Oruro
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Oruro
Uru Uru | |
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City | |
UTC-4 (BOT) | |
Website | Official website |
Oruro (Hispanicized spelling) or Uru Uru, approximately 3,709 meters (12,169 ft) above sea level.
It is Bolivia's fifth-largest city by population, after Santa Cruz de la Sierra, El Alto, La Paz, and Cochabamba. It is the capital of the
History
The city was founded on November 1, 1606, by Don Manuel Castro de Padilla as a silver-mining center in the
Oruro was reestablished by European Bolivians in the late nineteenth century as a tin mining center.[4] It was named after the native tribe Uru-Uru. For a time, the La Salvadora tin mine was the most important source of tin in the world. Gradually, as this resource became less plentiful, Oruro again went into a decline. Its economy is still based on the mining industry.[4]
Economy
While traditionally based upon mining, Oruro has become increasingly popular for tourism since the late 20th century. In the early 21st century, Oruro's economy grew through trade and economic connections with Chile, especially for exporting products to Pacific markets. It transported products by road through Chile to the Pacific port of Iquique to open new connections to external markets; it also used the rail connection through Uyuni to the port at Antofagasta for exports.[5] Thanks to increased road building, Oruro has become important as a waystation on the overland route of goods from the Atlantic port of Santos, Brazil, through Puerto Suárez and Santa Cruz to the capital, La Paz.[6]
The city is served by the Oruro Airport.
Culture and education
Despite its economic decline, the city attracts numerous tourists to its
The Oruru Carnival was discovered in 1559, when the Augustinian priests were on the land, the festival is in honor of the Virgin of Candlemas.[9]The Oruro Symphony Orchestra is based in the city. Aymara painter and printmaker Alejandro Mario Yllanes (1913–1960) was born here.[10]
The
Climate
Oruro lies north of the salty lakes
Climate data for Oruro (Juan Mendoza Airport) (1958-2022) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 26.6 (79.9) |
30.8 (87.4) |
30.8 (87.4) |
30.3 (86.5) |
24.7 (76.5) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.4 (70.5) |
22.8 (73.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
33.6 (92.5) |
30.2 (86.4) |
27.6 (81.7) |
33.6 (92.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.2 (66.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.3 (66.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
15.9 (60.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
17.5 (63.5) |
18.9 (66.0) |
20.6 (69.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.4 (68.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.3 (54.1) |
12.1 (53.8) |
11.9 (53.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
6.7 (44.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
6.7 (44.1) |
8.9 (48.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
12.2 (54.0) |
12.5 (54.5) |
9.5 (49.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) |
5.2 (41.4) |
4.3 (39.7) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
3.3 (37.9) |
4.6 (40.3) |
0.3 (32.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 136.9 (5.39) |
137.7 (5.42) |
92.4 (3.64) |
58.8 (2.31) |
33.4 (1.31) |
30.7 (1.21) |
26.9 (1.06) |
43.3 (1.70) |
64.0 (2.52) |
47.4 (1.87) |
60.9 (2.40) |
113.2 (4.46) |
845.6 (33.29) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 18.9 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 10.7 | 6.4 | 4.8 | 6.4 | 8.6 | 11.5 | 10.4 | 11.9 | 16.7 | 139.7 |
Source: NOAA[15] |
Main attractions
- Museo Patiño, former residence of "tin baron" Simón Iturri Patiño
- Museo Mineralógico (Mineralogical Museum): has exhibits of precious stones, minerals, and fossils
- Museo Etnográfico Minero (Ethnographical Mining Museum): housed in a mine tunnel, depicts methods of Bolivian mining
- Museo Nacional Antropológico Eduardo López Rivas (National Anthropological Museum): displays tools and information on the Chipaya and Uru tribes, and about Carnaval de Oruro.
- Churches: Catedral Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Santuario de la Virgen del Socavón, Iglesia de Cunchupata
- Inti Raymi, a mine
Education
Because of a high proportion of German-speaking residents, many of whom came as immigrants to work in the mines, the area once had a German school, Deutsche Schule Oruro.[16]
Gallery
-
Lake Poopó, Bolivia
-
Downtown Oruro, Bolivia
-
Oruro, Bolivia
-
Oruro Cathedral
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Taitas de Oruro
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Monumento a la Virgen Candelaria, Oruro, Bolivia
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Plaza 10 de Febrero, Oruro
Twin towns – sister cities
Notable people from Oruro
- Elsa Cladera de Bravo (1922–2005), trade union leader
- Hilda Mundy (1912–1980), Bolivian writer, poet & journalist
- Rajka Baković (1920–1941), Croatian student and a member of the anti-fascist resistance movement
See also
References
- ^ Yaticha Kamani / Ministerio de Educación, Aymara aru thakhinchawi, Chuqi Yapu 2011
- ^ "World Gazetteer". World-Gazetteer.com. Retrieved 23 April 2017.[dead link]
- ^ Oscar Cornblit. Power and Violence in the Colonial City: Oruro from the Mining Renaissance to the Rebellion of Tupac Amaru (1740-1782). Trans. Elizabeth Ladd Glick. New York: Cambridge University Press 1995.
- ^ a b "Oruro: History". Lonely Planet.
- ^ Ancalle, Milka Ruth Cayoja (2012). Oruro Como Centro Estratégico Comercial Internacional de Bolivia: Competitividad y Consecuencias del Proceso (PDF). (Master's Thesis, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile). Institute of Urban and Regional Studies, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
- ^ Ancalle 2012, p. 27
- ISBN 978-2-88449-137-2.
- ISBN 1317325680(2015). Quote: "The Anata is a festivity celebrated since the early 1990s in the city of Oruro, but it is linked to pre-Hispanic agricultural practices in the rural highlands related to fertility. The most public expression of the Anata in Oruro is a danced parade that is ..."
- ^ Lecount, Cynthia. "Carnival in Bolivia: Devils Dancing for the Virgin." Western Folklore 58, no. 3/4 (1999): 231-52. Accessed May 13, 2021. doi:10.2307/1500459.
- ^ Raynor, Vivien. ART; "Works by a Vanished Bolivian Painter", New York Times. 5 April 1992 (retrieved 2 May 2009)
- ^ "Official Facultad Nacional de Ingeniería (National Engineering School) webpage" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2006-10-05. Retrieved 2006-11-24.
- ^ "La Paz, El Alto y Oruro se visten de blanco por densa nevada". Periodico del Estado Nacional de Bolivia CAMBIO. Archived from the original on 2015-07-16. Retrieved 2015-07-16.
- ^ "Después de tres años nevó en la ciudad de Oruro". La Patria.
- ^ "Nieve, nubosidad y lluvia primaron en la última jornada". La Patria.
- ^ "Daily Summaries Station Details". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
- ^ "Deutscher Bundestag 4. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672" (Archived 2016-03-12 at the Wayback Machine). Bundestag (West Germany). 23 June 1965. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. p. 18/51.
External links
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