainage system channelling water from the foothills of the mountain down to the flatter lands below that performed the dual functions of allowing farmers to water their crops and preventing the floods that periodically afflict them.
They also created the main thoroughfare of Euclid Avenue (
In 1885, the Chaffey brothers opened a campus of the University of Southern California. This included a secondary school.
Also in 1885, the Ontario Record newspaper was founded. (It would later be known as "The Daily Report".)
The new "Model Colony" (called so because it offered the perfect balance between agriculture and the urban comforts of schools, churches, and commerce) was originally conceived as a dry town, early deeds containing clauses forbidding the manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages within the town.
Ontario attracted farmers (primarily growing citrus) and ailing Easterners seeking a drier climate (often to treat tuberculosis). To impress visitors and potential settlers with the "abundance" of water in Ontario, a fountain was placed at the Southern Pacific railway station. It was turned on when passenger trains were approaching and frugally turned off again after their departure. The original "Chaffey fountain", a simple spigot surrounded by a ring of white stones, was later replaced by the more ornate "Frankish Fountain", an art nouveau creation now located outside the Ontario Museum of History and Art.[30] Agriculture was vital to the early economy, and many street names recall this legacy. The Sunkist plant remains as a living vestige of the citrus era.
The Chaffey brothers left in 1886 to found the Australian irrigation settlements of
Central Ontario was incorporated as a city in 1891.[25] The San Antonio Electric Light & Power Company was organized in 1891 to provide electricity to Ontario, Pomona and Redlands.[25]
The Graber Olive House was established in 1894, and is now the longest operating olive packing business in the United States.
In 1895, the Ontario Electric Company was established by Charles Frankish.[32] In its first year it took over the mule-cars, and replaced them with electrical powered vehicles.[32]
1900s
The City of Ontario's territory was greatly expanded in 1900.[25]
Tens of thousands of European immigrants came to work in agriculture. In the early 1900s, the first
In 1901, the original college closed, and a new Ontario High School replaced it. This soon became Chaffey College, and offered college courses as well as high school education.
Ontario was declared a "model colony" by an act of Congress in 1903.[34]
North Ontario broke away from the city in 1906, calling itself Upland.[25]
In 1912, the streetcar line became the Upland–Ontario Line of Pacific Electric. It was closed in 1928.
In 1929, the city of Ontario established the Ontario Municipal Airport. This is now the Ontario International Airport, and is the largest employer in the city.
AM radio station KOCS began in 1946,[35] which was followed by sister station KOCS-FM in 1947. The stations initially operated as part of The Daily Report, and would go on to change their name, format and ownership many times.
In 1960, the higher education part of Chaffey College moved to nearby Rancho Cucamonga.
From 1970 to 1980, the Ontario Motor Speedway hosted motor racing events including the California 500, and music events like California Jam.
The Cardenas supermarket chain began in Ontario in 1981.
An Ontario station of the Metrolink rail service opened in 1993 (it later became known as "Ontario – East").
Large shopping mall Ontario Mills opened to the public on November 14, 1996, on the old Ontario Motor Speedway parking lot.
On December 13, 1996,
The Ontario Convention Centre opened in 1997.[37]
In 1999, the large agricultural area in the south of Ontario (the "ag preserve") was re-zoned for residential and commercial use. This area was now described as the "New Model Colony", before being renamed Ontario Ranch, and finally New Haven.[38]
2000s
The University of La Verne opened a law-focused campus in Ontario in 2001.
In 2008, the
AM radio station KSPA went off the air in 2020.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 50.0 square miles (129 km2). Of that, 49.9 square miles (129 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) is water. The total area is 0.13% water.
