Oskar Gripenberg
Oskar Ferdinand Gripenberg | |
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Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) Russo-Japanese War |
Oskar Ferdinand Gripenberg (Russian: Оскар-Фердинанд Казимирович Гриппенберг, romanized: Oskar-Ferdinand Kazimirovich Grippenberg; 13 January 1838 – 7 January 1916) was a Finnish-Swedish general of the Russian Second Manchurian Army during the Russo-Japanese War.
Biography
Oskar Ferdinand Gripenberg was born in
Early career
Gripenberg began his military career in 1854 as a cadet in the ranks of the Russian Crimean Army. His first combat experience in the
Gripenberg was further awarded the
In 1890 Gripenberg became commander of the prestigious First Division of the Moscow Life Guards and was promoted to lieutenant general. He lost this position in 1898 after criticizing heavy-handed Russian actions in Finland. He was eventually promoted to general of infantry in 1902, reassigned to command the Russian 6th Army Corps in 1900, and in 1904 was honored with the title
Russo-Japanese War
Gripenberg was assigned to command the Russian
Final career
Nicholas II still thought highly of Gripenberg, and on 30 April 1905 appointed him Inspector General of the Infantry on 28 June 1905, and as a member of the
Honors
- Order of St. George, 4th class, 1867
- Order of St. Anne1st degree, 1867
- Order of St. Stanislaus2nd degree, 1867
- Gold Sword for Bravery(1869)
- Montenegrin Medal (1878)
- Order of St. George, 3rd class, 1878
- Order of St Vladimir, 3rd degree, 1878
- Order of St. Stanislaus1st degree 1878.
- Order of the Crown, with star (Prussia), 1878
- Order of St. Anne1st degree 1881
- Order of the Crown of Italy, Officer's Cross 1882 (Italy)
- Order of St Vladimir, 2nd degree, 1888
- Order of the White Eagle, 1896
- Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, 1905
References
- Connaughton, R.M (1988). The War of the Rising Sun and the Tumbling Bear—A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–5, London, ISBN 0-415-00906-5.
- Jukes, Geoffry. The Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905. Osprey Essential Histories. (2002). ISBN 978-1-84176-446-7.
- ISBN 0-8108-4927-5.
- Warner, Denis & Peggy. The Tide at Sunrise, A History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905. (1975). ISBN 0-7146-5256-3.
External links
- The Russo-Japanese War: Primary Causes of Japanese Success
- Biography of Oskar Ferdinand Gripenberg (in Finnish)
- Order of St. George (in Finnish)
Notes
- ^ The Gripenberg Family was introduced into the Finnish noble house in 1866
- ^ a b c Kowner, Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War, p. 135.