Orthodoxy
Orthodoxy (from Greek: ὀρθοδοξία, orthodoxía, 'righteous/correct opinion')[1][2] is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion.[3]
Orthodoxy within Christianity refers to acceptance of the doctrines defined by various creeds and ecumenical councils in Antiquity, but different Churches accept different creeds and councils. Such differences of opinion have developed for numerous reasons, including language and cultural barriers.
In some English-speaking countries, Jews who adhere to all the traditions and commandments as legislated in the Torah are often called Orthodox Jews.
Sunni Islam is sometimes referred to as "Orthodox Islam".
Religions
Buddhism
The historical
Christianity
In classical Christian use, the term orthodox refers to the set of doctrines which were believed by the
Following the 1054
Much earlier, the earliest
Hinduism
Orthodoxy does not exist in
Islam
Sunni Islam is sometimes referred to as "Orthodox Islam".[15][16][17] However, other scholars of Islam, such as John Burton believe that there is no such thing as "Orthodox Islam."[18]
Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is not a centralized denomination. Relations between its different subgroups are sometimes strained and the exact limits of Orthodoxy are subject to intense debate. Very roughly, it may be divided between Haredi Judaism, which is more conservative and reclusive, and Modern Orthodox Judaism, which is relatively open to outer society. Each of those is itself formed of independent streams. They are almost uniformly exclusionist, regarding Orthodoxy as the only authentic form of Judaism and rejecting all non-Orthodox interpretations as illegitimate.
Others
There are organizations of Slavic Native Faith (Rodnovery) which characterize the religion as Orthodoxy, and by other terms.
Non-religious contexts
This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2023) |
Outside the context of religion, the term orthodoxy is often used to refer to any commonly held belief or set of beliefs in some field, in particular when these tenets - possibly referred to as "dogmas" - are being challenged. In this sense, the term "orthodox" can have a mildly pejorative connotation.
Among various "orthodoxies" in distinctive fields, the most commonly used terms include:
- Political orthodoxy
- Social orthodoxy
- Economic orthodoxy
- Scientific orthodoxy
- Artistic orthodoxy
- Orthodox medicine.[20]
The terms orthodox and orthodoxy are also used more broadly by English-speakers to refer to things other than ideas and beliefs. A new and unusual way of solving a problem could be referred to as unorthodox, while a common and 'normal' mainstream way of solving a problem might be referred to as orthodox.
Development
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The concept of orthodoxy pre-supposes some degree of agreed cultural standardisation - a system of social norms - whereby opinion can distinguish "correct" belief or doctrine from their "incorrect" equivalents.[21] Where
The
Related concepts
Orthodoxy is opposed to
The concept of orthodoxy is prevalent in many forms of organized monotheism. However, orthodox belief is not usually overly emphasized in polytheistic or animist religions, in which there is often little or no concept of dogma, and varied interpretations of doctrine and theology are tolerated and sometimes even encouraged within certain contexts. Syncretism, for example, plays a much wider role in non-monotheistic (and particularly, non-scriptural) religion. The prevailing governing norm within polytheism is often orthopraxy ('right practice') rather than the "right belief" of orthodoxy.
See also
- Catholicism
- Chalcedonian Definition
- Eastern Catholic Churches
- Eastern Christianity
- Four Marks of the Church
- Heresy in Christianity
- History of Oriental Orthodoxy
- History of the Eastern Orthodox Church
- Lutheran orthodoxy
- Neo-orthodoxy
- Nicene Christianity
- Non-Chalcedonian Christianity
- Orthodoxy (book)
- Paleo-orthodoxy
- Patristics
- Proto-orthodox Christianity
- Radical orthodoxy
- Rule of Faith
References
Citations
- ^ "Perseus Digital Greek Word Study Tool". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
- ^ Harper, Douglas. "orthodoxy". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
- Houghton-Mifflin Company. 2004. Retrieved March 03, 2008.
- ^ "Kalama Sutta: To the Kalamas". Access to Insight. Barre Center for Buddhist Studies. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
- ^ Dulles S.J., Avery (2012). Reno, R.R. (ed.). The Orthodox Imperative: Selected Essays of Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J. (Kindle ed.). First Things Press. p. 224.