Climate
The climate of Ontario is influenced by
Climate data for Ontario, California (Ontario International Airport) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1998–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 90 (32) |
90 (32) |
94 (34) |
101 (38) |
103 (39) |
112 (44) |
117 (47) |
112 (44) |
118 (48) |
107 (42) |
98 (37) |
87 (31) |
118 (48) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 82.2 (27.9) |
82.9 (28.3) |
88.5 (31.4) |
94.1 (34.5) |
96.2 (35.7) |
101.4 (38.6) |
104.9 (40.5) |
106.0 (41.1) |
106.9 (41.6) |
98.9 (37.2) |
92.0 (33.3) |
80.7 (27.1) |
110.5 (43.6) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 67.7 (19.8) |
68.1 (20.1) |
71.7 (22.1) |
75.7 (24.3) |
79.8 (26.6) |
86.4 (30.2) |
93.8 (34.3) |
94.9 (34.9) |
91.3 (32.9) |
82.6 (28.1) |
74.7 (23.7) |
66.9 (19.4) |
79.5 (26.4) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 56.1 (13.4) |
57.1 (13.9) |
60.2 (15.7) |
63.4 (17.4) |
67.7 (19.8) |
73.2 (22.9) |
79.2 (26.2) |
80.1 (26.7) |
77.6 (25.3) |
69.8 (21.0) |
61.9 (16.6) |
55.2 (12.9) |
66.8 (19.3) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 44.6 (7.0) |
46.2 (7.9) |
48.7 (9.3) |
51.1 (10.6) |
55.6 (13.1) |
60.0 (15.6) |
64.7 (18.2) |
65.2 (18.4) |
63.8 (17.7) |
57.1 (13.9) |
49.0 (9.4) |
43.6 (6.4) |
54.1 (12.3) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 33.9 (1.1) |
35.0 (1.7) |
39.2 (4.0) |
44.0 (6.7) |
48.5 (9.2) |
54.9 (12.7) |
59.3 (15.2) |
59.7 (15.4) |
55.9 (13.3) |
48.4 (9.1) |
39.3 (4.1) |
33.1 (0.6) |
31.3 (−0.4) |
Record low °F (°C) | 25 (−4) |
29 (−2) |
33 (1) |
33 (1) |
42 (6) |
46 (8) |
56 (13) |
56 (13) |
51 (11) |
41 (5) |
32 (0) |
28 (−2) |
25 (−4) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.57 (65) |
3.07 (78) |
1.64 (42) |
0.76 (19) |
0.30 (7.6) |
0.02 (0.51) |
0.05 (1.3) |
0.03 (0.76) |
0.10 (2.5) |
0.41 (10) |
0.80 (20) |
1.89 (48) |
11.64 (296) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 5.1 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 5.6 | 35.5 |
Source: NOAA (mean maxima/minima 2006–2020)[40][41] |
Demographics
The most common country of origin in Ontario is Mexico. 19.04% of Ontario's population is Mexican-born. The remaining most countries of origin in Ontario are the Philippines, El Salvador, Guatemala, Vietnam, Korea, China, Honduras, Thailand and Peru. The most common spoken languages in Ontario are Spanish, Vietnamese, Chinese, Tagalog, other Pacific Island language, Korean, Portuguese, Urdu and Arabic. Roman Catholicism is the most practiced religion.[42]
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1890 | 683 | — | |
1900 | 722 | 5.7% | |
1910 | 4,274 | 492.0% | |
1920 | 7,280 | 70.3% | |
1930 | 13,583 | 86.6% | |
1940 | 14,197 | 4.5% | |
1950 | 22,872 | 61.1% | |
1960 | 46,617 | 103.8% | |
1970 | 64,118 | 37.5% | |
1980 | 88,820 | 38.5% | |
1990 | 133,179 | 49.9% | |
2000 | 158,007 | 18.6% | |
2010 | 163,924 | 3.7% | |
2020 | 175,265 | 6.9% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[43] |
2020
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[44] | Pop 2010[45] | Pop 2020[46] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
42,048 | 29,898 | 23,997 | 26.61% | 18.24% | 13.69% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
11,317 | 9,598 | 10,336 | 7.16% | 5.86% | 5.90% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
475 | 361 | 409 | 0.30% | 0.22% | 0.23% |
Asian alone (NH) | 5,914 | 8,078 | 15,693 | 3.74% | 4.93% | 8.95% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 519 | 448 | 415 | 0.33% | 0.27% | 0.24% |
Other race alone (NH) | 284 | 386 | 933 | 0.18% | 0.24% | 0.53% |
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 2,840 | 2,070 | 3,554 | 1.80% | 1.26% | 2.03% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 94,610 | 113,085 | 119,928 | 59.88% | 68.99% | 68.43% |
Total | 158,007 | 163,924 | 175,265 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2020
The U.S. Census accounts for race by two methodologies. "Race alone" and "Race alone less Hispanics" where Hispanics are delineated separately as if a separate race.
According to the
According to the
2010
The
The Census reported that 163,166 people (99.5% of the population) lived in households, 411 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 347 (0.2%) were institutionalized.
There were 44,931 households, out of which 23,076 (51.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 23,789 (52.9%) were
The population was spread out, with 49,443 people (30.2%) under the age of 18, 19,296 people (11.8%) aged 18 to 24, 49,428 people (30.2%) aged 25 to 44, 34,703 people (21.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 11,054 people (6.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.
