Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon
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The Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon is a version of the
Western scholars have classified the books of the canon into two categories — the narrower canon, which consists mostly of books familiar to the West, and the broader canon, which includes nine additional books.
It is not known to exist at this time as one published compilation. Some books, though considered canonical, are nonetheless difficult to locate and are not even widely available in the churches' home countries of Ethiopia and Eritrea.[1][2]
Narrower canon
Old Testament
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The Orthodox Tewahedo narrower
The books of
New Testament
The Orthodox Tewahedo narrower New Testament canon consists of the entire 27 book Christian protocanon, which is almost universally accepted across Christendom.[1]
Broader canon
The broader canon adds to the 81 books of the Tewahedo bible the following:[3]
- Josippon (1 book)
- Sinodos (4 books)
- Book of Covenant (2 books)
- Ethiopic Clement (1 book)
- Didascalia (1 book)
The Ethiopic Didascalia, or Didesqelya, is a book of Church order in 43 chapters, distinct from the Didascalia Apostolorum, but similar to books I–VII of the Apostolic Constitutions, where it most likely originates. Ethiopic Clement should not be confused with 1 Clement or 2 Clement.[2]
The broader canon seems to have been created by Ethiopian scholars commenting on the Fetha Negest law code, which says that the canon contains 81 books, but only lists 73. The additional eight books were those presumed to be missing from the list.[3]
List of books in the Orthodox Tewahedo Bible
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In the Old Testament
List of Old Testament books in the Orthodox Tewahedo Bible:[4]
- Genesis
- Exodus
- Leviticus
- Numbers
- Deuteronomy
- Joshua
- Judges
- Ruth
- 1 and 2 Samuel
- 1 and 2 Kings
- I Chronicles
- II Chronicles (incl. the Prayer of Manasseh)
- Jubilees
- Enoch
- 1 Ezra
- 2 Ezra (3 Ezra)
- Ezra Sutuel (4 Ezra)
- Tobit
- Judith
- Esther
- 1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan (similarly named, but not the same as the four Greek Books of the Maccabees)
- Job
- Psalms
- Messale (Proverbs ch 1–24)
- Tagsas (Proverbs ch 25–31)
- Wisdom of Solomon
- Ecclesiastes
- Song of Songs
- Sirach
- Isaiah
- Lamentations, Letter of Jeremiah, and 4 Baruch)
- Ezekiel
- Daniel
- Hosea
- Amos
- Micah
- Joel
- Obadiah
- Jonah
- Nahum
- Habakkuk
- Zephaniah
- Haggai
- Zechariah
- Malachi
- Josippon[5]
In the New Testament
List of New Testament books in the Orthodox Tewahedo Bible, including the broader canon:[1]
- Matthew
- Mark
- Luke
- John
- Acts
- Romans
- 1 Corinthians
- 2 Corinthians
- Galatians
- Ephesians
- Philippians
- Colossians
- 1 Thessalonians
- 2 Thessalonians
- 1 Timothy
- 2 Timothy
- Titus
- Philemon
- Hebrews
- 1 Peter
- 2 Peter
- 1 John
- 2 John
- 3 John
- James
- Jude
- Revelation
- Sinodos[5]
- Ser'ata Seyon (30 canons)
- Te'ezaz (71 canons)
- Gessew (56 canons)
- Abtelis (81 canons)
- 1 Covenant[5]
- 2 Covenant[5]
- Ethiopic Clement[5]
- Didascalia[5]
See also
- Fetha Negest, a legal code used by Ethiopian Christians
- Book of the Cock, a work sometimes used by Ethiopian Christians
Footnotes
- ^ a b c Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (2003). "The Bible." Available online at the Ethiopian Orthodox Church's website. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
- ^ a b Cowley, R.W. (1974), "The Biblical Canon Of The Ethiopian Orthodox Church Today", Ostkirchliche Studien, 23: 318–323, retrieved 30 March 2016.
- ^
- ISBN 978-0-19-094865-8.
- ^ a b c d e f Part of the Broader Canon.
Further reading
- Assefa, Daniel. "The Biblical Canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tawāhǝdo Church (EOTC)." The Oxford Handbook of the Bible in Orthodox Christianity (2022): 211 ff
- Covenant Christian Coalition. 2022.The Complete 54-Book Apocrypha: 2022 Edition With the Deuterocanon, 1-3 Enoch, Giants, Jasher, Jubilees, Pseudepigrapha, & the Apostolic Fathers. Covenant Press.
- Curtin, D.P., ed. (2018). First Book of Ethiopian Maccabees. New York, NY: Barnes & Noble Press.
- Harden, J.M., ed. (1920). The Ethiopian Didascalia.
- Mikre-Sellassie, Gebre-Amanuel (1993). "The Bible and Its Canon in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church". The Bible Translator. 44 (1): 111–123. .
- Platt, Thomas Pell, ed. (1834). The Ethiopic Didascalia; or, the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical constitutions, received in the church of Abyssinia. London: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
- Wanger, Anke (2011), The Biblical Canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo Church (PDF), Euclid University
- Baynes, Leslie (2012). "Enoch and Jubilees in the Canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church". In F. Mason, Eric; Coblentz Bautch, Kelley; Kim Harkins, Angela; A. Machiela, Daniel (eds.). A Teacher for All Generations: Essays in Honor of James C. VanderKam (2 vol. set). Vol. 2. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. pp. 799–818 – via Academia.edu.
External links
- Biblia Aethiopica—August Dillmann et al online edition of the Ethiopic Bible
- What's in Your Bible?—a chart comparing Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic, Syriac, Ethiopic, and Protestant canons (Bible Study Magazine Nov–Dec 08.)
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