Oona O'Neill
Oona O'Neill | |
---|---|
Born | Oona Ella O'Neill 14 May 1925 Warwick Parish, Bermuda |
Died | 27 September 1991 Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland | (aged 66)
Resting place | Cimetière de Corsier-sur-Vevey, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland |
Citizenship |
|
Education | Brearley School |
Title | Lady Chaplin |
Spouse | |
Children | Geraldine, Michael, Josephine, Victoria, Eugene, Jane, Annette and Christopher |
Parents | |
Relatives | Eugene O'Neill Jr. (half-brother) |
Oona O'Neill, Lady Chaplin (14 May 1925 – 27 September 1991) was a Bermudian actress, the daughter of Irish-American playwright Eugene O'Neill and English-born writer Agnes Boulton, and the fourth and last wife of actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin.
O'Neill's parents divorced when she was four years old, after which she was raised by her mother in Point Pleasant, New Jersey, and rarely saw her father. She first came to the public eye during her time at the Brearley School in New York City between 1940 and 1942, when she was photographed attending fashionable nightclubs with her friends Carol Marcus and Gloria Vanderbilt. In 1942, she received a large amount of media attention after she was chosen as "The Number One Debutante" of the 1942–1943 season at the Stork Club. Soon after, she decided to pursue a career in acting and, after small roles in two stage productions, headed for Hollywood.
In Hollywood, O'Neill was introduced to Chaplin, who considered her for a film role. The film was never made, but O'Neill and Chaplin began a romantic relationship and married in June 1943, a month after she turned 18. The 36-year age gap between them caused a scandal and severed O'Neill's relationship with her father, who was only six months older than Chaplin and who had already strongly disapproved of her wish to become an actress. Following the marriage, O'Neill gave up her career plans. She and Chaplin had eight children together and remained married until his death. The first decade of their marriage was spent living in
Biography
Early life (1925–1942)
Oona O'Neill was born on 14 May 1925 in the British
O'Neill's early childhood was spent between Bermuda —where the family spent winters and in 1926 purchased a house, Spithead (originally the home of privateer Hezekiah Frith)— and various places on the East Coast of the United States.[4][note 1] Her parents' marriage had been for a long time strained by Eugene's alcoholism, and started to disintegrate after he had an affair with actress Carlotta Monterey while they were living in Belgrade, Maine, in the summer of 1926.[5] He rekindled his romance with Monterey during a trip to New York in the early autumn of 1927, and after a brief return to Bermuda, separated from Agnes in November.[6] Agnes and the children stayed in Bermuda until the following summer, when they moved to her parents' old house in West Point Pleasant, New Jersey. Agnes was granted a divorce in Reno, Nevada in July 1929, and three weeks later, Eugene married Monterey in France.[7]
After the divorce, O'Neill's childhood was mostly spent living with her mother and brother in West Point Pleasant and occasionally at Spithead, in which Agnes had a lifetime interest.[8] Although the divorce had granted joint custody, she seldom saw her father, and mainly communicated with him through letters, which were usually answered by Monterey.[9]
O'Neill first attended a
At Brearley, O'Neill became a close friend of
After graduating from Brearley, O'Neill declined an offer for a place to study at Vassar College and instead chose to pursue an acting career, despite her father's resistance.[20] She made her debut in a small supporting role in a production of Pal Joey at the Maplewood Theatre in New Jersey in July 1942.[21] The production was a flop and was cancelled after a two-week run.[22] Later that summer, O'Neill travelled to California with Carol Marcus, who was due to marry author William Saroyan.[23] During the trip, O'Neill briefly appeared in a production of Saroyan's play, The Time of Your Life, in San Francisco and unsuccessfully attempted to meet her father, who was living nearby.[24]
Marriage to Chaplin (1943–1977)
From San Francisco, O'Neill headed to Los Angeles, where her mother and stepfather were living.[25] She soon found herself a film agent, Minna Wallace, and made her first and only screentest, for Eugene Frenke's The Girl From Leningrad.[25] In October 1942, Wallace introduced her to Charlie Chaplin, who was looking for a lead actress for his next project, an adaptation of the play Shadow and Substance.[25] Chaplin found O'Neill beautiful but at 17, too young for the role.[26] However, due to her and Wallace's persistence, he agreed to give O'Neill a film contract.[26]
