Organomegaly

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Organomegaly is the abnormal enlargement of

organs. For example, cardiomegaly is enlargement of the heart. Visceromegaly is the enlargement of abdominal organs.[1] Examples of visceromegaly are enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), spleen (splenomegaly
), stomach, kidneys, and pancreas.

Definitions for various organs

Values refer to adults unless otherwise specified.

Organ Term for enlargement
Cutoff
for definition
Abdominal aorta Ectasia or mild dilation

>2.0 cm and <3.0 cm[2]

Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • Moderate AAA: 3.0–5.0 cm[2]
  • Large or severe AAA: >5.0[2] or 5.5.[3] cm
Common bile duct Dilatation
  • Mild dilatation:[4] 8–12 mm
  • Moderate dilatation:[4] 12–16 mm
  • Severe dilatation:[4] 16–20 mm
  • Extremely severe dilatation:[4] >20 mm
Gallbladder Wall thickening 3 mm wall thickness[5]
Hydrops Greater than 5 cm transverse dimension[6]
Heart Cardiomegaly
  • cardiothoracic ratio over 0.5.[7]
  • Autopsy: Cardiomegaly has been suggested when the heart weighs more than >399 grams in women and >449 grams in men.[8]
Large intestine Dilation

Upper limit of normal range of diameter:[9]

Wall thickening Wall thickness 5 mm[10]
Kidneys Enlargement
Sex Upper limit of standard reference range
Right kidney Left kidney
Men[12] 160 g (5.6 oz) 175 g (6.2 oz)
Women[13] 175 g (6.2 oz) 190 g (6.7 oz)
Liver Hepatomegaly
  • midclavicular line[14]
  • Autopsy: Weight over upper limit of standard reference range, of 1,860 g (4.10 lb) in men[12] and 1,770 g (3.90 lb) in women.[13]
Lymph nodes Lymphadenopathy Generally 10 mm[15][16]
(see Lymphadenopathy) for detailed values)
Renal pelvis Part of hydronephrosis grading 4 – 20 mm:
  • gestational age and 7 mm afterwards.[17]
  • Adults:
    cutoff values defined differently by different sources, with anteroposterior diameters ranging between 10 and 20 mm.[18] About 13% of normal healthy adults have a transverse pelvic diameter of over 10 mm.[19]
Prostate Prostatomegaly Volume over 30 cm3.
Pulmonary artery Dilation >29 mm[20]
Small intestine Dilation
  • Mild: 2.5–2.9 cm[23]
  • Moderate: 3-4 cm[23]
  • Severe: >4 cm[23]
  • 3 cm on
    geometric magnification compared to CT[25]
    )
Wall thickening 3–5 mm[26]
Spleen Splenomegaly
  • Moderate splenomegaly: the largest dimension is between 11–20 cm[27]
  • Severe splenomegaly: the largest dimension is greater than 20 cm[27]
  • Autopsy: Weight over upper limit of standard reference range, of 230 g (8.1 oz)[12][13]
Thoracic aorta Dilation Diameters:
  • >3.5 cm generally[30]

Upper limits of

standard reference range
:

  • 3.3 cm in small young individuals[31]
  • 4.3 cm among large elderly individuals.[31]
  • Descending thoracic aorta
    ,
  • 2.3 cm among small young individuals[31]
  • 3.2 cm among large elderly individuals.[31]
Thoracic aortic aneurysm Diameter:
  • > 4.5 cm (US)[30]
  • > 4.0 cm (Korea)[32]
Testis
Enlargement
 5 cm (long axis) x 3 cm (short axis)[33]
Tonsil Enlarged tonsil 2.5 cm in length, 2.0 cm in width and 1.2 cm in thickness.[34]
Ureter Megaureter 6[35] or 7[36] mm
Urinary bladder
 Wall thickening 3–5 mm thick, and < 3 mm when well distended.[37]

References

  1. ^ "Visceromegaly on Medline Plus". Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  2. ^
    ISBN 9780323278171
    .
  3. PMID 15757960
    .
  4. ^ a b c d Yunfu Lv, Wan Yee Lau, Haiying Wu, Shunwu Chang, NingLiu, Yejuan Li, Jie Deng (2015). "Etiological Causes of Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Bile Duct Dilatation" (PDF). International Journal of New Technology and Research (IJNTR). 1 (8).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. PMID 17242260
    .
  6. ISBN 9780683045451
    .
  7. PMID 17164481
    .
  8. PMID 20953090
    .
  9. PMID 20689513
    .
  10. PMID 24407923
    .
  11. ^ Yuranga Weerakkody; Henry Knipe; et al. "Kidneys". Radiopaedia. Retrieved 2017-11-13.
  12. ^
    S2CID 32174574
    .
  13. ^
    S2CID 25319215
    .
  14. PMID 25987748
    .
  15. PMID 20080453
    .
  16. PMID 17724531
    .
  17. ISBN 9789351523376
    .
  18. ISBN 9780702048722
    .
  19. PMID 8369185
    .
  20. ^ Frank Gaillard; et al. "Pulmonary hypertension". Radiopaedia. Retrieved 2017-05-27.
  21. ^ a b Ali Nawaz Khan (2016-09-22). "Small-Bowel Obstruction Imaging". Medscape. Retrieved 2017-02-07.
  22. PMID 8273687
    .
  23. ^
    PMID 27403434
    .
  24. ^ "Abdominal X-ray - Abnormal bowel gas pattern". radiologymasterclass.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-02-07.
  25. PMID 28107468
    .
  26. ^ Ali Nawaz Khan. "Small-Bowel Obstruction Imaging". Medscape. Retrieved 2017-03-07. Updated: Sep 22, 2016
  27. ^ a b c Neetu Radhakrishnan (2018-07-25). "Splenomegaly". Medscape. Updated Apr. 2012 (referring the classification system to Poulin et al.
  28. ISBN 9783540671367
    .
  29. PMID 22096219
    .
  30. ^ a b Bret P Nelson (2015-10-01). "Thoracic Aneurysm". Medscape. Retrieved 2017-04-16.
  31. ^
    PMID 19356429
    .
  32. PMID 24876857
    .
  33. ISBN 9781455737666
    .
  34. ISBN 9781447133322
    .
  35. ^ "Enlarged ureter". Greifswald Medical School. 2015-12-18. Archived from the original on 2017-02-07. Retrieved 2017-02-06.
  36. ISBN 9780323400428
    .
  37. ISBN 9781848828360
    .
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