Order of the Star (France)

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14th-century depiction of the Order's founding meeting (Bibliothèque nationale de France)

The Order of the Star (

Saint-Ouen, from which it is sometimes called the Order of Knights of the Noble House of Saint Ouen.[3][2]

History

The order was established under sanction of Pope Clement VI by the king to garner support from noblemen upset at his abrupt execution of the popular Constable of France Raoul II shortly after his coronation in 1350.[2] It was poorly received with the January 6 meeting being the only meeting as it suffered from poor attendance of invitee.[2] Even worse was the fact that a small English force took the castle of Guînes while its captain, the Sire of Bavilenghem, attended the meeting.[2] As a result in October 1352, he recast it in religious terms with a chapter of clergy to celebrate the divine order, funded by lands and wealth seized in prosecution of crimes of lèse-majesté.[2] However in the end, the king granted little of the wealth promised, finding it more profitable to use confiscated or forfeited lands to buy off noblemen's loyalties.[2]

The order was inspired by

Battle of Poitiers in 1356 cost the king his freedom when many, if not most, of his fellow knights of the Star lost their lives. The Order fell rapidly into disuse during John's captivity in London, but afterwards the nominal ranks swelled so enormously that by the time of Charles V
its bestowal was meaningless.

Dress

Ceremonial cloth of a knight of the Order (François de Poilly, Reconstruction of the 17th century) [4]

The badge of the order was a collar with a white star on red enamel; the device Monstrant regibus astra viam ("the star[s] show the way to kings") refers to the

bezel
was circular; within it an eight-pointed star in white enamel extending past the diameter of the bezel, and within the star a roundel of azure containing a small yellow sun. The name of the knight to whom the ring belonged was inscribed on the outside of the ring around this bezel, presumably so it could be sent back to the king to identify the particular knight who had died in battle. While the Order itself was short-lived, the use of an eight-pointed star worn on the left breast became very influential in the design of the insignia of many later orders of chivalry and still later orders of merit.

The Order also had a red banner sprinkled with white eight-pointed stars and bearing an image of the Virgin at its center.

See also

References

  • Boulton, D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre. The Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe, 1325–1520. 2nd ed. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 2000.
    ISBN 0-85115-795-5
  • "Ordre de l'Étoile". Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie, edd. Marie-Nicolas Bouillet and Alexis Chassang. Paris: Hachette, 1878.
  • Ordre de l'Étoile, Orders of Chivalry in France.
  • Gustav Adolph Ackermann, Ordensbuch, Sämtlicher in Europa blühender und erloschener Orden und Ehrenzeichen. Annaberg, 1855, p 209 n°86 "Orden Unserer liebe Frau von dem edlen Haus" or "Sternorden" - Google Books (Former orders of France : p. 205-214)

Notes

  1. ^ de Laurière, Eusèbe; Secousse, Denis-François (1729). Ordonnances des roys de France de la troisième race, receuillies par order chronologique (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Royale. pp. 465–6.
  2. ^
    ISSN 1538-4608
    .
  3. ^ In French the order was initially called les Chevaliers de Nostre Dame de la Noble Maison ("the Knights of Our Lady of the Noble House"). In Latin the order was referred to in early documents as consortium seu societatem militem Beate Marie Nobilis Domus apud Sanctum Odoenum prope Sanctum Dyonisium in Francia ("the knightly company or society of the Blessed Mary of the Noble House at Saint-Ouen near Saint-Denis in France") in a letter founding its canonical institute, and inclite Stellifere Congregationis nostre militaris apud Sanctum Audoenum in Domo Nobili ("illustrious Starbearing Knightly Congregation in the Noble House at Saint-Ouen") in a letter of June 1356, from Ursula Georges, Medieval Names of Some Knightly Orders.
  4. ^ Maximilien Bullot & Pierre Hélyot, "Histoire des ordres monastiques, religieux et militaires, et des congregations seculieres de l'un & l'autre sexe, qui ont esté establies jusque'à present", Engravings by François de Poilly, Ed. Nicolas Gosselin, Paris, 1719, 8th Tome, - Google Books : 6th Part, p 308
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