There were 47,449 housing units at an average density of 948.9 per square mile (366.4/km2), of which 24,832 (55.3%) were owner-occupied, and 20,099 (44.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.8%. 90,864 people (55.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 72,302 people (44.1%) lived in rental housing units.
During 2009–2013, Ontario had a median household income of $54,249, with 18.1% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[49]
2000
As of the
There were 43,525 households, out of which 49.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.3% were non-families. 15.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.6 and the average family size was 4.0.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.4% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 32.4% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 5.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $42,452, and the median income for a family was $44,031. Males had a median income of $31,664 versus $26,069 for females. The
Economy
In the years following Ontario's founding, the economy was driven by its reputation as a health resort. Shortly thereafter, citrus farmers began taking advantage of Ontario's rocky soil to plant lemon and orange groves. Agricultural opportunities also attracted
A major pre-war industry was the city's General Electric plant that produced clothing irons. During and after World War II, Ontario experienced a housing boom common to many suburbs. The expansion of the Southern California defense industry attracted many settlers to the city.[53] With California's aerospace industry concentrated in Los Angeles and the Bay Area, the Ontario International Airport was used as a pilot training center.[54] Today, Ontario still has a manufacturing industry, the most notable of which are Maglite, which produces flashlights. Manufacturing has waned, and Ontario's economy is dominated by service industries and warehousing. Major distribution centers are operated by companies such as AutoZone, Cardinal Health, MBM, Genuine Parts/NAPA, and Nordstrom.[55]
Ontario is also home to Niagara Bottling, The Icee Company, clothing companies Famous Stars and Straps and Shiekh Shoes, Scripto U.S.A., and to Phoenix Motorcars, who employs over 150 employees in Ontario.[56]
Top employers
According to the city's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[55] the top employers in the city are:
# | Employer | # of employees |
---|---|---|
1 | Ontario International Airport | 5,000–9,999 |
2 | Safariland | 500–999 |
3 | Sam's Club Distribution | 500–999 |
4 | Securitas
|
500–999 |
5 | Target Distribution | 500–999 |
6 | United Parcel Service (UPS) | 500–999 |
Tourism
The Greater Ontario Convention and Visitors Bureau implemented a tourism marketing district and adopted an aggressive five-year strategic plan focusing on marketing initiatives to bring visitors to the region, build brand and destination awareness while enhancing the local economy.[57]
Arts and culture
Ontario is home to three museums, the Ontario Museum of History and Art, the Chaffey Community Museum of Art, and the Ontario Police Museum.
Built in 1925, The Granada Theatre was leased to West Coast Junior Theater. By the 1940s, the theater had become part of the Fox West Coast Theater chain. The Granada Theatre was designed by architect L.A. Smith.[58]
Ontario is also the home to the second largest consumer Quilt Show in the United States, Road to California. The quilt show books over 2,400 room nights and has a recorded attendance of over 40,000 attendees.[59]
The Ontario post office contains two oil on canvas murals, The Dream depicting founder Chaffey with surveyors and The Reality which shows a view of the completed Euclid Avenue, painted by WPA muralist Nellie Geraldine Best in 1942.[60]
Since 1959, Ontario has placed three-dimensional
The All-States Picnic, an Independence Day celebration, began in 1939 to recognize the varied origins of the city's residents. Picnic tables lined the median of Euclid Avenue from Hawthorne to E Street, with signs for each of the country's 48 states. The picnic was suspended during World War II, but when it resumed in 1948, it attracted 120,000 people. A 1941 Ripley's Believe It or Not! cartoon listed Ontario's picnic table as the "world's longest". As native Californians came to outnumber the out-of-state-born, the celebration waned in popularity until it was discontinued in 1981. It was revived in 1991 as a celebration of civic pride.[62]
Sports
The
The arena had been the home of the Ontario Reign, a former team in the ECHL, that called the arena home from 2008 to 2015. The Los Angeles Kings' affiliate played at the 9,736-seat Toyota Arena. In their debut season of 2008–09, they were second in the league in attendance, averaging 5856 fans per game.[63] The Reign led the ECHL in average attendance in every subsequent year.
In January 2015, the American Hockey League, a minor league above the ECHL, announced that it was forming a new Pacific Division and would be replacing the ECHL Ontario Reign with a relocated team. The Kings relocated the Manchester Monarchs, a franchise they had owned and operated since 2012, and became the Ontario Reign beginning with the 2015–16 AHL season.
