Opera (web browser)
Developer(s) | Opera |
---|---|
Initial release | 10 April 1995[1] |
Stable release | 114.0.5282.94[2]
/ 9 October 2024 |
Preview release |
107.0.5045.11 (February 1, 2024[3][4][5])
|
Written in | C++[9] |
Engines | Blink (formerly Presto), V8 |
Operating system | Windows 10 or later,[10] macOS, Linux, (Formerly FreeBSD, Nintendo Wii, Nintendo DS, and Nintendo DS Lite) |
Available in | 42 languages |
Type | Web browser |
License | Freeware |
Website | Opera.com |
Opera is a multi-platform
Opera was first released on Monday, April 10th 1995, making it one of the oldest desktop web browsers to ever exist. It was commercial software for its first ten years and had its own proprietary layout engine, Presto. In 2013, it switched from the Presto engine to Chromium. In 2016, Opera, developed in Norway, became a subsidiary of an investment group led by a Chinese consortium.[20] In 2018, Opera Software went public on the NASDAQ stock exchange. By the end of 2022, the consortium sold all of its shares, and Opera in turn committed to repurchase all of its American Depository Shares to reestablish its corporate autonomy.[21][22] As of the end of 2023, Opera Software was 72.4% owned by Kunlun, a Chinese public company, making it a subsidiary of that company. Opera CEO James Yahui Zhou is a controlling shareholder in Kunlun.[23]
In 2019, Opera introduced Opera GX, a browser marketed towards gamers, claiming to have better performance with a built-in tracker and ad blocker and also having a CPU and RAM usage limiter.[24]
History
In 1994, Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner and Geir Ivarsøy started developing the Opera web browser while working at Telenor, a Norwegian telecommunications company.[25][26]
In 1995, they founded
Opera 4.0, released in 2000,[28] included a new cross-platform core that facilitated the creation of editions of Opera for multiple operating systems and platforms.[31]
To this point, Opera was
With version 8.5, released in 2005, the ads were completely removed, and the browser's primary financial support came through revenue from Google (by contract, Opera's default search engine).[33]
Among new features introduced in version 9.1, released in 2006, was fraud protection using technology from
In 2006, Opera Software ASA was released as well as
A new
On 16 December 2010, Opera 11 was released, featuring extensions,[44] tab stacking (where dragging one tab over another allowed creating a group of tabs), visual mouse gestures and changes to the address bar.[45] Opera 12 was released on 14 June 2012.[46]
On 12 February 2013, Opera Software announced that it would drop its own
On 28 May 2013, a beta release of Opera 15 was made available,[49] the first version based on the Chromium project.[50][51] Many distinctive Opera features of the previous versions were dropped, and Opera Mail was separated into a standalone application derived from Opera 12.[52]
In 2016, Opera was acquired by an investment group led by a Chinese consortium, the consortium included several Chinese companies such as Kunlun Tech and Qihoo 360. On July 27, 2018, Opera Software went
In January 2017, the source code of Opera 12.15, one of the last few versions still based on the Presto layout engine, was leaked.[54]
To demonstrate how radically different a browser could look, Opera Neon, dubbed a "concept browser", was released in January 2017. PC World compared it to demo models that automakers and hardware vendors release to show their visions of the future. Instead of a Speed Dial Browsing feature it displays the frequently accessed websites in resemblance to a desktop with computer icons scattered over it in an artistic formation.[55][56]
On 10 May 2017, Opera 45 was released. Notably this was the last version of the browser compatible with 32-bit Linux distributions, with later versions requiring a 64-bit Linux distribution. This version, inspired by the previous Opera Neon design, was called "Opera Reborn" and which redoes parts of the user interface, such as adding light and dark modes, and integrates the messenger applications Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, and Telegram. Additionally, new ad-blocking settings were added along with security changes.[57]
On 4 January 2018, Opera 50 was released. This version updated the browser to utilize the built-in ad blocker to provide
On 9 April 2019, Opera 60 was released. This version, codenamed Reborn 3, focused on moving the browser towards a more minimal design, further improving the free VPN service, and was marketed as being the "World's first Web3 ready browser", as it included out of the box integrations with blockchain and cryptocurrency applications.[59]
On 21 May 2019, Opera GX is announced and opened for early access. The only information available in this announcement is that the browser would be a special version of the browser aimed at those who play games. The early-access program was opened on 11 June 2019.[60][61]
On 24 June 2021, Opera 77, codenamed Opera R5, was released. As one of the larger updates to the browser, it added more music streaming services in the sidebar, integrating native support for Apple Music, Spotify, YouTube Music, Tidal, SoundCloud, and Gaana. The "Pinboards" feature was also added, letting users create a shareable collection of websites, images, links, and notes in a visual form. A video popout feature was also added for video conferencing, which happens automatically when switching tabs, popping out of the window when navigating away and popping back in when navigating back.[62] Later, in Opera 83 released on 19 January 2022, this feature would be implemented for all video players, not just video conferencing platforms.[63]
On 31 Jan 2023, Opera announced that given the discontinuation of support for
On 22 March 2023, Opera and Opera GX incorporated features with AI-powered tools. These features include AI Prompts that are suggested to the user, and sidebar access to ChatGPT and ChatSonic. The prompts show up on sites that contain content like articles, offering to shorten the text or summarize them.[65]
On 20 June 2023, Opera launched Opera 100, codenamed Opera One, a version of the browser built from the ground up around AI which was unveiled on 25 April 2023. This browser includes a native AI called Aria, a GPT-based AI engine that was developed collaboratively with OpenAI that sifts through web information, generates text and code, and much more in the browser. Tab islands were also introduced, allowing browser tabs to be grouped together, bookmarked, collapsed, and more. Major UI changes were made, and a Multithreaded Compositor was introduced, allowing the browser to function and render in animations much smoother than it was previously capable.[66][67][68]
Features
Opera has originated features later adopted by other web browsers, including: Speed Dial, pop-up blocking, reopening recently closed pages,