Shadow and Substance was shelved in December 1942, but the relationship between O'Neill and Chaplin soon developed from professional to romantic.[26] On 16 June 1943, a month after O'Neill had turned 18, they eloped and married in a civil service in Carpinteria.[27] The ceremony was witnessed only by Chaplin's studio secretary, Catherine Hunter, and friend and assistant, Harry Crocker.[27] Crocker photographed the event for gossip columnist Louella Parsons, to whom Chaplin had given exclusive rights to publicize news of the marriage in the hopes that she would write a more positive article about it than her rival, Hedda Hopper, who strongly disliked him.[27] The elopement received a large amount of media attention due to the 36-year age gap between O'Neill and Chaplin and because his ex-girlfriend, Joan Barry, had filed a paternity suit against him only two weeks earlier. Although Agnes had given the union her blessing, it cemented O'Neill's estrangement from her father, who disowned her and her issue and refused all future attempts of reconciliation.[28][note 4]
Following the marriage, O'Neill gave up her career plans and settled into the role of
While living in Switzerland, the Chaplins added four more children to their family: Eugene Anthony (b. August 1953), Jane Cecil (b. May 1957), Annette Emily (b. December 1959), and Christopher James (b. July 1962).[31] When Chaplin's health gradually started to fail in the late 1960s, he became increasingly dependent on Oona's support. He died of a stroke at age 88 on 25 December 1977, and was buried two days later.
In March 1978, O'Neill became the victim of an extortion plot. Chaplin's coffin was stolen from his grave by two unemployed mechanics, Roman Wardas and Gantcho Ganev, who unsuccessfully demanded a ransom from O'Neill in exchange for the body.[38] The pair were caught in a large police operation two months later, and Chaplin's unopened coffin was reinterred, having been found buried in a field in the nearby village of Noville.[38]
Later life and death (1978–1991)
Following Chaplin's death, O'Neill divided her time between Switzerland and New York.[39] She appeared in the supporting role of an alcoholic mother in the film Broken English (1981) as a favor to the film's producer, Bert Schneider, but otherwise avoided publicity.[40] According to unofficial biographer Jane Scovell and ex-daughter-in-law Patrice Chaplin, O'Neill was an alcoholic and became almost a recluse after returning permanently to Manoir de Ban in the late 1980s.[41] She died on 27 September 1991 at the age of 66 of pancreatic cancer in Corsier-sur-Vevey, and was buried next to her husband in the village cemetery. In her last will, O'Neill, who was a prolific writer of diaries and letters during her life, ordered that all her writings be destroyed, and never published.[42]
In popular culture
In film, O'Neill has been portrayed by Moira Kelly in Richard Attenborough's biographical film of Charlie Chaplin's life, Chaplin (1992), and by Zoey Deutch in the film Rebel in the Rye (2017), based on the young life of J. D. Salinger.
Onstage, she has been portrayed by
She is also one of the main characters in French author Frédéric Beigbeder's novel Oona & Salinger (2014), which is loosely based on her short romance with Salinger in the 1940s.
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ These included Ridgefield, Connecticut, where the O'Neills owned a house, Nantucket, Massachusetts, Belgrade, Maine, and New York City.
- Holly Golightly.[14]
- ^ According to Margaret Loftus Ranald, Eugene O'Neill "believed that she was exploiting his name and also that Agnes Boulton, her mother, was trying to push her into society."[19]
- ^ Eugene O'Neill also disowned Shane O'Neill, and as Eugene O'Neill Jr. died in 1950, his sole beneficiary at the time of his death in 1953 was his wife, Carlotta Monterey.[29] Already in 1926, he had granted his papers to Yale University, and after his death Monterey named the institution as the receiver of royalties from all the plays which copyrights she owned.[29] However, after Monterey's death in 1970, Oona and Shane were able to renew the copyrights to several of their father's plays, which had been copyrighted by him instead of Monterey.[29] They became the sole owners of A Moon for the Misbegotten and A Touch of the Poet, and shared ownership to several other works with Yale.[29]
References
- ^ Ranald, p. 118; Sheaffer, p. 150 and p. 179.
- ^ Scovell, p. 40
- ^ Scovell, p. 71 for Burton
- ^ Ranald, pp. 66–7; Sheaffer, pp. 180–183 and p. 203.
- ^ Sheaffer, p. 211 and p. 216 for affair; Ranald, p. 67 for disintegration of marriage.
