Ornithostoma

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Ornithostoma
Temporal range:
Ma
↓
Holotype rostrum fragment
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: †Pterosauria
Suborder: †Pterodactyloidea
Clade: †Azhdarchoidea
Genus: †Ornithostoma
Seeley, 1871
Species:
†O. sedgwicki
Binomial name
†Ornithostoma sedgwicki
Seeley, 1891
Synonyms

Ornithostoma (meaning "bird mouth") is a

pteranodontid Pteranodon due to its toothless anatomy and prior naming.[1]

History

In 1869,

genolectotype from the three fragments, the holotype of the type species: specimen CAMSM B.54485.[5]

life restoration of O. ingens from 1904, now considered Pteranodon

Samuel Wendell Williston in 1893 independently also considered Ornithostoma a synonym of Pteranodon ingens. He therefore renamed Pteranodon species: Ornithostoma ingens (Marsh 1872) Williston 1893 = Pteranodon ingens (= P. longiceps) and Ornithostoma harpyia (Cope 1872) = P. longiceps. Williston also created a special family and subfamily for Ornithostoma: the Ornithostomatidae and the Ornithostomatinae. Today, these concepts are no longer used. Williston indicated O. ingens as the type species, not knowing one had already been designated.[1] However, Richard Lydekker denied the identity in 1904 and, also unaware of Seeley's earlier species name, created a purported (third) type species O. seeleyi.[6]

The holotype specimen is a snout fragment with a length of about five centimetres or two inches. It represents a triangular cross-section of the snout, about an inch high. There is no crest and the jaws are toothless but featuring low protruding rims. The fragment is tapering towards the front, the upper edge inclining under an angle of 12°, indicating the snout tip was located about ten centimetres to the front of the breakage forming the anterior edge of the fragment.[7]

Skull fragment assigned by Hooley in 1914, in three views

In 1914,

Reginald Walter Hooley reviewed the material. He, incorrectly, claimed the pelvis elements were misidentified parts of the notarium of the shoulder girdle and referred several additional specimens to Ornithostoma, among them a skull fragment featuring a crest base, specimen CAMSM B.54406, and postcranial fragments such as vertebrae and limbs.[8]

In a 1994 paper,

Tapejara.[7]

There has also been an Ornithostoma species based on a find from

neuter. It has been renamed Bogolubovia orientalis (Nesov & Yarkov 1989) and been transferred from the Pteranodontidae to the Azhdarchidae
.

In 2020, Roy E. Smith and colleagues restricted Ornithostoma to include only jaw fragments, and considered it an azhdarchoid.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Williston, S.W., 1893, "Kansas pterodactyls, Part II", Kansas University Quarterly, 2: 97-81
  2. ^ Seeley, H.G., 1869. Index to the Fossil Remains of Aves, Ornithosauria and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata Arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge, Deighton, Bell & Co
  3. ^ Owen R., 1859. Supplement (No. I) to the Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations. Order Pterosauria Owen, genus Pterodactylus Cuvier. Monographs of the Palaeontological Society of London, pp 1–19
  4. ^ Seeley, H.G., 1871, "Additional evidence of the structure of the head in Ornithosaurs from the Cambridge Upper Greensand; being a supplement to the "Ornithosauria"", Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 4 7(37): 20-36
  5. ^ Seeley, H.G., 1891, "On the shoulder girdle in Cretaceous Ornithosauria", Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 6 7: 237-255
  6. ^ Lydekker R. 1904. "Vertebrate paleontology". In: J.E. Marr and A.E. Shipley (Eds.). Handbook to the Natural History of Cambridgeshire. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp 51–70
  7. ^ a b Averianov, A.O. (2012). "Ornithostoma sedgwicki – valid taxon of azhdarchoid pterosaurs." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, 316(1): 40–49.
  8. doi:10.1080/00222931408693521
    .
  9. ^ Bennett, S.C., 1994, "Taxonomy and systematics of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea)", Occasional Papers of the Natural History Museum Kansas 169: 1-70
  10. ^ Unwin D.M., 2001, "An overview of the pterosaur assemblage from the Cambridge Greensand (Cretaceous) of Eastern England", Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 4: 189–221
  11. ^ Bogolubov, N.N., 1914, "O pozvonk’ pterodaktilya uz’ vyerkhnyem’lovyikh’ otlozhyenii Saratovskoi gubyernii", Ezhegodnik po Geologii i Mineralogii Rossii, 16: 1–7
  12. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2020.10.004
    .
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