White revolution (India)
White Revolution or Operation Flood, launched on 13 January 1970, was the world's largest dairy development program and a landmark project of India's
Introduction and objective
Operation Flood is the program that led to "White Revolution." It created a national milk grid linking producers throughout India to consumers in over 700 towns and cities and reducing seasonal and regional price variations while ensuring that producers get a major share of the profit by eliminating the middlemen. At the bedrock of Operation Flood stands the village milk producers' co-operatives, which procure milk and provide inputs and services, making modern management and technology available to all the members.
Operation Flood's objectives included:-
- Increase in milk production
- Augmented rural incomes
- Fair prices for consumers [9]
- Increased income and reduced poverty among participating farmers while ensuring steady supply of milk in return
Program implementation
Operation Flood was implemented in Three phases:
Phase I
Phase I (1970–1980) was financed by the sale of
- Improving the organized dairy sector in metropolitan cities Mumbai (then Bombay), Kolkata (then Calcutta), Chennai (then Madras), and Delhi through marketing,
- An increase in producers' share in the milk market,
- The speeding up of the development of dairy animals in rural areas to increase both production and procurement.
Phase II
Operation Flood Phase II (1981–1985) increased the number of milk sheds from 18 to 136; urban markets also expanded the outlets for milk to 290. By the end of 1985, a self-sustaining system of 43000 village co-operatives with 4,250,000 milk producers was covered. Domestic milk powder production increased from 22,000 tons in the pre-project year to 140,000 tons by 1989, with all of this increase coming from dairies set up under Operation Flood. In this way, EEC gifts and a World Bank loan helped in promoting self-reliance. Direct marketing of milk by producers' co-operatives also increased by several million liters a day.
Phase III
Phase III (1985–1996) enabled dairy co-operatives to expand and strengthen the infrastructure required to procure and market increasing volumes of milk. Veterinary first-aid health care services, feed, and artificial insemination services for co-operative members were extended, along with intensified member education. Operation Flood's Phase III consolidated India's dairy co-operative movement, adding 30,000 new dairy co-operatives to the 43,000 existing co-operatives organized during Phase II. The number of milk sheds peaked at 173 in 1988–89, with the numbers of female members and female Dairy Co-operative Societies increasing significantly. Phase III also increased emphasis on research and development in animal health and nutrition. Innovations such as a vaccine for Theileriosis, bypassing protein feed and urea-molasses mineral blocks, contributed to the enhanced productivity of milk-producing animals.[9]
See also
References
- ISBN 81-7036-773-5. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
- ^ "India largest milk producing nation in 2010–11: hash". Hindustan Times. 20 December 2011. Archived from the original on 6 October 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
- ^ "Milk Production by country".
- ISBN 978-0-8213-6876-3. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
- ^ Pendleton, Andrew; Narayanan, Pradeep. "The white revolution : milk in India" (PDF). Taking liberties: poor people, free trade and trade justice. Christian Aid. p. 35. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
- ^ "Father of white revolution Verghese Kurien dies". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013.
- ISBN 978-0-8213-6876-3. Retrieved 13 January 2021.organization.
If there was one technological breakthrough that revolutionized India's organized dairy industry, it was the making of skim milk powder out of buffalo milk. The man who made this possible, and who had the foresight to defy the prevailing technical wisdom, was H. M. Dalaya. While the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union is usually associated with its founder, Tribhuvandas Patel, it was Dalaya who provided the real technical backbone to the Amul
- ISBN 978-0-8213-6876-3. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
- ^ a b c "About NDDB". Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
- ^ "Milk and Milk Products Technology: Operation Flood (OF) Programme". ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in. Retrieved 4 April 2019.