Ornithocheiroidea

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Ornithocheiroids
Temporal range:
Ma
Possible Late Jurassic record[1]
Restored skeleton of
Thalassodromeus sethi, with Anhanguera
behind
Skeletal cast of
Tropeognathus mesembrinus in the National Museum of Brazil
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: Pterosauria
Suborder: Pterodactyloidea
Infraorder: Eupterodactyloidea
Clade: Ornithocheiroidea
Seeley, 1870
Subgroups

Ornithocheiroidea (or ornithocheiroids) is a group of pterosaurs within the extinct suborder Pterodactyloidea. They were typically large pterosaurs that lived from the Early to Late Cretaceous periods (Valanginian to Maastrichtian stages), with fossil remains found all over the world except Antarctica.

Ornithocheiroids were the most advanced group of pterosaurs, as the group includes the clade

.

Classification

The name Ornithocheiroidea was originally defined as an

Istiodactylus latidens, and their descentants.[3] Brian Andres (2008, 2010, 2014) in his analyses, defined Ornithocheiroidea using the definition of Kellner (2003) to avoid confusion with similarly-defined groups, like Pteranodontoidea.[4][5]

Below is a

phylogenetic analysis presented by Longrich and colleagues in 2018. They found Ornithocheiroidea to consist of the clades Pteranodontoidea and Azhdarchoidea, as well as the genus Piksi.[6]

Eupterodactyloidea

Haopterus gracilis

Ornithocheiroidea

Piksi barbarulna

Pteranodontoidea
Pteranodontia
Pteranodontidae

Tethydraco regalis

Pteranodon longiceps

Pteranodon sternbergi

Nyctosauridae

Alamodactylus byrdi

Volgadraco bogolubovi

Cretornis hlavaci

Alcione elainus

Simurghia robusta

Muzquizopteryx coahuilensis

Barbaridactylus grandis

Nyctosaurus lamegoi

Nyctosaurus nanus

Nyctosaurus gracilis

Ornithocheiromorpha

Hongshanopterus lacustris

Lonchodectidae

Lonchodraco giganteus

Lonchodectes compressirostris

Boreopteridae

Boreopterus cuiae

Zhenyuanopterus longirostris

Lanceodontia
Istiodactylidae

Nurhachius ignaciobritoi

Liaoxipterus brachyognathus

Istiodactylus sinensis

Istiodactylus latidens

Aetodactylus halli

Cimoliopterus dunni

Cimoliopterus cuvieri

Anhangueria
Azhdarchoidea
Tapejaromorpha

Bennettazhia oregonensis

Tapejaridae
Tapejarinae

Tapejara wellnhoferi

Europejara olcadesorum

Vectidraco daisymorrisae

Caiuajara dobruskii

Tupandactylus navigans

Tupandactylus imperator

Bakonydraco galaczi

"Huaxiapterus" benxiensis

"Huaxiapterus" corollatus

Eopteranodon lii

Huaxiapterus jii

Sinopterus dongi

Neoazhdarchia
Dsungaripteromorpha
Dsungaripteridae
Dsungaripterinae

Dsungaripterus weii

Domeykodactylus ceciliae

Noripterinae

Noripterus parvus

Noripterus complicidens

Thalassodromidae

Tupuxuara longicristatus

Tupuxuara leonardii

Thalassodromeus sethi

Alanqa saharica

Aerotitan sudamericanus

Neopterodactyloidea
Chaoyangopteridae

Microtuban altivolans

Chaoyangopterinae

Eoazhdarcho liaoxiensis

Radiodactylus langstoni

Azhdarchidae

Montanazhdarcho minor

Azhdarcho lancicollis

Phosphatodraco mauritanicus

Aralazhdarcho bostobensis

Eurazhdarcho langendorfensis

aff. Quetzalcoatlus

Zhejiangopterus linhaiensis

Arambourgiania philadelphiae

Hatzegopteryx thambema

Quetzalcoatlus spp.

In 2019, a phylogenetic analysis conducted by Kellner and colleagues had recovered Ornithocheiroidea as the sister taxon of the Archaeopterodactyloidea, and consisting of the clades Tapejaroidea and Pteranodontoidea.[7] Several recent studies have followed this or a similar concept.[8][9][10] The cladogram of the analysis by Kellner and colleagues is presented below:

Pterodactyloidea

Archaeopterodactyloidea

Ornithocheiroidea
Pteranodontoidea
Pteranodontia
Pteranodontidae

Pteranodon longiceps

Tethydraco regalis

Nyctosauridae

Nyctosaurus gracilis

Muzquizopteryx coahuilensis

Lanceodontia

Hongshanopterus lacustris

Istiodactylidae

Nurhachius ignaciobritoi

Istiodactylinae

Istiodactylus latidens

Istiodactylus sinensis

Haopterus gracilis

Lonchodraco giganteus

Ikrandraco avatar

Ornithocheirae

Ornithocheirus simus

Cimoliopterus cuvieri

Anhangueria

Camposipterus sedgwickii

Hamipteridae

Hamipterus tianshanensis

Iberodactylus andreui

Anhangueridae

Tropeognathus mesembrinus

Coloborhynchinae

Coloborhynchus clavirostris

Uktenadactylus wadleighi

Anhanguerinae

Caulkicephalus trimicrodon

Guidraco venator

Ludodactylus sibbicki

Liaoningopterus gui

Cearadactylus atrox

Maaradactylus kellneri

AMNH
22555

Anhanguera blittersdorffi

Anhanguera piscator

Tapejaroidea
Dsungaripteridae

Dsungaripterus weii

Noripterus parvus

Azhdarchoidea
Azhdarchidae

Azhdarcho lancicollis

Quetzalcoatlus sp.

Zhejiangopterus linhaiensis

Chaoyangopteridae

Chaoyangopterus zhangi

Jidapterus edentus

Shenzhoupterus chaoyangensis

Tapejaromorpha

Keresdrakon vilsoni

Tapejaridae
Thalassodrominae

Thalassodromeus sethi

Tupuxuara leonardii

Tapejarinae

Caupedactylus ybaka

Aymberedactylus cearensis

Eopteranodon lii

"Huaxiapterus" benxiensis

"Huaxiapterus" corollatus

Sinopterus dongi

Tapejarini

Europejara olcadesorum

Caiuajara dobruskii

Tapejara wellnhoferi

Tupandactylus imperator

References

  1. ^ Unwin, David M.; Heinrich, Wolf-Dieter (1999). "On a pterosaur jaw from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania)". Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe. 2: 121–134.
  2. ^ Kellner, A. W. A., (2003): Pterosaur phylogeny and comments on the evolutionary history of the group. pp. 105-137. — in Buffetaut, E. & Mazin, J.-M., (eds.): Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 217, London, 1-347
  3. ^ Andres, Brian Blake (2014). Systematics of the Pterosauria. Yale University. p. 366. A preview that shows the cladogram without clade names
  4. PMID 24768054
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