The
Club | League | Venue | Established | Championships |
---|---|---|---|---|
Empire Strykers | MASL, Indoor soccer | Toyota Arena | 2013 | 0 |
Ontario Reign
|
American Hockey League, Ice hockey | Toyota Arena | 2015 | 1 |
Ontario Clippers
|
NBA G League, Basketball | Toyota Arena | 2017 | 0 |
Government
Local government
The city is governed by a five-member council.
According to the 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's various funds had $399.4 million in revenues, $305.3 million in expenditures, $1,606.0 million in total assets, $317.6 million in total liabilities, and $412.4 million in cash and investments.[65]
State and federal representation
In the
In the United States House of Representatives, Ontario is in California's 35th congressional district, represented by Democrat Norma Torres.[66]
Education
Ontario has five school districts: Ontario/Montclair Elementary, Mt View Elementary, Cucamonga Elementary, Chino Unified and Chaffey Joint Union in the City borders. There are also several
Infrastructure
Transportation
The
.Because Ontario is a major hub for passengers and freight, the city is also served by several major
The
The Ontario-East Metrolink station is located off of Haven Avenue. It connects Ontario with much of the Greater Los Angeles area, Orange County, and the San Fernando Valley.
Public bus transportation is provided by Omnitrans. Additional bus and rail connections to Los Angeles and elsewhere are available at the nearby Montclair station. A bus rapid transit line known as the sbX Purple Line is currently being constructed, which will run through the city.
Cemeteries
The Bellevue Memorial Park is located on West G Street.
Shopping
Ontario Mills is a major shopping mall in Ontario, while Cardenas, a supermarket chain specializing in Latin American cuisine, was founded in and is based in Ontario.
Notable people
- Hobie Alter, pioneer surfboard maker and catamaran builder
- Jeff Ayres, basketball player, NBA champion with the San Antonio Spurs
- Rod Barajas, MLB player for the Los Angeles Dodgers and six other MLB teams
- Madge Bellamy, actress[72]
- Jim Brulte, politician[73]
- Jason Bowles, stock car racing driver
- Eudora Stone Bumstead(1860–1892), poet, hymnwriter
- Academy Award-winning cinematic art director and designer
- Beverly Cleary, author and Newbery Medal-winning novelist (1984), The Luckiest Girl and memoir My Own Two Feet
- Andy Clyde, actor, married in Ontario in 1932
- Del Crandall, MLB player and manager, 11-time All-Star, member of 1957 World Series champion Braves
- William De Los Santos, poet, screenwriter and film director
- Dragna crime family
- Los Angeles Galaxy and USMNT player; born in Ontario, raised in Redlands
- Prince Fielder, baseball player for the Texas Rangers
- José Carrera García, professional footballer
- Ana Patricia González, winner of Nuestra Belleza Latina 2010 (Our Latin Beauty 2010) and currently appearing on ¡Despierta América![74]
- Bill Graber, pole vaulter
- Robert Graettinger, composer
- Cle Kooiman, soccer player
- Ryan Lane, actor
- Nick Leyva, manager of the Philadelphia Phillies (1989–1991)[75]
- Christina "T" Lopez, singer, actress; former member of Latin girl dance-pop band Soluna[76]
- Sam Maloof, furniture designer and woodworker
- Shelly Martinez, professional wrestler
- Anthony Muñoz, 1998 Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee
- Al Newman, former MLB player [77]
- Douglas Northway, Olympic bronze medalist, swimming[78]
- Chaffey Union High School District
- Charles Phoenix, pop culture humorist, historian, author and chef
- Antonio Pierce, football player
- Sol Ruca, professional wrestler
- Joey Scarbury, singer[79]
- Robert Shaw, conductor[80]
- Mike Sweeney, MLB player for Philadelphia Phillies, attended Ontario High School and led 1991 baseball team to undefeated record and state title[81]
- middle Linebacker for the Super Bowl champions Seattle Seahawks
- Joseph Wambaugh, author[73]
- Frank Zappa, musician, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award[82]
Sister cities
Ontario has five
- Brockville, Ontario, Canada (since 1977)
- Guamúchil, Sinaloa, Mexico (since 1982)
- Mocorito, Sinaloa, Mexico (since 1982)
- Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico (since 1988)
- Winterthur, Canton of Zürich, Switzerland[note 1][84]
- Jieyang, China[85]
See also
- Inland Valley Daily Bulletin (newspaper)
- Ontario and San Antonio Heights Railroad Company
- The Daily Report(newspaper)
- List of U.S. cities with large Hispanic populations
- Greater Los Angeles Area
- Inland Empire Metropolitan Area
Notes
- ^ However, according to the official website by the city of Winterthur, Ontario is not one of its partner cities.
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