Ornithopoda

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Ornithopods
Temporal range:
Ma
Mounted skeleton of Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus, Field Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: †Ornithischia
Clade: †Cerapoda
Clade: †Ornithopoda
Marsh, 1881
Subgroups
Synonyms[1]

Ornithopoda (

avian dinosaurs. Members are known from all seven continents, though they are generally common in the Southern Hemisphere
.

History of research

In 1870,

Vectisaurus. In Hadrosauridae, he included Hadrosaurus, Cionodon, and tentatively Agathaumas.[7]

Description

Three-toed feet of Iguanodon

Ornithopoda means "bird feet", from the

Othnielosaurus, Parksosaurus, Talenkauen, Thescelosaurus,[10] and Macrogryphosaurus to date.[11]

The early ornithopods were only about 1 metre (3 feet) long, but probably very fast. They had a stiff tail, like the

paraphyletic. As such, the hypsilophodont family is currently represented only by Hypsilophodon.[12]

Later ornithopods became larger, but never rivalled the incredible size of the long-necked, long-tailed

metric tons/25 short tons
), but never grew much beyond 15 metres (50 feet).

Classification

Size of a variety of numerous ornithopods
elasmarian
iguanodont
dryosaurid
ornithopod from the Jurassic
styracosternan
lambeosaurine
hadrosaur, and one of the last ornithopods

Historically, most indeterminate ornithischian

bipeds were lumped in as ornithopods. Most have since been reclassified.[citation needed
]

Taxonomy

Ornithopoda is usually given the rank of Suborder, within the order Ornithischia. While ranked taxonomy has largely fallen out of favour among dinosaur paleontologists, some researchers have continued to employ such a classification, though sources have differed on what its rank should be. Benton (2004) placed it as an infraorder within the suborder Cerapoda (originally named as an unranked clade), while others, such as Ibiricu et al. 2010, have retained it at its traditional ranking of suborder.[13]

Phylogeny

In 2021, Ornithopoda was given a formal definition under the

Triceratops horridus."[1]
The cladogram below follows a 2017 analysis by Madzia et al.:[14]

Clypeodonta

References

  1. ^
    PMID 34966571
    .
  2. ^ "Ornithopoda". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
  3. ^ "ornithopod". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021.
  4. ^ "ornithopod". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
  5. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.60499
    .
  6. doi:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1870.026.01-02.09 – via Wikisource
    .
  7. ^
    S2CID 130836648
    .
  8. ^ Marsh, Othniel C. (1885). "Names of extinct reptiles" (PDF). American Journal of Science. 29: 169.
  9. ^ Colbert, Edwin H. (Edwin Harris); Knight, Charles Robert (1951). The dinosaur book: the ruling reptiles and their relatives. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 152.
  10. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.02.002
    .
  11. ^ Calvo, J. O.; Porfiri, J. D.; Novas, F. E. (2007). "Discovery of a new ornithopod dinosaur from the Portezuelo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina". Arquivos do Museu Nacional. 65 (4): 471–483.
  12. doi:10.1080/10292389209380426
    .
  13. S2CID 53407321
    .
  14. S2CID 90008574
    .

External links
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