Built-in messengers
Opera's desktop browser includes access to social media messaging apps WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook Messenger, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, and VK.[73][74]
Usability and accessibility
Opera includes a bookmarks bar and a download manager. It also has "Speed Dial" which allows the user to add an unlimited number of pages shown in thumbnail form in a page displayed when a new tab is opened.[69][70][75]
Opera was one of the first browsers to support
Opera Turbo, a feature that compresses requested web pages (except HTTPS pages) before sending them to the users,[77] is no longer available on the desktop browser. Opera Turbo is available in Opera Mini, the mobile browser.[78]
Privacy and security
One security feature is the option to delete private data, such as HTTP cookies, browsing history, items in cache and passwords with the click of a button.[79]
When visiting a site, Opera displays a security badge in the address bar which shows details about the website, including security certificates.[80] Opera's fraud and malware protection warns the user about suspicious web pages and is enabled by default. It checks the requested page against several databases of known phishing and malware websites, called blacklists.[80]
In 2016, a free virtual private network (VPN) service was implemented in the browser.[81] Opera said that this would allow encrypted access to websites otherwise blocked, and provide security on public WiFi networks.[82][83] It was later determined that the browser VPN operated as a web proxy rather than a VPN, meaning that it only secured connections made by the browser and not by any other apps on the computer.[84]
Crypto-wallet support
In 2018, a built-in
In March 2020, Opera updated its Android browser to access .crypto domains (IPFS), making it the first browser to be able to support a domain name system (DNS) which is not part of the traditional DNS directly without the need of a plugin or add-on.[88] This was through a collaboration with a San Francisco based startup, Unstoppable Domains.[89][90] In 2021 iOS and desktop versions have support for IPFS.[91]
In January 2022, Opera introduced Opera Crypto Browser into public beta, combining a non-custodial wallet with a dedicated browser for blockchain-enabled services and Web3 technologies.[92] On 14 April 2022, Opera launched its Crypto Browser available on iOS devices.[93] As of 2023, Opera Crypto Browser has been discontinued, with the browser's features being integrated into Opera and Opera GX.
AI chatbot
In 2023, Opera added an
Other versions
Opera GX
Opera Software Poland | |
Initial release | 11 June 2019 |
---|---|
Stable release(s) | |
Android 9.0 or later iOS 15.5 or later | |
Type | Web browser |
License | Freeware |
Website | www |
Opera GX is a gaming-oriented alternative to Opera. The browser was announced on 21 May 2019 and released in early access for Windows on 11 June 2019, during E3 2019. The macOS version was released in December of the same year.[94][95][60]
Opera GX adds features geared toward gamers and other audiences, with the regular Opera browser features included. The limiter allows users to limit network, CPU, and memory usage to preserve system resources. GX Cleaner is a tool that is said to allow users to clear
On 5 September 2019, Opera won a Red Dot award in the Interface and User Experience Design category for Opera GX. Around the same time, Opera GX also marked its first one million downloads.[99]
On 20 May 2021, a mobile version of Opera GX was released on iOS and Android.[100]
On 12 November of the same year, Opera GX Mobile was awarded another Red Dot award in both the Apps category and the Interface and User Experience Design: Mobile UIs category.[101]
On August 19, 2023, Opera GX introduced a VTuber named GX Aura for their social media accounts; she later became the mascot for the browser.[102][103]
On November 28 of the same year, Opera GX launched a new advertising campaign titled "Bury Boring", featuring actor and comedian Eric André smashing and burying computers not using Opera GX.[104][105] The advertising campaign also included a splash screen whenever the browser is launched during the campaign with slashing sounds and André yelling out the browser's name. While well received by many of its user base, many criticized Opera GX's actions. In the browser's subreddit, many users complained about the loud volume of the splash screen and that the splash screen could not be bypassed unless the execution file was deleted.[106][107][108][109]
Development stages
Opera Software uses a release cycle consisting of three "streams", corresponding to phases of development, that can be downloaded and installed independently of each other: "developer", "beta", and "stable". New features are first introduced in the
The developer stream allows early testing of new features, mainly targeting developers, extension creators, and early adopters. Opera developer is not intended for everyday browsing as it is unstable and is prone to failure or crashing, but it enables advanced users to try out new features that are still under development, without affecting their normal installation of the browser. New versions of the browser are released frequently, usually a few times a week.[111]
The beta stream, formerly known as "Opera Next", is a
Market adoption
Integrations
In 2005,
Opera is the fifth most popular web-browser.[119][120] As of April 2021, Opera's offerings had over 320 million active users.[121]
Reception
The Opera browser has been listed as a "tried and tested direct alternative to Chrome".[122] It scores close to Chrome on the HTML5test, which scores browsers' compatibility with different web standards.[120]
Versions with the Presto layout engine have been positively reviewed,[123][124][125] although they have been criticized for website compatibility issues.[126][127] Because of this issue, Opera 8.01 and higher had included workarounds to help certain popular but problematic web sites display properly.[128][129]
Versions with the Blink layout engine have been criticized by some users for missing features such as
See also
Opera browser platform variants:
- Opera Mini: a browser for tablets and telephones
- Opera Mobile: a browser for tablets and telephones
Related other browsers:
- Otter Browser: an open-source browser that recreates some aspects of the classic Opera
- Vivaldi: a freeware browser created by the former CEO of Opera Software and former Opera Software employees
Related topics:
- History of the web browser
- List of pop-up blocking software
- List of web browsers
- Timeline of web browsers
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{{cite press release}}
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