- ^ Shaeffer, p. 270 for separation; Ranald, p. 67 for separation and Monterey.
- ^ Ranald, p. 65; Sheaffer, pp. 331–332
- ^ Ranald, p. 67 and p. 119
- ^ Ranald, p. 118; Sheaffer, p. 332 and pp. 439–440.
- ^ Sheaffer, p. 440; Scovell, p. 73.
- ^ Ranald, p. 68 and Sheaffer, p. 332 for divorce settlement and studying in Virginia; Scovell, p. 73 for name of the school.
- ^ Sheaffer, p. 508 for transfer; Scovell, p. 75 for reasons for transfer.
- ^ Scovell, p. 88 for Marcus and Vanderbilt
- ^ Clarke, pp. 94–95 and 313–314
- ^ Scovell, p. 88 for Arno; Ranald, p. 188 and Alexander, Paul. "J.D. Salinger's Women". New York. Retrieved 16 June 2013. for Salinger. Arno was 21 years older than O'Neill, and Salinger 6.
- ^ Ranald, p. 118; Sheaffer, p. 531
- ^ Sheaffer, pp. 531–532 and p. 537; Bowen, Exit Oona
- ^ Ranald, p. 118 and Sheaffer, pp. 531–2 for O'Neill's reaction; Bowen, Exit Oona for preventing her from signing a film contract.
- ^ Ranald, p. 118
- ^ Scovell, p. 83 for Vassar; Sheaffer, p. 537, for everything else.
- ^ Ranald, p. 188; Sheaffer, p. 537; Bowen, Exit Oona.
- ^ Bowen, Exit Oona
- ^ Sheaffer, p. 537; Bowen, Exit Oona.
- ^ Sheaffer, p. 537 for attempting to meet father; Bowen, Exit Oona, for play.
- ^ a b c Robinson, p. 518
- ^ a b c Robinson, p. 519
- ^ a b c Robinson, pp. 521–522
- ^ Ranald, p. 118; Sheaffer, p. 623 and 658.
- ^ a b c d Ranald, p. 119 and Gelb, Barbara (5 May 1974). "A Mint From the 'Misbegotten'". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
- ^ Robinson, p. 574
- ^ a b Robinson, pp. 671–675
- ^ Robinson, p. 569 for acting as a stand-in
- ^ Maland, pp. 265–266
- ^ Maland, p. 280
- ^ Robinson, p. 580
- ^ Dale Bechtel (2002). "Film legend found peace on Lake Geneva". www.swissinfo.ch/eng. Vevey. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ^ Robinson, p. 584
- ^ a b Robinson, pp. 629–631
- ^ Scovell, p. 295
- ^ Vance, Jeffrey (2003). Chaplin: Genius of the Cinema. New York: Harry N. Abrams, pg. 262.
- ^ Scovell, p. 274 and Lynn, pp. 519–520 and pp. 540–541 for alcoholism. O'Neill's ex-daughter-in-law, Patrice Chaplin, has also written about her alcoholism in Hidden Star: Oona O'Neill Chaplin – A Memoir. See review: Arditti, Michael (8 July 1995). "A drunken widow in a gilded cage". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2013..
- ^ "Geraldine Chaplin". El Mundo. 6 February 2000. Retrieved 14 July 2013. and Scovell, p. 259.
- ^ "Limelight – The Story of Charlie Chaplin". La Jolla Playhouse. Archived from the original on 21 July 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
- ^ "Chaplin – A Musical". Barrymore Theatre. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
Sources
- Bowen, Croswell (1959). The Curse of the Misbegotten – A Tale of the House of O'Neill. London: McGraw & Hill. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
- ISBN 978-0-241-12549-6.
- ISBN 0-684-80851-X.
- Maland, Charles J. (1989). Chaplin and American Culture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02860-5.
- Ranald, Margaret Loftus (1985). The Eugene O'Neill Companion. Westport, Connecticut and London, England: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-22551-6.
- ISBN 0-586-08544-0.
- ISBN 0-446-67541-5.
- Sheaffer, Louis (1973). O'Neill: Son and Artist. Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown & Company. ISBN 0-316-78336-6.
External links
- Oona O'Neill at IMDb
- Oona O'Neill at the National Portrait Gallery in London
- O'Neill's screentest for The Girl From Leningrad in 1942
- Obituary in The New York Times, 28 September 1991