- ^ Meyendorff 1989.
- ^ Krikorian 2010.
- ^ Preus, Robert. The Inspiration of Scripture: A Study of the Theology of the 17th Century Lutheran Dogmaticians. London: Oliver and Boyd, 1957.
- ^ Willem J. van Asselt, Introduction to Reformed Scholasticism, Grand Rapids, Reformation Heritage Books, 2011.
- ^ Selderhuis, Herman J., ed. (2013). A Companion to Reformed Orthodoxy. Leiden: Brill.
- )
- ^ "Githa Vahini". altlib.org. Retrieved 2020-07-07.
- ^ "Nāstika | Indian philosophy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- ^ "Āstika | Vedic, Upanishads, Brahman | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
- ISBN 978-1-135-16595-6.
- ISBN 9789004172739.
- ISBN 978-0-8054-1829-3.
- ^ Burton, John. 1996. An Introduction to the Hadith. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 201: "Sunni: Of or pertaining Sunna, especially the Sunna of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'Orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, mubtadi, from bid'a, the contrary of Sunna, and so 'innovation'."
- ^ "What is Kemetic Orthodoxy?: Introduction". The House of Netjer. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
- ^ Garrow, J., How much of orthodox medicine is evidence based?, British Medical Journal, 2007; 335, published 8 November 2007, accessed 5 April 2023
- ^
Avvakumov, Yury P. (2 February 2021). "Caught in the Crossfire: Towards Understanding Medieval and Early Modern Advocates of Church Union". In Latinovic, Vladimir; Wooden, Anastacia K. (eds.). Stolen Churches or Bridges to Orthodoxy?. Pathways for Ecumenical and Interreligious Dialogue ISSN 2634-6605. Vol. 1: Historical and Theological Perspectives on the Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Dialogue. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. p. 31. ISBN 9783030554422. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
[...] a certain eternal norm, a kind of theologia perennis - the Thomistic in the Roman Catholic case, the Palamite in Neo-Patristic theology. Compliance with this norm is held to be absolutely necessary to be a true Catholic or a true Orthodox, ans any deviation from it is considered detrimental [...] this perennial norm functions, ultimately, to legitimize the 'Catholic' and the 'Orthodox' denomination (Konfession) of the day.
- ^
ISBN 9781107162891. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
Schooling is the set of programs and practices that institutionalize the norms and standards of written culture. In reading authoritative texts learners are acquiring not only knowledge but also the rules and norms for what constitutes a clear distinction, defensible theory, valid argument or a sound reason in a written-document culture. And that set of norms and standards is then to be carried over and used to judge one's own views whether written or spoken.
- ^
Cataldo, Jeremiah W. (3 January 2018). "Understanding monotheism as a cultural institution". A Social-Political History of Monotheism: From Judah to the Byzantines. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781315406886. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
[...] note how often monotheistic descriptions of restoration employ political vocabulary - within which the believing community exists no longer under siege but in a position of authority over the nonmember, or nonbeliever.
- ^
Colic-Peisker, Val; Flitney, Adrian (24 October 2017). "A Rational Civilisation?". The Age of Post-Rationality: Limits of economic reasoning in the 21st century. Singapore: Springer. pp. 21–22. ISBN 9789811062599. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
Until the Enlightenment, the ultimate judgement or truth was one stemming from the authority of God, as interpreted bay God's representatives on Earth. Anyone who opposed the judgement of clergy committed a heresy. The Roman Catholic Church's 'thought police' in charge of arresting any unorthodox thinking. [...] The Spanish Inquisition was the most ruthless pursuit of ideological purity in Western history.
- ^
ISBN 9780300142990. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
[...] North Korea may have provided Pol Pot a model of ethnic as well as ideological purity, one that disregarded Korea's distinct ethnic homogeneity.
Sources
- Henderson, John B. (1998). The Construction of Orthodoxy and Heresy: Neo-Confucian, Islamic, Jewish, and Early Christian Patterns. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791437599.
- Krikorian, Mesrob K. (2010). Christology of the Oriental Orthodox Churches: Christology in the Tradition of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Peter Lang. ISBN 9783631581216.
- ISBN 9780881410563.
External links
- Quotations related to Orthodoxy at Wikiquote